Parainfluenza-3 virus-induced enhancement of histamine release from calf lung mast cells – effect of levamisole     

P. O. OGUNBIYI  W. D. BLACK  P. EYRE 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1988,11(4):338-344

Clinically healthy calves were divided into five groups. Group 1 served as control; Group 2 received levamisole (LEV), 3 mg/kg, s.c.; Group 3 was aerosolized with parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3); Group 4 received LEV and PI-3 and Group 5 was inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica. They were killed 6 days after virus exposure or 5-6 days after bacterial inoculation. Lung mast cells were prepared by enzymatic treatment. Mast cell histamine (HIST) release was assayed spectrofluorometrically. Total HIST (micrograms/g) in mast cells was as follows (means +/- SEM): control (5.30 +/- 0.26); LEV (5.27 +/- 0.31); PI-3 (6.37 +/- 0.65); LEV + PI-3 (6.21 +/- 0.51); P. haemolytica (7.06 +/- 0.85). Spontaneous HIST release was as follows (% total, means +/- SEM): control (10.38 +/- 1.09), LEV (11.95 +/- 2.13), PI-3v (73.57 +/- 11.97), PI-3v + LEV (19.50 +/- 3.03), and P. haemolytica (70.59 +/- 5.94). Calcium ionophore A23187 (5 X 10(-6) M)-induced release (% total, means +/- SEM) was: 51.53 +/- 3.05, 50.02 +/- 2.70, 83.91 +/- 4.09, 75.21 +/- 4.51 and 70.59 +/- 6.91 for control, LEV, PI-3, LEV + PI-3 and P. haemolytica groups, respectively. Both virus and bacteria increased HIST content of lung mast cells and enhanced ionophore-induced release. Levamisole significantly reduced spontaneous HIST release in virus-infected calves but had no effect on ionophore-induced release. Results suggest a significant role for HIST in pathogenesis of bovine microbial pneumonia and that LEV probably does not modulate non-immunologic release of HIST from bovine lungs.  相似文献   

Lymphoma in Australian Border Collies: survey results and pedigree analyses     

KY Cheng  PXY Soh  PF Bennett  P Williamson 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(1-2):14-22

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Bovine cranial zygomycosis caused by Saksenaea vasiformis     

BD HILL  PF BLACK  M KELLY  D MUIR  WAJ MC DONALD 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(7):173-174

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Methods of supplying phosphorus to cattle     

TASH LH  JONES JM  BLACK WH 《Journal of animal science》1947,6(4):495

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Erysipelas infection in poultry     

BIVINS JA  HUDSON CB  TUDOR DC  BLACK JJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1955,126(935):135-136

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SOIL SAMPLER WITH RETRIEVABLE LINER     

J. H. BLACK  M. G. RAINES 《European Journal of Soil Science》1978,29(2):271-276

A simple, hand-operated soil sampler based on commercially available drainpipe is described. The sampler is robust, avoids cross-contamination of samples and can penetrate to a depth of three metres. The detailed design of, and a procedure for using, the sampler are given.  相似文献   

Investigations on the physiological basis for the differential response of estrous and pseudopregnant rabbit uteri to induced infection     

BLACK WG  SIMON J  MCNUTT SH  CASIDA LE 《American journal of veterinary research》1953,14(51):318-323

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Comparison of three field methods for measuring ammonia volatilization from urea granules broadcast on to pasture   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A. S. BLACK  R. R. SHERLOCK  K. C. CAMERON  N. P. SMITH  K. M. GOH 《European Journal of Soil Science》1985,36(2):271-280

Urea granules were broadcast on to pasture (Lolium perenne/Trifolium repens) at a rate of 100 kg N ha^?1. The evolution of NH₃ from the soil was measured using three methods: an enclosure system with continuous air flow (EM), an unconfined micrometeorological method (integrated horizontal flux method—IHFM) and by measuring the recovery of N as urea, NH₄⁺ and NO₃^? (NRM). The cumulative loss after 96 h measured by the three methods was 24%, 25% and 30% of the N applied respectively. After 144 h the daily rate of loss was small. At this time, EM and IHFM estimated the loss at 28%, while the NRM estimated a 45% loss. The higher estimated loss by the NRM was attributed mainly to microbial immobilization of applied N. Hourly fluxes estimated by the EM and the IHFM were very different. This was attributed to variations in the rate of urea hydrolysis which appeared to be more rapid in the confined EM system where the rate of soil drying was slower.  相似文献   

