Identification of RAPD‐SCAR marker linked to white spot syndrome virus resistance in populations of giant black tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon Fabricius     

S Dutta  S Biswas  K Mukherjee  U Chakrabarty  A Mallik  N Mandal 《Journal of fish diseases》2014,37(5):471-480

White spot disease (WSD) caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) creates severe epizootics in shrimp aquaculture industry worldwide. Despite several efforts, no such permanent remedy was yet developed. Selective breeding using DNA markers would be a cost‐effective strategy for long‐term solution of this problem. In the present investigation, out of 30 random primers, only one primer produced a statistically significant (P < 0.01) randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker of 502 bp, which provided a good discrimination between disease resistant and disease susceptible populations of Penaeus monodon from three geographical locations along the East coast of India. Because RAPD markers are dominant, a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker was developed by cloning and sequencing of 502 bp RAPD fragment, which generates a single 457 bp DNA fragment after PCR amplification only in the disease resistant shrimps. Challenge experiment was also conducted to validate this 457 bp SCAR marker, and the results suggested that the WSSV loads were 2.25 × 10³ fold higher in disease susceptible than that in disease resistant shrimps using real‐time PCR. Therefore, this 457 bp DNA SCAR marker will be very valuable towards the development of disease‐free shrimp aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

A Microsatellite DNA Marker Developed for Identifying Disease‐resistant Population of Giant Black Tiger Shrimp,Penaeus monodon     

Kuntal Mukherjee  Nripendranath Mandal 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(2):274-280

White spot disease caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) poses major problems that result in huge economic losses each year in shrimp aquaculture throughout the world. In the present study, microsatellite‐based DNA fingerprints have been compared between naturally occurring WSSV disease‐resistant and susceptible populations of giant black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, to find DNA markers. For the first time, we report here a microsatellite locus, which, after amplification by polymerase chain reaction, provides a highly statistically significant DNA fingerprint of 71 bp, only in disease susceptible populations but not in disease‐resistant shrimp populations, whereas a 317 bp band is common in both. The absence of the former DNA marker will be very useful to identify disease‐resistant broodstock of P. monodon for marker‐assisted selection in breeding programs to generate disease‐free shrimps (P. monodon) in the aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

Evaluation of animal models to explore the influence of maternal genetic and maternal permanent environment effect on reproductive performance of Jersey crossbred cattle     

Anshuman Kumar  Ajoy Mandal 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(3):511-518

The present study was conducted on 1,002 reproductive records of 430 Jersey crossbred cattle, descended from 57 sires and 198 dams, maintained at the Eastern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India to investigate the influence of direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effect on three most important reproductive traits viz., number of service per conception (NSPC), days open (DO) and calving interval (CI) of Jersey crossbred cattle. Six single-trait animal models (including or excluding maternal genetic or permanent environmental effects) were fitted to analyse these traits, and the best model was chosen after testing the significant increase in the log-likelihood values when additional parameters were added in the model. Direct heritability estimates for NSPC, DO and CI from the best model were 0.10, 0.14 and 0.20, respectively. The maternal permanent environmental (c²) effects on reproductive traits accounted for almost negligible fraction of the total phenotypic variance in this study. The maternal genetic effects (m²) also contributed very little (0%–3%) to the total phenotypic variance except for CI where it was important and accounted for 20% of phenotypic variance. A significantly large negative genetic correlation was observed between direct and maternal genetic effects for all traits, suggesting the presence of antagonistic relationship between dam's direct additive component and daughter's additive genetic component. Results suggest that both direct and maternal effects were important only for CI but not for other traits. Therefore, both direct additive effects and maternal genetic effect need to be considered for improving this trait by selection.  相似文献   

Interaction between Notch and Hif-alpha in development and survival of Drosophila blood cells     

Mukherjee T  Kim WS  Mandal L  Banerjee U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6034):1210-1213

A blood cell type termed crystal cell in Drosophila functions in clotting and wound healing and requires Notch for specification and maintenance. We report that crystal cells express elevated levels of Sima protein orthologous to mammalian hypoxia-inducible factor-α (Hif-α) even under conditions of normal oxygen availability. In these platelet-like crystal cells, Sima activates full-length Notch receptor signaling via a noncanonical, ligand-independent mechanism that promotes hemocyte survival during both normal hematopoietic development and hypoxic stress. This interaction initiates in early endosomes, is independent of Hif-β (Τangο in Drosophila), and does not activate hypoxia response targets. Studies in vertebrate myeloid cells have shown a similar up-regulation of Hif-α protein in well-oxygenated environments. This study provides a mechanistic paradigm for Hif-α/Notch interaction that may be conserved in mammals.  相似文献   

