Mycoparasitic Trichoderma viride as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. adzuki and Pythium arrhenomanes and as a growth promoter of soybean     

Rojan P. John  R.D. Tyagi  D. Prévost  Satinder K. Brar  Stéphan Pouleur  R.Y. Surampalli 《Crop Protection》2010

Trichoderma viride was proved as an effective biocontrol agent against two fungal pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. adzuki and Pythium arrhenomanes, infecting soybean. During an in vitro biocontrol test, Trichoderma showed mycoparasitism and destructive control against the tested fungal pathogens. Both the pathogens significantly influence the germination and P. arrhenomanes had a severe effect (only 5% germination). The root system of the soybean plant was poorly developed due to the infection and it exerted a negative influence on the nodulation and further growth phases of the plant. During pot assay along with biocontrol activity, Trichoderma showed growth promoting action on the soybean plant. Trichoderma enhanced growth of shoot and root systems and fruit yield after 12 weeks of growth. Pythium and Fusarium infected plants treated with Trichoderma had ∼194% and 141% more height than pathogens alone. The fruit yield treated with Trichoderma was ∼66 per plant whereas the yield was only 41 for a control plant. The plants infected with Pythium and Fusarium and treated with Trichoderma had fruit yields of 43 and 53 respectively and those were 5 and 1.6 times higher than plants infected with pathogens.  相似文献   

Development of introgression lines of an Indica-type rice variety, IR64, for unique agronomic traits and detection of the responsible chromosomal regions     

Daisuke Fujita  Rizza E. Santos  Leodegario A. Ebron  Mary J. Telebanco-Yanoria  Hiroshi Kato  Sohei Kobayashi  Yusaku Uga  Etsuko Araki  Toshiyuki Takai  Hiroshi Tsunematsu  Tokio Imbe  Gurdev S. Khush  Darshan S. Brar  Yoshimichi Fukuta  Nobuya Kobayashi   《Field Crops Research》2009,114(2):244-254

A total of 334 introgression lines (INLs: BC₃-derived lines) derived from crosses between a recurrent parent of Indica rice cultivar IR64 and 10 donor parents, including new plant type (NPT) lines IR65600-87-2-2-3, IR65598-112-2, IR65564-2-2-3, IR69093-41-2-3-2, IR69125-25-3-1-1, Hoshiaoba, IR66215-44-2-3, IR68522-10-2-2, IR71195-AC1, and IR66750-6-2-1, have been developed. These INLs with IR64 genetic background were characterized for eight agronomic traits: days to heading, culm length, leaf width, leaf length, panicle length, panicle number, 100-grain weight, and total spikelet number per panicle at the International Rice Research Institute from 2005 to 2007. To identify introgressed segments from the donor parents, genotypes of the 334 INLs were detected using more than 200 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. These segments detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 were commonly introgressed across the INLs from more than four donor varieties. Based on the data of phenotype and genotype for the 334 INLs, associations between agronomic traits and introgressed chromosomal segments in the 334 INLs were investigated. A total of 54 regions for the eight traits were detected: seven regions for days to heading, eight regions for culm length, eight regions for leaf width, four regions for leaf length, six regions for panicle length, three regions for panicle number per plant, seven regions for 100-grain weight, and 11 regions for total spikelet number per panicle. Among them, the region on the long arm of chromosome 4 was associated with characteristics of the NPT such as long leaf, broad leaf, and high spikelet number. The developed 334 INLs with the IR64 genetic background will be useful materials for genetic analysis of agronomic traits.  相似文献   

Estimation of endogenous levels of osteopontin,total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde in seminal plasma: Application for fertility assessment in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls          下载免费PDF全文

P Kumar  D Kumar  A Bharadwaj  PS Yadav 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(2):221-226

