Animal Restraint for Veterinary Professionals - By Sheldon CC, Sonsthagen T and Topel JA     

G Perry 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(3):125-125

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Effect of tibial plateau leveling on cranial and caudal tibial thrusts in canine cranial cruciate-deficient stifles: an in vitro experimental study     

Warzee CC  Dejardin LM  Arnoczky SP  Perry RL 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2001,30(3):278-286

OBJECTIVES--To investigate the effect of tibial plateau leveling (TPL) on tibial subluxation and tibial axial rotation; to determine the minimal tibial plateau rotation (MinTPR) angle that provides stifle stability; and to evaluate caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL) strain following tibial plateau rotation in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifles. ANIMALS--Fifteen canine cadaver hind limbs. METHODS--Tibial subluxation was measured from lateral radiographs in intact, loaded stifles and after sequential CrCL transection, MinTPR, TPL, and CaCL transection. The MinTPR angle was determined using a custom-made hinge plate and compared with the TPL angle. Tibial axial rotation was evaluated in CrCL-deficient stifles before and after TPL. Finally, CaCL strain was recorded in intact, loaded stifles, and following MinTPR, TPL, and tibial plateau over-rotation (MaxTPR) using a force probe. RESULTS--Cranial tibial subluxation in CrCL-deficient stifles was eliminated with TPL. Tibial plateau rotation, however, induced caudal tibial subluxation, which significantly increased from MinTPR to TPL before and after CaCL transection. The MinTPR angle was 6.5 degrees +/- 0.9 degrees less than the TPL angle (P <.05). Tibial internal rotation decreased significantly after TPL in CrCL-deficient stifles. Finally, CaCL strain increased with increasing tibial plateau rotation. CONCLUSIONS--This study suggests that, during stance phase, TPL transforms cranial tibial thrust into caudal tibial thrust, thereby stabilizing the stifle in the cranio-caudal plane via the constraint of the CaCL. The increase in CaCL stress, which results from tibial plateau rotation, could predispose the CaCL to fatigue failure and therefore would caution against tibial plateau over-rotation.  相似文献   

Effect of preovulatory concentrations of estradiol and initiation of standing estrus on uterine pH in beef cows     

Perry GA  Perry BL 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2008,34(3):333-338

Previous studies have indicated that initiation of standing estrus within 24h of fixed-time AI influenced pregnancy rates. Furthermore, uterine environment at time of insemination can influence sperm transport. We hypothesized that preovulatory concentrations of estradiol would influence uterine pH at time of insemination. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of elevated preovulatory concentrations of estradiol on uterine pH following a fixed-time AI protocol. Cows were synchronized with the CO-Synch (n=57) protocol, and 29 cows were treated with an injection of estradiol cypionate (ECP; 1mg) 36h before the second injection of GnRH. Cows that exhibited standing estrus or were treated with ECP had increased (P<0.05) concentrations of estradiol compared to cows not in estrus and not administered ECP, respectively. There was an ECP by standing estrus interaction on uterine pH (P=0.01). Control cows that exhibited estrus had a reduced uterine pH (6.72+/-0.10; P=0.05) compared to control cows not exhibiting estrus (7.0+/-0.06). Cows treated with ECP and detected in standing estrus had a greater uterine pH (7.0+/-0.07) compared to control cows in estrus (P=0.02) and ECP cows not in estrus (6.81+/-0.09; P=0.06). The interval between the initiation of standing estrus and when pH was determined also influenced uterine pH. Cows that initiated standing estrus within 4h of pH determination had a lower uterine pH (6.74+/-0.12) compared to cows that initiated estrus 4-8h (7.09+/-0.08; P=0.07) or 8-12h (7.10+/-0.15; P=0.03) after pH determination. In summary, elevated concentrations of estradiol influenced standing estrus but only influenced uterine pH when pH was determined within 4h of the initiation of standing estrus.  相似文献   

Structural characterization and serological specificities of lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains     

Brooks BW  Perry MB  Lutze-Wallace CL  Maclean LL 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,126(4):334-344

The structure and serological specificities of the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum were studied to provide an improved basis for the distinction between antigenic types and the development of improved diagnostic tests. The structure of the LPS O-polysaccharide (O-PS) from S. Pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains was determined by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical analysis. The LPS of the three strains shared a common structural repeating oligosaccharide unit containing d-mannose, l-rhamnose, d-galactose and d-tyvelose (1:1:1:1). The O-PS of the variant type LPS contained an additional d-glucose residue linked to the O-4 position of the d-galactose residue. The O-PS of the intermediate type LPS was partially the same as that of the variant LPS, however, the molar ratio of the d-glucose component was lower with respect to the other glycose components. Serological specificities of the three antigenic type LPSs were examined with anti-S. Pullorum LPS monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). On immunoblots, Mabs to the standard type O-PS reacted with high molecular mass (HMM) and low molecular mass (LMM) LPS from the standard strain, and with LMM but not HMM LPS from the variant strain. Monoclonal antibodies to the variant type O-PS reacted with HMM but not LMM LPS from the variant strain, and did not react with HMM or LMM LPS from the standard strain. On ELISA, the standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains were differentiated by the relative reactivity with the anti-LPS O-PS Mabs. Several of the anti-LPS O-PS Mabs were specific for S. Pullorum and other serogroup D1 Salmonella, and are potentially useful for the development of improved diagnostic tests for these organisms.  相似文献   

High abundance of larval rockfish over Cobb Seamount, an isolated seamount in the Northeast Pacific   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

