Diameter-Selective Raman Scattering from Vibrational Modes in Carbon Nanotubes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

AM Rao  E Richter  S Bandow  B Chase  PC Eklund  KA Williams  S Fang  KR Subbaswamy  M Menon  A Thess  RE Smalley  G Dresselhaus  MS Dresselhaus 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5297):187-191

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that are found as close-packed arrays in crystalline ropes have been studied by using Raman scattering techniques with laser excitation wavelengths in the range from 514.5 to 1320 nanometers. Numerous Raman peaks were observed and identified with vibrational modes of armchair symmetry (n, n) SWNTs. The Raman spectra are in good agreement with lattice dynamics calculations based on C-C force constants used to fit the two-dimensional, experimental phonon dispersion of a single graphene sheet. Calculated intensities from a nonresonant, bond polarizability model optimized for sp2 carbon are also in qualitative agreement with the Raman data, although a resonant Raman scattering process is also taking place. This resonance results from the one-dimensional quantum confinement of the electrons in the nanotube.  相似文献   

Thermoresponsiveness of the preoptic region of the brain in house sparrows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S H Mills  J E Heath 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,168(934):1008-1009

Heating the preoptic region of the house sparrow caused the bird to decrease its metabolism and to decrease its body temperature, whereas cooling that region caused an increase in metabolism and an increase in body temperature. These responses indicate that the preoptic region of birds, like that of other vertebrates, is an important center for thermoregulation.  相似文献   

Projecting human DNA patent numbers     

Mills AE  Tereskerz PM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6022):1264

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Performance of acclimatized European horses in a modified One Star (*) Three-Day Event in heat and humidity     

P.C. Mills  D.J. Marlin  R.C. Schroter  S.L. White  P.L. Maykuth  D. Votion  N. Waran 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2001,21(7):341

The physiological and biochemical responses of previously acclimatized European three-day event horses to competition in hot humid conditions were investigated. Four Thoroughbred (TB) and four non-Thoroughbred (NTB) horses were flown from Europe to Georgia (USA), underwent a three-week period of acclimatization, and then took part in a modified FEI One star Three-Day Event. The speed and endurance test was modified in an attempt to compensate for the environmental conditions to reduce thermal stress; these alterations included reduction of Phase A, a 10 min cooling stop on Phase C and extension of the 10 min box to 12 min to permit a test to be performed in order to obtain a cardiac recovery index (CRI). Non-Thoroughbred horses were significantly heavier than Thoroughbred horses (591 ± 31 versus 522 ± 17 kg; P<0.02). There were no significant differences in any other characteristics between TB and NTB and only minor differences in variables measured or recorded at rest or during competition. Final competition placings of TB were not significantly different from NTB. None of the horses suffered any heat-related condition at any time before, during or following the field trial. All horses returned to Europe and no medical consequences were reported to occur subsequently in relation acclimatization or competition.  相似文献   

Biomarkers predictive of long-term fertility found in vaginal lipidome of gilts at weaning     

Kayla M Mills  Christina R Ferreira  Jebadiah G Stevens  Kara R Stewart  Theresa M Casey 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)

A marker indicative of the fertility potential of replacement gilts early in development would decrease culling rates in the sow herd, improve sow herd reproductive efficiency, and reduce production costs. The objective of this study was to determine if vaginal lipid profiles at 21 d postnatal (PN) could predict sow reproductive performance. Vaginal swabs of the anterior vagina were taken at 21 ± 4 d PN from gilts born on a commercial sow production facility for lipidomic analysis. Animals were followed prospectively for 2 yr and assigned to reproductive performance categories based on the observation of estrus or piglets weaned per sow per year (PSY) across two farrowings. Lipids were extracted from cellular material collected with swabs taken from high fertility (HF; n = 28; ≥26 PSY) and infertile (IF; n = 34; no estrus, no pregnancy) animals, and multiple reaction monitoring profiling was used for lipidome analysis. The relative abundance of arachidonic acid (C20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) was lower (P < 0.05) in IF gilts than HF gilts, whereas the abundance of the free fatty acids such as cerotic (C26:0), ximenic (C26:1), and nonadecanoic (C19:0) acids was greater (P < 0.05) in IF gilts. Additionally, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5), a precursor of prostaglandins, was higher (P < 0.05) in IF gilts. The perspective of having a panel of lipids captured with vaginal swabs at weaning that can predict the reproductive efficiency of gilts shows promise and warrants future research in this area.  相似文献   

Expression and characterisation of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus (ORSV) G protein for use as a diagnostic reagent.     

R Ghildyal  A Chapman  I Peroulis  J Mills  J Meanger 《Veterinary research》1999,30(5):475-482

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in children and calves. Antibodies to ovine RSV (ORSV) are common in sheep, but the clinical disease is not well defined. There is no report of ORSV infection in Australian sheep although respiratory distress syndrome has been described. This discrepancy may be due to the lack of a suitable diagnostic test. In this report, we have characterised the ORSV G protein in an attempt to study its relatedness to human and bovine RSV (HRSV, BRSV) and for use in the development of a suitable diagnostic assay. Full length and a truncated variant of ORSV G protein were expressed in mammalian cells and the expressed proteins characterised by indirect immunofluorescence and radioimmunoprecipitation assays. Our results indicate that like HRSV, the ORSV G protein is heavily glycosylated. The expressed protein was membrane bound as well as secreted and could be purified from culture supernatants and may be suitable for use in development of a diagnostic assay.  相似文献   

Serial exploitation of global sea cucumber fisheries     

Sean C Anderson  Joanna Mills Flemming  Reg Watson  Heike K Lotze 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(3):317-339

In recent decades, invertebrate fisheries have expanded in catch and value worldwide. One increasingly harvested group is sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea), which are highly valued in Asia and sold as trepang or bêche‐de‐mer. We compiled global landings, economic data, and country‐specific assessment and management reports to synthesize global trends in sea cucumber fisheries, evaluate potential drivers, and test for local and global serial exploitation patterns. Although some sea cucumber fisheries have existed for centuries, catch trends of most individual fisheries followed boom‐and‐bust patterns since the 1950s, declining nearly as quickly as they expanded. New fisheries expanded five to six times faster in 1990 compared to 1960 and at an increasing distance from Asia, encompassing a global fishery by the 1990s. Global sea cucumber production was correlated to the Japanese yen at a leading lag. Regional assessments revealed that population declines from overfishing occurred in 81% of sea cucumber fisheries, average harvested body size declined in 35%, harvesters moved from near‐ to off‐shore regions in 51% and from high‐ to low‐value species in 76%. Thirty‐eight per cent of sea cucumber fisheries remained unregulated, and illegal catches were of concern in half. Our results suggest that development patterns of sea cucumber fisheries are largely predictable, often unsustainable and frequently too rapid for effective management responses. We discuss potential ecosystem and human community consequences and urge for better monitoring and reporting of catch and abundance, proper scientific stock assessment and consideration of international trade regulations to ensure long‐term and sustainable harvesting of sea cucumbers worldwide.  相似文献