This study was attempted to identify subfertile bulls by quantifying the endogenous levels of osteopontin (OPN), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in seminal plasma of buffalo bulls. On the basis of conception rate, buffalo bulls were classified into two groups: high‐fertile (conception rate >50%) and subfertile bulls (conception rate <40%). A total of 100 ejaculates (10 ejaculates from each bull) were collected through artificial vagina method. The concentration of OPN, TAC and catalase (CAT) of high‐fertile bulls was found to be higher (p < .05) than that of subfertile bulls. Further, MDA level in seminal plasma was found to be lower (p < .05) in high‐fertile bulls compared with subfertile bulls. The fertility status had no effect on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration in seminal plasma of both the groups. The levels of OPN (r = .678, p = 0.013) and TAC (r = .648, p = .042) were found to be positively correlated with bull fertility and the level of MDA (r = ?.718, p = .019) was found to be negatively correlated with bull fertility. However, the fertility of bulls was not found to be significantly correlated with SOD, CAT and sperm motility. In conclusion, seminal OPN, TAC and MDA tended to be more realistic in identification of subfertile bulls from breeding herds.  相似文献   

The kinetic disposition and dosage regimen for carbenicillin in buffalo calves     

M. S. Bal  K. S. Brar 《Veterinary research communications》1989,13(5):389-394

The distribution half-life, elimination half-life, apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance of carbenicillin in healthy buffalo calves following a single intravenous administration (50 mg/kg) were 0.057±0.005 h, 1.688±0.11 h, 0.185±0.021 L kg^-1 and 75.97±6.519 ml kg^-1 h^-1 respectively. A satisfactory dosage regimen for carbenicillin in buffalo calves was calculated to be 56 mg/kg followed by 52 mg/kg body weight repeated at 6 h intervals.  相似文献   

An outbreak of bacillary haemoglobinuria in sheep in India     

S. S. Randhawa  D. K. Sharma  C. S. Randhawa  B. S. Gill  R. S. Brar  J. Singh 《Tropical animal health and production》1995,27(1):31-36

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Uroperitoneum associated with ruptured urinary bladder in a postpartum mare     

PA JONES  PS SERTICH  JK JOHNSTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(5):354-358

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Gap Filling Through Transplanting in Maize during Winter     

R. K. Sharma    H. S. Brar    A. S. Khehra  B. S. Dhillon 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1989,162(3):145-148

Experiments were conducted for three years at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to examine the possibility of filling the gaps through transplanting in maize ( Zea mays L.) in winter season. One and two gaps were made after every four plants and than filled through transplanting seedlings of same age as that of direct sown crop and 10 and 20 days older. The filling of one gap by using 10 days older seedlings yielded as high as control (direct sown crop with no gaps). The filling of one and two gaps by transplanting same age and 10 days older seedlings yielded equally good. The gap filling with 20 days older seedlings gave very poor grain yield.  相似文献   

Inheritance of protein content and its correlation with grain yield in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)     

B. S. Dahiya  J. S. Brar  B. S. Bhullar 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1977,27(3-4):327-334

Four lines of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) ware selected for variability in protein content and were used as parents in crosses. The F₂ mean protein contents were generally between the parents, but slightly closer to the low-protein parent. Reciprocal differences in protein of F₁ seeds and its absence in F₂ seeds showed that the maternal genotypes controlled protein content.The broad sense heritability estimates varied from 34 to 62 per cent in different crosses. These low and variable values indicate high environmental-influence on protein content and relatively low additive genetic variance. A minimum of 3 or 4 genes control protein content. Low protein was partially dominant over high protein.Grain yield and protein content were negatively correlated in F₂ plants from crosses between low and high protein lines. Grain yield and protein yield were highly correlated. It is suggested that for total protein production per unit area efforts should be directed towards increased seed yield while maintaining per cent protein near average levels rather than by selecting for high protein in the grains alone.

