Doppler sonographic measurements of arterial blood flow and their repeatability in the equine foot during weight bearing and non-weight bearing     

K. L. HOFFMANN  A. K. W. WOOD  K. A. GRIFFITHS  D. L. EVANS  R. W. GILL  A. C. KIRBY 《Research in veterinary science》2001,70(3):199-203

In six normal adult horses, pulsed-wave Doppler sonographic inspections were made of the left and right lateral palmar proper digital artery (LPPDA) of each thoracic limb. Using a two-period, crossover design with repeated measures, each LPPDA was inspected on four occasions throughout the day over a 7 hour period and, on each occasion, with the limb weight bearing and non-weight bearing. In comparison with the observations made during weight bearing, there were significant increases (P<0.001) in blood-flow velocities when the limb was non-weight bearing. There was no relationship between blood velocities and the time of day, the order in which the inspections were made, resting heart rate, age of the horse, or hoof angle. In both weight bearing and nonweight bearing, the Doppler waveform demonstrated a systolic peak followed by at least two diastolic peaks and an end diastolic plateau. Horses that moved least during sonographic inspections had the lowest co-efficients variation.  相似文献   

The effects of antigenic competition on the efficacy of multivalent footrot vaccines     

CL SCHWARTZKOFF  JR EGERTON†  DJ STEWART‡  PR LEHRBACH§  TC ELLEMAN¶  PA HOYNE¶ 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(4):123-126

SUMMARY A multivalent footrot vaccine has been developed, containing pilus antigens produced in recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and representing all nine serogroups of Dichelobacter (Bacteroides) nodosus commonly recognised in the field. The responses of sheep to the multivalent vaccine have been compared with those to monovalent vaccines representing only a single serogroup. Antigenie competition between serogroups occurred in sheep immunised with the multivalent formulation, but high levels of protection were still achieved. The study showed that in multivalent footrot vaccines, antigenic competition is predominantly due to the presence of a family of immunologically-related pilus antigens rather than to interference by extraneous proteins.  相似文献   

Congenital malformation/absence of the left fourth aortic arch in a dog     

P R HOP WOOD  T L W ROTHWELL  R C C RATCLIFFE 《Australian veterinary journal》1987,64(7):218-220

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COXOFEMORAL ARTHROPATHY IN A CHAROLAIS HEIFER   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. K. W. WOOD M.V.Sc.    D. C. BLOOD M.V.Sc.  D. PRITCHARD B.V.Sc.  M.V.S. 《Australian veterinary journal》1974,50(6):275-276

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Effects of feeding lupin seed naturally infected with Phomopsis leptostromiformis to sheep and pigs     

J. G. ALLEN  M. J. DOLLING  T. M. ELLIS  H. G. MASTERS  H. G. PAYNE  G. SMITH  P. McR. WOOD 《Australian veterinary journal》1984,61(6):178-180

Lupin seed, 10% of which was naturally infected with Phomopsis leptostromiformis was obtained from 2 different sources and stored either conventionally, or in a warm and humid environment, for 45 weeks. Only very low levels of toxicity were apparent during the storage period and in the warm, humid environment the level of infection of P. leptostromiformis was gradually reduced and eventually eliminated. The 2 batches of infected seed, and non-infected lupin seed, were fed to sheep as sole rations for 40 weeks, or as part of feedlot rations for 10 weeks, and to baconer pigs as part of grower and finisher rations for 16 weeks. In the 40-week feeding trial mild lupinosis developed in sheep fed from one batch of infected seed, but there was no evidence of lupinosis in sheep fed the feedlot rations, or pigs fed the grower and finisher rations. It is suggested that lupin seed with levels of Phomopsis-infection of up to 10% could be safely fed to sheep and pigs under commercial conditions.  相似文献   

The Seismic Structure of the Sun     

DO Gough  AG Kosovichev  J Toomre  E Anderson  HM Antia  S Basu  B Chaboyer  SM Chitre  J Christensen-Dalsgaard  WA Dziembowski  A Eff-Darwich  JR Elliott  PM Giles  PR Goode  JA Guzik  JW Harvey  F Hill  JW Leibacher  MJPFG Monteiro  O Richard  T Sekii  H Shibahashi  M Takata  MJ Thompson  S Vauclair  SV Vorontsov 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1296-1300

Global Oscillation Network Group data reveal that the internal structure of the sun can be well represented by a calibrated standard model. However, immediately beneath the convection zone and at the edge of the energy-generating core, the sound-speed variation is somewhat smoother in the sun than it is in the model. This could be a consequence of chemical inhomogeneity that is too severe in the model, perhaps owing to inaccurate modeling of gravitational settling or to neglected macroscopic motion that may be present in the sun. Accurate knowledge of the sun's structure enables inferences to be made about the physics that controls the sun; for example, through the opacity, the equation of state, or wave motion. Those inferences can then be used elsewhere in astrophysics.  相似文献   

SOME SARAWAK SOILS     

T. W. W. WOOD  P. H. T. BECKETT 《European Journal of Soil Science》1961,12(2):218-233

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Potassium and magnesium in some Kenyan soils: their mineral sources and release to Ca-resin     

