Relationships among bovine male and female reproductive traits     

VEA PERRY  RK MUNRO†  PJ CHENOWETH  DAV BODERO  TB POST† 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(1):4-5

No significant relationship (p greater than 0.05) was found between age at puberty in heifers and the age and scrotal circumference at puberty in related bulls. There was a significant effect (p less than 0.01) of genotype and sire on age at puberty of heifers and a significant effect (p less than 0.05) of genotype on weight at puberty in heifers. There was a significant effect of genotype on age (p less than 0.01) and weight (p less than 0.05) at puberty of bulls. A significant difference (p less than 0.05) in age at puberty of bulls was found between the 2 methods of assessing puberty. It is possible that the assessment of puberty of heifers at 2-month intervals may not have been precise enough to detect such a relationship and/or that the variation in genotypes and ages in this study were too great to establish such a relationship.  相似文献   

Characterisation and antimicrobial sensitivity of haemophili isolated from pigs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LE. EAVES  PJ. BLACKALL  M. FEGAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(1):1-4

A total of 70 haemophili from Australia pigs was compared with a range of reference strains of porcine haemophili. Forty-eight of the isolates were identified as Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biovar 1 and the remaining 22 isolates as Haemophilus parasuis. Forty one of the A. pleuropneumoniae isolates were used in a study to determine to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12 antimicrobial agents, or combinations of agents. Penicillin, neomycin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline all showed low MIC values, indicating their potential for the treatment of porcine pleuropneumonia, although 2 isolates showed resistance to tetracycline. A wide range of MIC values was encountered with the sulphonamides.  相似文献   

Bovine ephemeral fever and rhabdoviruses endemic to Australia     

PJ WALKER  DH CYBINSKI 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(12):398-400

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Evaluation of an immunofluorescence test on direct smears of conjunctival and urogenital swabs taken from koalas for the detection of Chlamydia psittaci   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PJ CANFIELD  DN LOVE  G. MEARNS†  E. FARRAM† 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(5):165-167

The Chlamydia-Cel Vet IF Test (CCVIT), a commercially available immunofluorescence test for use on direct smears of clinical specimens, was evaluated in a colony of 43 captive koalas. The test is based on a monoclonal antibody directed against the chlamydial common group specific lipopolysaccharide antigen. Swabs were taken from conjuncitva and penis or urogenital sinus and used for direct smear evaluation and cell culture isolation. Compared with isolation of the organism in cell culture, the CCVIT on direct smears of conjunctival swabs presented a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value (PV+) of 100% and a negative predictive value (PV-) of 97%. The CCVIT on direct smears of urogenital swabs presented a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 84%, a PV+ of 86% and a PV- of 89%. The overall sensitivity was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI] of 71% to 97%), the specificity 94% (95% CI of 84% to 98%), the PV+ 89% and the PV- 94%. It was concluded that the CCVIT on direct smears was suitable as a diagnostic screening test for the detection of Chlamydia psittaci in koalas.  相似文献   

Smartweeds (Polygonur spp) n photosensitisation of cattle     

RA McKENZIE  PJ DUNSTER  JC BURCHILL 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(4):128-128

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Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets on reproduction and health in dairy cows     

PJ DeGaris  IJ Lean  AR Rabiee  C Heuer 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(3):84-92

Objective To evaluate the effect of the number of days exposure to a prepartum transition diet on reproduction and health in dairy cows. Design A prospective cohort study. Procedures We enrolled 1008 dairy cows from three herds to examine the effects on reproduction and health of increased days exposure to prepartum transition diets that included ryegrass pasture, ryegrass silage, cereal hay, grain, by-products, oilseed meals, BioChlor®, rumen modifiers, minerals and vitamins. Diets provided 9.9 MJ metabolisable energy per kg dry matter (DM), a metabolisable protein balance of 286 g/day and a dietary cation anion difference of −150 meq/kg DM. Statistical models controlled for herd, calving day, age and gestation period. Results In two of the three herds increased days exposure to prepartum transition diets increased the hazards of submission for breeding, conception and clinical mastitis, and decreased the hazard of cow removal. The odds of pregnancy by 6 and 21 weeks after the mating start date tended to increase with increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets. Conclusions Increasing exposure to a prepartum transition diet improved the calving to conception interval, tended to improve the odds of pregnancy and reduced the risk of culling of cattle, but increased the hazard of clinical mastitis.  相似文献   

Detection and characterisation of bovine rotavirus in Ireland from 2006–2008     

PJ Collins  Emily Mulherin  Olivia Cashman  Grainne Lennon  Lynda Gunn  Helen O’Shea  Séamus Fanning 《Irish veterinary journal》2014,67(1):13

Background

Worldwide, Group A bovine rotavirus (RVA boRV) is one of the main causes of neonatal calf diarrhoea. Currently, limited epidemiological and sequence data exists on the RVA disease in bovines in Southern Ireland only. The aim of the study was to generate epidemiological and sequence data of RVA boRV distributed over a wide geographical area in Ireland.

