Acute intoxication of marmosets and rats fed high concentrations of the dietary antioxidant "Ethoxyquin 66"     

G H McINTOSH  J S CHARNOCK  P H PHILLIPS  G J BAXTER 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(11):385-386

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Pharmacokinetics of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier hemoglobin-glutamer-200 bovine (oxyglobin) in the horse     

LR Soma  F Guan  CE Uboh  Y Luo  PJ Moate  B Driessen 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(4):17-17

Oxyglobin (OXY) is a hemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier (HBOC) made of glutaraldehyde‐polymerized bovine hemoglobin (bHb). Products similar to OXY are under development for use as temporary blood substitutes in trauma, shock and anemia. Since they all may increase blood O₂‐carrying capacity and thus, possibly tissue oxygenation, they may also be used to enhance performance of both equine and human athletes. That is why HBOCs are banned from use in athletic competition. Our goal was to determine the pharmacokinetics of OXY after intravenous (IV) infusion to horses. Blood and urine samples were collected from adult horses that received an IV dose of 32.5 g of OXY. Concentrations of OXY in plasma and urine were quantified using a newly developed LC/Q‐TOF‐MS/MS detection technique. Level of quantification (LOQ) was 50 μg mL^–1. The decline of the plasma concentration‐time curve of the HBOC was described by a 2‐compartment model (C1 and C2). The median distribution alpha (t1/2k1,0) and elimination beta (t1/2k2,0) half‐lives were 1.3 and 12.0 hours, respectively. The bHb molecules in OXY are not of uniform size and vary substantially in molecular weight (MW). Of the OXY molecules 53% were eliminated in C1, which represented the smaller MW molecules and 47% in C2, which represented the larger MW bHb. The maximal 0‐time plasma concentration was 662.0 μg/mL and declined to 97.1 μg mL^–1 at 24 h. The area below the plasma concentration‐time curve was 5143 μg h^–1 mL^–1. The volumes of C₁ and C₂ were 86.9 and 63.9 mL kg^–1, respectively. Oxyglobin was not detected in urine. This study shows the detection and quantification in equine plasma of a HBOC following IV infusion and demonstrates the short half‐life of about 50% of infused bHb molecules.  相似文献   

The use of biplots as an aid to interpreting interactions between potato clones and populations of potato cyst nematodes     

M. S. PHILLIPS  J. W. McNICOL 《Plant pathology》1986,35(2):185-195

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Rhizome depth: the critical factor in winter survival of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnson grass)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. I. WARWICK  D. PHILLIPS  C. ANDREWS 《Weed Research》1986,26(6):381-388

Two biotypes of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., (Johnson grass) one which overwinters and one which does not overwinter from rhizomes at the northern limit of their North American ranges, were compared for rhizome production, rhizome survival and physiological tolerance to cold. The two biotypes differed in both the amount and depth of rhizome production under field conditions, with the non-overwintering biotype producing very few rhizomes 20 cm below the soil surface. Rhizome survival was clearly related to depth of burial for both biotypes. Survival was much reduced in the top 20 cm of soil and increased at greater depths to nearly 100% survival at depths of 40 to 50 cm. Differences in rhizome survival were apparent between the two biotypes and under the two climatic conditions tested, with greatly reduced survival of the overwintering biotype in the more extreme northern field plot. Similar levels of cold hardiness were observed in both hardened seedlings and rhizomes of the two biotypes. These levels were low and, in general, would not provide major protection against freezing temperatures. La profondeur des rhizomes; facteur critique de la siurvie hivernale de Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Sorgho d'Alep) Deux biotypes de Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Sorgho d'Alep), l'un capable et l'autre incapable d'hiverner à l'état de rhizomes à la limite septentrionale de leurs aires nord-américaines, ont été comparés pour leur production en rhizomes, la survie de ces rhizomes et la tolérance physiologique au froid. Les deux biotypes différaient à la fois par la quantité et le niveau de profondeur de leur production de rhizomes au champ :le biotype incapable d'hiverner produisait très peu de rhizomes à une profondeur de 20 cm. La survie des rhizomes était clairement reliée à la profondeur d'enfouissement pour les deux biotypes. La survie était réduite dans les premiers 20 cm de sol et augmentait avec la profondeur jusqu'à presque 100%à des profondeurs de 40 à 50 cm. Des différences de survie des rhizomes étaient apparentes entre les deux biotypes sous les deux conditions climatiques étudiées, le biotype capable d'hiverner présentant un taux de survie fortement réduit dans la parcelle expérimentale située le plus au Nord. Des niveaux similaires d'endurcissement au froid ont été observés dans des plantules et des rhizomes endurcis des deux biotypes. Ces niveaux étaient bas et en général ne fournissaient pas de protection majeure contre le gel. Tiefenlage der Rhizome: der kritische Faktor fur das Ueberleben von Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. während des Winters Zwei Biotypen von Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. von der nördlichen Grenze ihres Verbreitungsgebietes in N-Amerika wurden in Bezug auf Rhizomproduktion, Ueberleben ihrer Rhizome und physiologisch bedingte Kälteresistenz miteinander verglichen. Der eine der beiden Biotype überwintert nicht, der andere überwintert, d.h. reproduziert neues Wachstum aus den bestehen-den Rhizomen. Die beiden Typen zeigten unter Feldbedingungen Unterschiede in der Rhizom-bildung, sowohl bezüglich Menge und Tiefenlage der neubildung, wobei der nicht überwinternde Biotype sehr wenig Rhizome tiefer als 20 cm unter der Bodenorberfläche bildet. Das Ueberleben während des Winters war für beide Biotypen eindeutig mit der Tiefenlage der Rhizomasse korreliert. Die Uebelebensrate war in den obersten 20 cm sehr reduziert und nahm mit zunehmen der Tiefe bis zu fast 100% in 40–50 cm Tiefe zu. Es wurden eindeutige Unterschiede in der Ueberlebensrate zwischen den beiden Biotype unter den zwei untersuchten Klimabedingungen festgestellt, wobei ein stark verringertes Ueberle-benspotential des überwinternden Typs unter den extremeren nördlicheren Feldbedingungen beobachtet wurde. Abgehärtete Sämlinge und Rhizome beider Biotypen wiesen einen ähnlichen Grad von Kälteresistenz auf. Diese Resistenz war relativ gering und stellte in der Regel keinen genügenden Schutz gegen Frost dar.  相似文献   

