Phytochemical and dietary fiber components in barley varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen     

Andersson AA  Lampi AM  Nyström L  Piironen V  Li L  Ward JL  Gebruers K  Courtin CM  Delcour JA  Boros D  Fraś A  Dynkowska W  Rakszegi M  Bedo Z  Shewry PR  Aman P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):9767-9776

Ten different barley varieties grown in one location were studied for their content of tocols, folate, plant sterols, alkylresorcinols, and phenolic acids, as well as dietary fiber components (arabinoxylan and beta-glucan). The samples included hulled and hull-less barley types and types with normal, high-amylose, and waxy starch. The aim was to study the composition of raw materials, and therefore the hulls were not removed from the hulled barleys. A large variation was observed in the contents of all phytochemicals and dietary fibers. Two varieties from the INRA Clermont Ferrand barley program in France (CFL93-149 and CFL98-398) had high content of tocopherols and alkylresorcinols, whereas the variety Dicktoo was highest in dietary fiber content and phenolics. Positive correlations were found between 1000 kernel weight, alkylresorcinols, and tocols, as well as between dietary fiber content and phenolic compounds. The results demonstrate that the levels of phytochemicals in barley can likely be affected by breeding and that the contents of single phytochemicals may easily be adjusted by a right selection of a genotype.  相似文献   

Influence of electrode placement on effective field strength in the superficial digital flexor tendon of horses     

Lin YL  Moolenaar H  van Weeren PR  van de Lest CH 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(5):845-849

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the output of an electrical treatment device and the effective field strength in the superficial digital flexor tendon of horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: Cadaver horse forelimbs without visible defects (n = 8) and 1 live pony. PROCEDURE: Microcurrents were generated by a microcurrent electrical therapy device and applied in proximodistal, dorsopalmar, and mediolateral directions in the entire forelimbs, dissected tendons, and the pony with various output settings. Corresponding field strengths in the tendons were measured. RESULTS: A linear relationship was detected between current and field strength in all conditions and in all 3 directions. In dissected tendons, significant differences were detected among all 3 directions, with highest field strength in the proximodistal direction and lowest in the dorsopalmar direction. In the entire forelimbs, field strength in the proximodistal direction was significantly lower than in the mediolateral direction. Results in the pony were similar to those in the entire forelimbs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Electrode placement significantly affected field strength in the target tissue. Many surrounding structures caused considerable reduction of field strength in the target tissue. These factors should be taken into account when establishing protocols for electrical current-based therapeutic devices if these devices are proven clinically effective.  相似文献   

Elemental compositions of comet 81P/Wild 2 samples collected by Stardust     

Flynn GJ  Bleuet P  Borg J  Bradley JP  Brenker FE  Brennan S  Bridges J  Brownlee DE  Bullock ES  Burghammer M  Clark BC  Dai ZR  Daghlian CP  Djouadi Z  Fakra S  Ferroir T  Floss C  Franchi IA  Gainsforth Z  Gallien JP  Gillet P  Grant PG  Graham GA  Green SF  Grossemy F  Heck PR  Herzog GF  Hoppe P  Hörz F  Huth J  Ignatyev K  Ishii HA  Janssens K  Joswiak D  Kearsley AT  Khodja H  Lanzirotti A  Leitner J  Lemelle L  Leroux H  Luening K  Macpherson GJ  Marhas KK  Marcus MA  Matrajt G  Nakamura T  Nakamura-Messenger K  Nakano T  Newville M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5806):1731-1735

We measured the elemental compositions of material from 23 particles in aerogel and from residue in seven craters in aluminum foil that was collected during passage of the Stardust spacecraft through the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2. These particles are chemically heterogeneous at the largest size scale analyzed ( approximately 180 ng). The mean elemental composition of this Wild 2 material is consistent with the CI meteorite composition, which is thought to represent the bulk composition of the solar system, for the elements Mg, Si, Mn, Fe, and Ni to 35%, and for Ca and Ti to 60%. The elements Cu, Zn, and Ga appear enriched in this Wild 2 material, which suggests that the CI meteorites may not represent the solar system composition for these moderately volatile minor elements.  相似文献   

Coherent dynamics of coupled electron and nuclear spin qubits in diamond     

Childress L  Gurudev Dutt MV  Taylor JM  Zibrov AS  Jelezko F  Wrachtrup J  Hemmer PR  Lukin MD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5797):281-285

Understanding and controlling the complex environment of solid-state quantum bits is a central challenge in spintronics and quantum information science. Coherent manipulation of an individual electron spin associated with a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond was used to gain insight into its local environment. We show that this environment is effectively separated into a set of individual proximal 13C nuclear spins, which are coupled coherently to the electron spin, and the remainder of the 13C nuclear spins, which cause the loss of coherence. The proximal nuclear spins can be addressed and coupled individually because of quantum back-action from the electron, which modifies their energy levels and magnetic moments, effectively distinguishing them from the rest of the nuclei. These results open the door to coherent manipulation of individual isolated nuclear spins in a solid-state environment even at room temperature.  相似文献   

Effects of travoprost 0.004% compared with latanoprost 0.005% on the intraocular pressure of normal dogs     

Carvalho AB  Laus JL  Costa VP  Barros PS  Silveira PR 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2006,9(2):121-125

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of travoprost 0.004% and latanoprost 0.005% on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal dogs. METHODS: Twenty mixed breed dogs were randomized to two groups: latanoprost was used in group A and travoprost in group B. The drugs were instilled in the right eye of the dogs, whereas the left eye received placebo. Both drugs were instilled once a day at 8 am during 5 days. IOP measurements were made at 8 am, 10 am, 2 pm and 8 pm during the 5 days of treatment, the 3 days that preceded treatment, and 3 days following treatment. Presence of blepharospasm, miosis, anterior chamber flare, and conjunctival hyperemia were evaluated during the study. RESULTS: Mean IOP was significantly reduced in the eyes treated with both latanoprost and travoprost, when compared with the eyes treated with placebo (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean IOPs of eyes treated with latanoprost and travoprost at all time intervals during baseline, treatment, and recovery (P>0.05). On the fifth day of treatment and on the first day of the recovery period, a severe ocular hypotension was noted with both drugs, resulting in imprecise readings with the tonometer. Miosis and conjunctival hyperemia were observed in the treated eyes of both groups, whereas flare was noticed in one latanoprost-treated eye. CONCLUSION: Travoprost 0.004% significantly reduces the IOP in normal dogs. The hypotensive effect obtained with travoprost 0.004% is comparable to that obtained with latanoprost 0.005%.  相似文献