An economic threshold model for spraying herbicides in cereals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I. D. BLACK  C. B. DYSON 《Weed Research》1993,33(4):279-290

A model has been developed for calculating the economic benefit of early spraying of herbicides in wheat and barley crops, using data derived from routine herbicide evaluation field experiments. Annual grass and broadleaf weed densities are converted to weed units using a weighting for the competitiveness of each species. The absolute yield benefit (kg ha^?1) from controlling a forecast proportion of estimated weed units present when the crop is sprayed at or before the early tillering stage has three major determinants: the weed-free yield potential of the crop (kg ha^?1); the number of weed units m^?2 at spraying; and the relative growth stages of weeds and crop at spraying. The weight of evidence from the data used indicates that there is an approximately linear relationship between weed density after spraying and grain yield. We have based the model on this expectation, which contrasts with the strongly curvilinear relationship of yield and unsprayed weed density. It is suggested that this difference is attributable to the effects of the herbicide treatments on surviving weeds, which are less competitive with the crop than untreated weeds. Un modèle de seuil économique pour I'application des herbicides dans les céréales Un modèle a étéélaboré pour calculer l'intérêt économique de traitements herbicides précoces dans le blé et l'orge, en utilisant des données issues d'évaluations d'herbicides au champ. Les densités de graminées annuelles et de di-cotylédones étaient converties en ‘unités mau-vaise herbe’ après pondération par 1'aptitude à la concurrence de chaque espèce. Le gain de rende-ment absolu (kg ha^?1) obtenu en détruisant, avant ou au moment du tallage, une proportion donnée d'un nombre estimé d'unités mauvaise herbe', a trois déterminant: le potentiel de la culture en l'absence de mauvaises herbes (kg ha^?1), le nombre d'unités mauvaise herbe' par m^?2 au moment du traitement, et les stades de dévelop-pement relatifs de la culture et des mauvaises herbes au moment du traitement. Les données utilisées montrent qu'il existe une relation approximativement linéaire entre la densité de mauvaises herbes après le traitement et le rende-ment de la culture en grain. Nous avons basé le modèle sur cette observation, ce qui contraste avec les relations forgement curvilinéaires entre le rendement et la densité de mauvaises herbes non traitées. II est suggéré que cette différence peut être attribuée aux effets du traitement herbicide sur les mauvaises herbes survivantes, qui sont moins compétitives à l'égard de la culture que des mauvaises herbes non traitées. Ein Modell der ökonomischen Schadensschwel-len für die Behandlung von Getreide mil Herbiziden Anhand von Daten aus Herbizid-Feldprüfungen wurde ein Modell zur Abschätzung des ökonomischen Vorteils früher Herbizidbehandlungen in Weizen und Gerste entwickelt. Für die Gewichtung der Konkurrenzkraft jeder Unkrau-tart wurden die Dichten der mono- und dikotylen Arten zu Unkraut-Einheiten verrechnet. Der absolute Ertragsgewinn infolge der Bekämpfung eines prognostizierten Anteils der zum Spritzter-min während oder vor Beginn der Bestockung geschätzten Unkraut-Einheiten hat 3 Haupt-Determinate: das Ertragspotential der Kultur ohne Unkrautkonkurrenz, die Unkrautdichte und die Entwicklungsstadien von Unkraut und Kultur bei der Behandlung. Die Beweiskraft der benutzten Daten zeigt, daß eine fast lineare Beziehung zwischen der Unkrautdichte bei der Behandlung und dem Ertrag besteht. Das Modell basierte auf dieser Erwartung, die zur sehr kurvilinearen Beziehung zwischen Ertrag und unbehandelter Verunkrautung in Gegensatz steht. Dieser Unterschied wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß behandelte Unkräuter eine geringere Konkurrenz ausüben als unbehandelte.  相似文献   

Examination of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates from chickens with respiratory disease in a commercial flock vaccinated with a living M. gallisepticum vaccine     

KG WHITHEAR  E. GHIOCAS  PF MARKHAM  D. MARKS 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(12):459-460

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