Two Methods for the Treatment of Ureterolithiasis in a Mare     

MARGARET A. MACHARG DVM    JOSEPH J. FOERNER DVM  DiplomateACVS    THOMAS N. PHILLIPS DVM  MS  WILLIAM P. BARCLAY DVM  DiplomateACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1984,13(2):95-98

Ureteroliths were removed on two occasions from a mare by different techniques. A 3 cm calculus was removed by right ureterolithectomy during a ventral midline celiotomy. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine were measured monthly and remained within normal limits for 5 months. During the fifth postoperative month, after 9 days of lumbar pain, the mare was represented with an increased BUN and creatinine and a ureterolith in the left ureter. Using a Dormia basket stone dislodger, the second ureterolith was removed through a vestibulourethral approach. Fourteen days after surgery, the BUN and creatinine had returned to normal limits and the mare remained asymptomatic for 3 months. The mare then developed severe laminitis after 2 days of strenuous exercise and was euthanized. At necropsy, both kidneys contained multiple calculi.  相似文献   

Comparison of the sedative effects of nalbuphine and butorphanol,alone or in combination with acepromazine in dogs     

Viviane H. Gomes  Renato LS. Oliveira  Juliana LR. Marques  Cassia MM. Coelho  Marta FA. Silva 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):68-72

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Sodium fertilizer application to pasture. 1. Direct and residual effects on pasture production and composition     

P. C. CHIY  C. J. C. PHILLIPS 《Grass and Forage Science》1993,48(2):189-202

Results are given on the effect of sodium (Na) fertilizer applied as NaNO₃ in five application sat 0 (Nil), 32 (Low) or 64 (High) kg Na ha ^-1yr^-1 and the residual effect of sodium chloride(NaCl) fertilizer applied in the previous year on the growth rate and the chemical composition of herbage cut at fortnightly intervals over the grazing season. Na fertilizer at Low and High rates increased herbage Na contents by 20 and 40% respectively. Magnesium (Mg) content in herbage was increased at Low Na fertilizer application rate but there was no difference between the Nil and the High Na treatments. Calcium (Ca) content was increased in proportion to Na fertilizer level. Potassium (K) content of Nil Na herbage exceeded that of Low and High, but there was no effect of treatment on total harvested K yields. The contents of phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), true protein (TP) and modified acid detergent fibre (MADF) in herbage were not affected, but the dry matter digestibility (DMD) was increased with increasing Na fertilizer level. Applying Na fertilizer at the Low and High levels gave similar increases in water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and ash contents and decreased crude protein (CP) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) contents. Net herbage accumulation(fresh and dry weight) was increased by 15 and 26% at the Low and High Na fertilizer application rates respectively. NaCl fertilizer residues from the previous year increased herbage Na, DM, DMD and WSC contents, reduced K contents and did not affect Ca, P, S, CP, TP and NPN contents. Residues from Na fertilizer decreased MADF and ash contents at the Low and High Na application rates. The main and residual effects of Na fertilizer were generally maximal in early season and diminished as the season progressed, with many of the effects eliminated by late season. Proportionally 0·70 of Na applied was recovered in the first two grazing seasons after application. The effects of Na fertilizer on mineral ratios are also described, together with the implications for animal health.  相似文献   

Behaviour of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in marine cages     

M. J. PHILLIPS 《Aquaculture Research》1985,16(3):223-232

Abstract. Underwater television was used to observe the distribution and swimming behaviour of groups of farmed rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in marine net cages. Undisturbed rainbow trout (mean total length 240 mm) aggregated near the surface, remaining motionless in slack water and formed polarized shoals at higher current velocities. Larger fish (mean total length 317 mm) occupied deeper parts of the cage and were more active during periods of slack water. The results are compared with previous work on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and discussed in relation to the biology of wild rainbow trout and recent work on exercise, growth and condition in salmonids.  相似文献   

The effect of adding surface water to herbage on its digestion by ruminants     

C. J. C. PHILLIPS  J. K. MARGERISON  S. AZAZI  A. G. CHAMBERLAIN  H. OMED 《Grass and Forage Science》1991,46(3):333-338

In two experiments the effects of adding surface water to herbage on its digestion by ruminants were examined. In experiment 1, with sheep, adding water to silage reduced DM intake and the diet DM digestibility. Offering a high DM alternative forage, hay, increased DM digestibility with the wetted silage, but tended to decrease it with the dry silage. More hay was eaten with the wetted than dry silage. In experiment 2, with steers, adding water to fresh herbage reduced DM intake but had no effect on rumen pH or ammonia levels. Adding water to the herbage reduced the rate of DM disappearance from nylon bags placed in the rumen and the proportion of rumen liquor particles of low specific gravity. The proportion of very short and very long particles in the rumen liquor was also reduced by adding water to the herbage.  相似文献   

The role of veterinarians on animal experimentation ethics committees     

LR SCOTT  PD CARTER 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(4):309-311

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