J. ONCHERE  K. W. T. GOULDING  I. G. WOOD  J. A. CATT 《European Journal of Soil Science》1989,40(3):621-634

Five soil types from Kenya were examined for their ability to release K and Mg to crops by extracting them with a calcium-saturated cation exchange resin, and for the mineral sources of K and Mg. Amounts and rates of release of exchangeable, short- and long-term reserves of K and Mg were determined. This was done for K before and after one, two and 10 wetting and drying (WD) cycles, designed to mimic the effect of the local climate on K release. The order of decreasing K and Mg contents of the soils was Muguga > > Katumani > Kampi-ya-Mawe (KYM) ∼ Ithookwe ∼ Kwale. In the case of K, wetting and drying increased the exchangeable fraction in all of the soils. The Muguga, Ithookwe and KYM soils have the capacity to release a great deal of K in the long-term, but at very different rates; the Kwale soil has few reserves and fixes K on WD.
The K and Mg contents of the soils were closely related to the mica contents of the clay + silt fractions. Exchangeable and non-exchangeable K was released from soil micas primarily by ion exchange, with some contribution to non-exchangeable K from dissolution. Release of exchangeable Mg was primarily by ion exchange, whilst that of non-exchangeable matrix Mg was by dissolution of trioctahedral mica in the clay + silt and the sand fractions of the soils. Response would be expected only to K fertilizers and only with the Kwale soil. However, all the other soils should, in the interests of good husbandry, receive maintenance dressings of K and Mg at convenient times in the crop rotation.  相似文献   

A survey of beef cattle farmers in New Zealand,examining management practices of primiparous breeding heifers     

RE Hickson  WJ Anderson  PR Kenyon  N Lopez-Villalobos  ST Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):176-183

AIM: To obtain an estimate of the incidence of assistance at calving in primiparous (first-calving) beef heifers and the prevalence of breeding heifers at 15 months of age in New Zealand in 2006,and to identify factors contributing to farmers' decisions regarding breeding strategies for heifers, using a survey of beef cattle farmers.

METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to farmers listed in a Massey University database and to members of selected breed societies, as well as published in an industry newspaper; 331 valid responses were received. Information was gathered on the age and number of primiparous heifers, number of heifers assisted, and the importance of various reasons for and against breeding heifers at 15 months of age. Respondents were also required to outline the criteria used for selecting bulls to join with heifers, and the strategies used to manage dystocia in primiparous heifers.

RESULTS: Sixty-five (95% CI=58–71)% of respondents had only 2-year-old primiparous heifers in 2006, whilst a further 11 (95% CI=8–16)% had both 2- and 3-year-old primiparous heifers. The mean reported incidence of assisted calving was 7.0 (95% CI=6.4–7.5)% for 2-year-old primiparous heifers and 1.7 (95% CI=1.2–2.2)% for 3-year-old primiparous heifers. The reported incidence of assistance at calving within individual herdsranged from 0 to 100% for 2-year-old heifers. Respondents with bull-breeding herds most commonly observed their primiparous 2-year-old heifers twice daily, whilst respondents with commercial herds most commonly observed them once daily during calving. The most important reason for breeding heifers at 15 months of age was “increased profit”, whereas the most important reason for not breeding them at that age was “concern about rebreeding performance of 2-year-old heifers”. Estimated breeding value (EBV) for birth weight was the factor considered most frequently when selecting bulls to join with maiden heifers; age of bull and body shape of bull were the next most frequently considered factors. Selection of an appropriate bull was the most common strategy used to manage dystocia in 2-year-old beef heifers.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of respondents calved their heifers at 2 years of age, and “increased profit” was the primary motivator. Concern about the rebreeding performance of 2-year-old heifers was the most important reason among the remainder of respondents for not breeding heifers at 15 months of age. Dystocia in 2-year-old heifers was “not a problem” or “a minorproblem” in most herds, but there was much variation amongst herds.  相似文献   

Prevalence and clonal diversity of Campylobacter jejuni from dairy farms and urban sources     

B Adhikari  JH Connolly  P Madie  PR Davies 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):378-383

AIM: To investigate the role of free-living animals such as spar- rows, rodents and flies as potential reservoirs of Campylobacter spp on a dairy farm, and to assess the genetic diversity among Campylobacter isolates from the farm and an urban source.

METHODS: A total of 290 samples (bovine, passerine and ro- dent faeces, and whole flies) were collected from a large com- mercial dairy farm in the Manawatu district in New Zealand, and from faeces from urban sparrows in a nearby city. Other samples collected from the dairy farm included five from silage, two from aprons worn by workers during milking, two from workers' boots and two from water in troughs in a paddock. Isolates of thermophilic Campylobacter spp were identified mor- phologically and phenotypically and further characterised mo- lecularly using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the restriction enzyme SmaI.

RESULTS: Campylobacter jejuni was the only Campylobacter species isolated from all samples. The highest prevalence was found in faeces from dairy cows (54%), followed by faeces from sparrows from the urban area (40%) and the farm (38%), and from rodents (11%) and whole flies (9%). Other samples from the farm environment such as silage, trough water, and work- ers' aprons and boots were also positive for C. jejuni. Of the 22 restriction patterns obtained, seven were common to more than one source.

CONCLUSIONS: Cattle, sparrows, rodents and flies are po- tential reservoirs of C. jejuni on dairy farms. Identical clones of C. jejuni carried by cattle, sparrows, flies and rodents prob- ably indicate a common source of infection. The high level of asymptomatic carriage of C. jejuni by healthy dairy cows could be sufficient to maintain infections within the dairy farm sur- roundings via environmental contamination.  相似文献