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Zusammenfassung Vier Linien der Strauch- oder Taubenerbse (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Milsp.) wurden auf Variabilität des Eiweißgehalts ausgelesen und als Eltern für Kreuzungen benutzt. Die F₂-Generation mit mittleren Eiweißgehalten lag im allgemeinen zwischen den Eltern aber doch etwas näher an den Eltern mit niedrigen Eiweißgehalten. Reziproke Verschiedenheiten im Eiweiß der F₁-Samenkörner und seine Abwesenheit im F₂-Samen zeigte, daß der Genotyp der Mutter die Höhe des Eiweißgehalts kontrolliert.Die breitgefächerten Vererbungen zeigen Variationen von 34 zu 62 % bei verschiedenen Kreuzungen. Diese niedrigen und variablen Werte zeigen den großen Einfluß der Umweltfaktoren auf den Eiweißgehalt und relativ wenig additive genetische Varianz. Nur ein Minimum von 3 oder 4 Genen kontrolliert die Höhe des Eiweißgehalts. Niedriger Eiweißgehalt war teilweise dominant über hohen.Samenertrag und Eiweißgehalt waren in F₂-Pflanzen negativ korreliert und zwar bei Kreuzungen zwischen Linien mit niedrigen und hohen Eiweißgehalten. Samenertrag und Eiweißertrag waren hochkorreliert. Es müssen zur Eiweißproduktion je Flächeneinheit Anstrengungen gemacht werden, um höhere Samenerträge zu erzielen, wobei der Eiweißgehalt eher nahe eines mittleren Wertes gehalten werden sollte als durch Selektrion hohe Eiweißgehalte in den Körnern zu gewinnen.

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A part of the All India Co-ordinated Research project for improvement of Pulses, financed by Indian council of Agricultural Research.  相似文献   

Plasma Antimullerian Hormone as a Predictor of Ovarian Antral Follicular Population in Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Holstein) Heifers     

EOS Batista  GG Macedo  RV Sala  MDDV Ortolan  MF Sá Filho  TA Del Valle  EF Jesus  RNVR Lopes  FP Rennó  PS Baruselli 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(3):448-452

In Bos taurus cattle, antimullerian hormone (AMH) has been demonstrated to have a high degree of correlation with ovarian antral follicle count and the number of healthy follicles and oocytes. To document the correlation between the plasma concentration of AMH and follicular number in Bos indicus and Bos taurus heifers, Nelore (Bos indicus, n = 16) and Holstein heifers (Bos taurus, n = 16) had their ovarian follicular waves synchronized. After synchronization, ovarian antral follicular population (AFP) was evaluated three times at 60‐day (d) intervals (T‐120 d, 120 days before plasma AMH determination; T‐60 d, 60 days before; and T0, at the time of plasma AMH determination). The plasma AMH concentration was positively correlated with the number of ovarian follicles on the day of the follicular wave emergence in Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers at each evaluation time (p < 0.05). The AFP was higher in Bos indicus (Nelore) than in Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers (p < 0.05). Similarly, the AMH concentration was higher in Bos indicus (Nelore) than in Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers (p < 0.0001). When heifers were classified as to present high or low AFP according to the mean of the AFP within each genetic group, high‐AFP heifers presented a greater (p < 0.0001) AMH concentration than low‐AFP heifers, regardless of the genetic group. In conclusion, the AFP is positively correlated with plasma AMH concentration in both Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers. Furthermore, Bos indicus (Nelore) heifers presented both greater plasma AMH concentrations and AFP than Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers.  相似文献   

Drought Resistant Rice： an Integrated Crop Improvement Strategy     

Rice physiological sensitivity to drought  its impact on crop productivity in water-limited environments are well-documented 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):211-212

Rice physiological sensitivity to drought and its impact on crop productivity in water-limited environments are well-documented （O＇Toole, 2004）. However, rice yields in drought-prone rainfed lowlands and most upland areas remain low and the current challenges are to reduce yield gaps observed between experimental plots and farmers＇ fields, and to increase rice water productivity to economic levels （Bennett, 2003; Pandey et al., 2007）. The unpredictability of drought and its inherent complexity have made it difficult to characterize component traits required for improved performance, hindering the breeding efforts to enhance drought resistance.  相似文献