Frictional properties of cattle hooves and their conformation after trimming     

Phillips CJ  Chiy PC  Bucktrout MJ  Collins SM  Gasson CJ  Jenkins AC  Paranhos da Costa MJ 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(21):607-609

The conformation of the hooves of nine heifers obtained from an abattoir was measured and their coefficient of static friction (mu) was determined for movement in forward, backward and sideways directions. The hooves were trimmed by the Dutch method and their conformation and p were measured again. Trimming increased mu, and decreased the length of the digit and the angle between it and the floor. The value of mu was considerably greater for movement in a forward or backwards direction than sideways. The relationship between the value of mu for sideways movement and hoof conformation was examined by using 52 lower limbs from a variety of cattle breeds. Although mu was greater for Belgian blue than other cattle breeds, there were no relationships between mu and hoof conformation, including a measure of the roughness of the sole.  相似文献   

Co-administration of IL-2 enhances antigen-specific immune responses following vaccination with DNA encoding the glycoprotein E2 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus     

Nobiron I  Thompson I  Brownlie J  Collins ME 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,76(2):129-142

Induction of effective immunity requires the delivery of a protective antigen with appropriate co-stimulatory signals. For bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) this antigen is the major viral glycoprotein E2. Neutralising antibodies are directed towards the E2 protein and passive transfer of antibodies in serum or colostrum can completely protect against viral infection. DNA vaccination of mice with a construct encoding the E2 glycoprotein induced neutralising antibody levels that were potentially sufficient to prevent virus replication in a challenge system. The co-delivery of interleukin-2 (IL-2) further enhanced the levels of antibody raised. The strong IgG2a component of the antigen-specific antibody suggests a Th1 bias to the immune response induced following vaccination.  相似文献   

Promoting the Human-Animal Bond in Veterinary Practice.     

PJ Macwhirter 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(11):746-746

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Treatment of lesions on the penis and prepuce of bulls     

RS. COPLAND  AA. BAKER  MD. RIVAL  PE. LENNON  PJ. CHENOWETH 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(11):378-380

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Toxoplasma pneumonia in a cat with incongruous serological test results     

J. C. Sardinas  C B. Chastain  B. K. Collins  D. Schmidt 《The Journal of small animal practice》1994,35(2):104-107

A 12-year-old neutered male domestic short-haired cat was presented for rapid breathing, lethargy of two weeks duration and chronic weight loss. A diagnosis of toxoplasma-induced pneumonia was made based on clinical signs, laboratory data, radiology, immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology and isolation of the organism from a lung aspirate. A passive haemagglutination test to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against toxoplasma was negative. The reliability of agglutination tests, to accurately diagnose an acute toxoplasma infection is questioned. In acute infections the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgM may be more specific.  相似文献   

Evaluation of conventional and radiometric fecal culture and a commercial DNA probe for diagnosis of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infections in cattle.          下载免费PDF全文

D C Sockett  D J Carr    M T Collins 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1992,56(2):148-153

Radiometric (RCM) and conventional fecal culture (HEY) and a commercial polymerase chain reaction/DNA probe were evaluated as diagnostic tests for subclinical paratuberculosis in dairy cattle using fecal specimens from a repository of paratuberculosis specimens. The case definition of subclinical bovine paratuberculosis was isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, by conventional or radiometric culture, from fecal samples or internal organs of dairy cattle without diarrhea or chronic weight loss. Animals designated as free of the disease originated exclusively from certified paratuberculosis-free herds in Wisconsin. Among 182 infected cattle, RCM and HEY fecal culture and the DNA probe had test sensitivities of 54.4%, 45.1% and 33.5%, respectively. Fecal samples from only 111 of the M. paratuberculosis-infected cows tested positive by at least one of the three tests and these cows were designated as fecal shedders; the remaining 71 were considered to have prepatent infections. Among the 111 M. paratuberculosis fecal shedders, RCM, HEY and the probe detected the organism in 89.2%, 73.8% and 55.0% of the fecal specimens, respectively. Herd prevalence significantly affected the sensitivity of all three diagnostic tests (p less than 0.05) but only affected the fecal shedder detection efficiency of the DNA probe (p less than 0.01). No positive DNA probe results were found on 100 randomly selected fecal samples from cows in four certified paratuberculosis-free herds, thus the DNA probe was 100% specific. Probe analyses could be performed in 24 h or less. Time to complete the culture-based tests was 12 wk for HEY and 7 wk for RCM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