Findings

272 stool samples were obtained from symptomatic calves and analysed to identify the prevalent G and P genotypes. Viral type combinations including G6P[5], G6P[11] and G10P[11] genotype were the most frequently identified. The G6P[5] combination was predominant throughtout the study, accounting for 70% (n = 191). Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene revealed that Irish G6 strains fell within Lineage IV, similiar to previous reports in Ireland.

Conclusion

The detection of unusual G and P combinations may have an impact on rotavirus control programmes and current vaccines may need to incorporate new strains, as the current vaccine available may not offer protection against all of these circulating types.  相似文献   

Comparison of In Vitro Developmental Competence of Cloned Caprine Embryos Using Donor Karyoplasts from Adult Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells vs Ear Fibroblast Cells     

PJ Kwong  HY Nam  WE Wan Khadijah  T Kamarul  RB Abdullah 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(2):249-253

The aim of this study was to produce cloned caprine embryos using either caprine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or ear fibroblast cells (EFCs) as donor karyoplasts. Caprine MSCs were isolated from male Boer goats of an average age of 1.5 years. To determine the pluripotency of MSCs, the cells were induced to differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Subsequently, MSCs were characterized through cell surface antigen profiles using specific markers, prior to their use as donor karyoplasts for nuclear transfer. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in fusion rates was observed between MSCs (87.7%) and EFCs (91.3%) used as donor karyoplasts. The cleavage rate of cloned embryos derived with MSCs (87.0%) was similar (p > 0.05) to those cloned using EFCs (84.4%). However, the in vitro development of MSCs‐derived cloned embryos (25.3%) to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those derived with EFCs (20.6%). In conclusion, MSCs could be reprogrammed by caprine oocytes, and production of cloned caprine embryos with MSCs improved their in vitro developmental competence, but not in their fusion and cleavage rate as compared to cloning using somatic cells such as EFCs.  相似文献   

Haematological, biochemical and selected acute phase protein reference intervals for weaned female Merino lambs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ML Lepherd  PJ Canfield  GB Hunt  KL Bosward 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(1-2):5-11

Background   Merino lambs are currently the subject of much research into the welfare aspects of mulesing and mulesing alternatives.
Objective   Obtain haematology, biochemistry and acute phase protein reference intervals using modern methodologies for female Merino lambs.
Method   Blood was collected from 50, weaned, 9- to 16-week-old, female Merino lambs. Haematology and biochemistry panels were performed using routine automated methods. The acute phase proteins, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, were also measured using commercially available techniques. The reference intervals were determined to be the central 95% of results.
Results   Differences in the concentrations for some analytes were seen when compared with reported studies in sheep, but may be explained by the use of sheep of a different signalment, as well as different methodologies for analyte measurement. Overall, most analytes gave similar values to those previously reported in other studies. Notable exceptions were alkaline phosphatase, phosphate and globulins, for which the different results were often attributed to the younger age of the sheep in the present study, and platelets and creatine kinase, for which the elevated levels may have been a result of stress and muscle exertion associated with blood collection and husbandry practices.
Conclusion   Established haematological, biochemical and acute phase protein reference intervals are necessary for the investigation of the systemic impact of mulesing and mulesing alternatives and for the investigation of systemic diseases affecting weaned, 9- to 16-week-old, female Merino lambs in general.  相似文献   

Erythrocytic pyruvate kinase deficiency and AB blood types in Australian Abyssinian and Somali cats     

VR Barrs  U Giger  B Wilson  CTT Chan  AE Lingard  L Tran  A Seng  PJ Canfield  JA Beatty 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(1-2):39-44

Objective   To determine the frequency of the mutant pyruvate kinase (PK) allele, haematological parameters and AB blood types of Abyssinian and Somali cats in Australia.
Design   Complete blood cell and reticulocyte counts, DNA PK mutation testing and blood typing were performed in all cats.
Results   A total of 60 cats (36 Abyssinians, 24 Somalis) were included (37 females, 23 males). For the mutant PK allele, three female Somalis were homozygous (affected, 5%), 17 cats were heterozygous (carrier, 28%) and 40 cats tested negative (normal, 67%). Pedigree analysis revealed common ancestry of affected and many carrier cats. Of affected cats, two had regenerative anaemias and all had reticulocytosis (range 64–390 × 10⁹/L; P < 0.001 compared with normal or carrier cats). The only consistent historical sign was lethargy. One affected cat was euthanased 18 months after testing, because of anaemia, neutropenia, anorexia and weight loss. The mutant allele frequency was 0.19 overall (0.29 in Somalis, 0.13 in Abyssinians). All cats had blood type A. The commercial blood typing card method incorrectly identified 12 cats as having type AB blood.
Conclusions    The frequency of the mutant PK allele is high in Australia. Screening for PK deficiency is indicated before mating and in individual cats of these breeds, even in the absence of anaemia and especially when there is reticulocytosis. Although all cats in the present study had blood type A, blood type B is common in these breeds worldwide. Retyping of any AB typed cats by a laboratory technique is recommended.  相似文献