John F. Dower  & R. Ian Perry 《Fisheries Oceanography》2001,10(3):268-274

The larval fish community in the region of Cobb Seamount (500 km west of Oregon) is dominated by myctophid species commonly encountered in the subarctic North Pacific. However, during a survey in June 1992, the ichthyoplankton community within 30 km of the seamount summit was almost completely dominated by larvae of various rockfish ( Sebastes ) species. Given their very small size (and hence very young age) and the fact that they occurred only rarely in samples collected > 30 km from the seamount summit, we conclude that these Sebastes larvae were produced locally over Cobb Seamount. Previous studies have shown that the Cobb fish fauna is dominated by various Sebastes spp. and that, unlike other fish present on the seamount, the rockfish populations may be self-recruiting. We suggest that a persistent clockwise (i.e. downwelling) eddy, consistent with a stratified Taylor cone, plays a critical role in retaining larval rockfish over Cobb Seamount and may contribute to the process of self-recruitment. The key to the success of rockfish on Cobb and other shallow Northeast Pacific seamounts seems to be linked to their viviparous life history.  相似文献   

An integrated approach to management of coastal aquatic resources—a case study from Jervis Bay,Australia     

I. M. Dutton  P. Saenger  T. Perry  G. Luker  G. L. Worboys 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1994,4(1):57-73

The types of pressures evident in coastal regions are typified by the Jervis Bay region in south-eastern Australia which, despite a long history of human occupation, remains largely undisturbed. How much longer those values and the ecological processes which sustain them will remain viable is questionable. This paper describes the development of a conservation management strategy which sought an integrated approach to management of the terrestrial and marine resources of the Bay region. A geographical information system (GIS) was developed for the region, using the raster-based E-RMS GIS software system. A continuum of conservation management options for the region was defined, ranging from no change to the presently limited protected area system (which covers only 7.5% of the region), to almost complete reservation. The preferred option, known as the Jervis Bay Conservation Zone, was derived using a landscape ecology approach. This involves a coordinated approach to conservation management by private and public agencies and individuals, with variable levels of control on the use of core habitat and adjacent land/sea areas. Three specific findings of relevance to the management of coastal aquatic resources elsewhere were that (1) traditional ‘reservation-based’ approaches to conservation management in isolation are not likely to be effective in conserving biodiversity over time; (2) the planning process should be open for review by non-technical audiences to facilitate community understanding and support; and (3) GIS can be a very useful tool for data organization and analysis.  相似文献   

Rapid and extensive surface changes near Titan's equator: evidence of April showers     

Turtle EP  Perry JE  Hayes AG  Lorenz RD  Barnes JW  McEwen AS  West RA  Del Genio AD  Barbara JM  Lunine JI  Schaller EL  Ray TL  Lopes RM  Stofan ER 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6023):1414-1417

Although there is evidence that liquids have flowed on the surface at Titan's equator in the past, to date, liquids have only been confirmed on the surface at polar latitudes, and the vast expanses of dunes that dominate Titan's equatorial regions require a predominantly arid climate. We report the detection by Cassini's Imaging Science Subsystem of a large low-latitude cloud system early in Titan's northern spring and extensive surface changes (spanning more than 500,000 square kilometers) in the wake of this storm. The changes are most consistent with widespread methane rainfall reaching the surface, which suggests that the dry channels observed at Titan's low latitudes are carved by seasonal precipitation.  相似文献   

ADDRESS TO THE ENGINEERING SECTION OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION     

Perry J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1902,16(411):761-782

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The influence of transient phenomena on the biodegradation of nitrilotriacetic acid in the activated sludge process II. Variations in influent metal and NTA concentrations     

Stephenson  T.  Perry  R.  Lester  J. N. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1985,24(4):431-442

A BASIC microcomputer program is described which calculates the median lethal dosage (LD₅₀), the probit transformation, 95% confidence limits and a chi-square test for goodness of fit quantal response data. The program could also be modified for use on other microcomputers, making it an extremely useful program in environmental toxicology research.  相似文献   

Bioaugmentation of butane-utilizing microorganisms for the in situ cometabolic treatment of 1,1-dichloroethene, 1,1-dichloroethane, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lewis Semprini  Mark E. Dolan  Maureen A. Mathias  Gary D. Hopkins  Perry L. McCarty 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2007,43(5-6):322

Bioaugmentation of microbial cultures is a potential method to enhance the performance of in situ bioremediation. In this study we evaluated the bioaugmentation of aerobic microorganisms that grow on butane that can transform chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon (CAH) mixtures, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), 1,1-dichhloroethane (1,1-DCA) and 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE). This mixture of contaminants is of interest, since 1,1,1-TCA was a frequently used solvent at Department of Defense (DoD) facilities in the United States, and 1,1-DCE and 1,1-DCA are abiotic and biotic transformation products of 1,1,1-TCA. Kinetic studies with butane grown enrichment cultures and pure cultures isolated from the enrichment culture showed effective transformation of mixtures of these contaminants, with 1,1-DCE most rapidly transformed, followed by 1,1-DCA, and 1,1,1-TCA. In laboratory microcosm batch experiments, with aquifer material and groundwater from the field site, microcosms bioaugmented with mixed and pure cultures outperformed microcosms where indigenous butane-utilizing microorganisms were stimulated. The microcosm tests were consistent with the kinetics from mixed and pure cultures. Field studies were conducted in the saturated zone at the Moffett Field In Situ Test Facility in California. Tests were performed in an indigenous test leg along with a bioaugmented test leg, and the bioaugmented test leg outperformed the indigenous test leg. In the bioaugmented leg, 1,1-DCE was more effectively transformed, followed by 1,1-DCA, and 1,1,1-TCA, consistent with the results from laboratory kinetic studies and microcosm studies.  相似文献