The serological responses of chickens to mass vaccination with a live V4 Newcastle disease virus vaccine in the field and in the laboratory 1. Meat chickens   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

IG BELL  PJ NICHOLLS  C NORMAN  K COOPER  GM CROSS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(3):85-89

Meat chickens on commercial broiler farms were vaccinated once at 1 to 15 days of age with a live V4 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine administered by drinking water, aerosol or coarse spray. Hatchmates were housed and similarly vaccinated in laboratory isolation pens. Samples of birds were bled at weekly to fortnightly intervals and the serums tested for haemagglutination inhibiting antibody to NDV. Log2 mean titres of up to 6.26, and assumed protection levels (based on the percentage of birds with log2 titres of 4 or greater) of up to 89%, were obtained in field trials within 4 weeks of vaccination. Differences were observed between the results obtained from parallel field and laboratory trials. The presence of maternal NDV antibody reduced the response to vaccination. The results show that this V4 vaccine can produce an adequate serological response following mass administration to Australian meat chickens housed under commercial conditions.  相似文献   

Abomasal erosions in feedlot cattle.     

R Jensen  T R Spraker  R D Glock  R L Jones  J K Collins  D E Flack  R Kerschen  R L Hoff 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(1):110-115

The abomasa of 1,949 slaughtered feedlot cattle, 45 necropsied feedlot cattle that died 2 to 45 days after arrival, and 45 necropsied pastured cattle were opened and examined. Of these organs, 484, 1, and none, respectively, contained erosions. The slaughtered cattle were fattened at 3 locations: 1,305 with 430 eroded abomasa were fed a ration of corn in northeastern Colorado; 144 cattle with 4 affected abomasa fed a ration of milo in south-central Arizona; and 500 cattle with 50 affected abomasa fed a ration of milo and corn in northwestern Texas. The red-brown lesions developed late during the second semester of fattening and were located mostly on fundic folds. Those on fold edges were linear and were 2 to 15 cm long, whereas those on fold sides were punctate and were 2 to 15 mm in diameter. Normal fold edges contained fewer goblet cells and less surface mucus than did fold sides. Eroded folds had disruption of surface epithelium, damage to endothelial cells, and dilated, thrombosed, congested, and ruptured capillaries. Mean pH values of 16 normal and 17 eroded abomasa were 4.7 and 3.9, respectively. Necrosis of all tissue toward the mucosal surface of erosions was extensive. The cause of gastric erosion in cattle is not known.  相似文献   

In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Australian isolates of Treponema hyodysenteria     

SC SMITH  T. MUIR  M. HOLMES  PJ COLOE 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(12):408-409

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Economic decision analysis model of a paratuberculosis test and cull program.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M T Collins  I R Morgan 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,199(12):1724-1729

A spreadsheet program was written to perform decision tree analysis for control of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), when testing all adults in a herd and culling all animals with positive test results. The program incorporated diagnostic test sensitivity, specificity, and test cost with the cost or value of each of the 4 possible outcomes; true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative test results. The program was designed to repeat the analysis for the independent variable pretest paratuberculosis prevalence (0 to 100%). Model output was graphed as profit or loss in dollars vs pretest prevalence. The threshold was defined as the pretest prevalence at which benefit-cost equaled zero. Reed-Frost disease modeling techniques were used to predict the number of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected replacement heifers resulting from infected cows during a control program. Sensitivity analysis was performed on variables of the decision tree model; test sensitivity, specificity, test cost, and factors affecting the cost of paratuberculosis to a commercial dairy. A test and cull program was profitable when paratuberculosis caused greater than or equal to 6% decrease in milk production if the pretest prevalence was greater than 6%, test sensitivity was 50%, test specificity was 98%, and the testing cost was $4/cow. Test specificities greater than 98% did not markedly affect the threshold for tests with a 50% sensitivity and costing $4/cow. Test sensitivity had minimal effect on the threshold. Using a diagnostic test with a 50% sensitivity and a 98% specificity as an example, test cost was shown to affect the threshold prevalence at which the test and cull program became profitable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献