Screening and Evaluation of Somaclonal Variations for Quantitative and Qualitative Traits in an Aromatic Grass,Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt*     

A. K. Mathur  P. S. Ahuja  B. Pandey  A. K. Kukreja  S. Mandal 《Plant Breeding》1988,101(4):321-334

A procedure has been established for high frequency, long-term plant regeneration from leaf sheath-derived callus cultures a- Citronella Java, variety ‘Jorhat’. A total of 600 plants were successfully transferred to the glass house, and subsequently 500 of these were shifted to the field in TWO batches of 250 plants each. From amongst 230 plants of the firs; hatch, on which data were recorded, extensive somaclonal variations were observed for seven agronomic traits, viz., herbage yield, tiller number, diameter of the bush, length and area of the longest leaf, fresh and’ dry weight ratio and oil content. In addition, variations were also recorded for six major constituents of the essential oil pool, i.e., citronellal, citronellol, geraniol, citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate and elemol. Correlation analysis between agronomic traits revealed a significant negative correlation between oil content and herbage yield. Haw-ever, plants with higher herbage yield (> 3 fold) and oil content (> 1.5–2.0 fold) than the parent variety could be selected from amongst the variants. Furthermore, plants could be recovered with improved oil quality, possessing higher levels (> 1.5 fold) of desirable constituents of the oil like citronellal, citronellol, geraniol and geranyl acetate together with a reduced level (> 5 fold) of elemol which is an undesirable component of the citronella oil. Out of the 19 selected somaclones that were evaluated in a replicated trial with the donor parent as control, 5 lines have been further placed under multitocational trials for stability assessment. The scope of sormaclonal variation is discussed in the improvement of vegetatively propagated aromatic grasses that have a narrow genetic base.  相似文献   

Phytoextraction of arsenic contaminated soil by Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata): Effect on soil microbiological activities     

Asit Mandal  Tapan J. Purakayastha  Ashok K. Patra 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(8):1247-1252

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phytoextraction by Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) on microbial activity and biomass in arsenic-contaminated soil (naturally occurring arsenic-contaminated soils of West Bengal, India). P. vittata was grown for two successive growing cycles (4 months each) with two phosphate sources (di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and single superphosphate (SSP)). After phytoextraction by P. vittata, the rhizosphere soils were analyzed for microbial biomass C (MBC), C mineralization (C_min), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), phosphomonoesterase activities, and aryl sulphatase activity. All enzyme activities increased after two successive growing cycles of P. vittata as compared to one growing cycle and unplanted control. The arsenic (As) phytoextraction by this fern also increased the MBC by 34 %, C_min by 63 %, DHA by 38 %, acid phosphomonoesterase activity by 30 %, alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity by 6 %, and aryl-sulphatase activity by 33 % with two successive growing cycles over unplanted control. The di-ammonium phosphate was better as compared to single super phosphate for enhancing microbiological and biochemical parameters except phosphomonoesterase activities.  相似文献   

Geographical variation of total alkaloid and reserpine content in Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex. Kurz     

Gufran Usmani  Pravin H. Chawhaan  Yogeshwar Mishra  Abha Rani  Asim Kumar Mandal 《Euphytica》2015,202(3):427-434

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Long-term soil management effects on crop yields and soil quality in a dryland Alfisol   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

K.L. Sharma  Uttam Kumar Mandal  K. Srinivas  K.P.R. Vittal  Biswapati Mandal  J. Kusuma Grace  V. Ramesh 《Soil & Tillage Research》2005,83(2):246-259

A long-term experiment was conducted with the objective of selecting the appropriate land management treatments and to identify the key indicators of soil quality for dryland semi-arid tropical Alfisols. The experiment was conducted using a strip split–split plot design on an Alfisol (Typic Haplustalf) in southern India under sorghum (Sorghum vulgare (L))-castor (Ricinus communis (L)) bean rotation. The strip constituted two tillage treatments: conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT); main plots were three residues treatments: sorghum stover (SS), gliricidia loppings (GL), ‘no’ residue (NR) and sub plots were four nitrogen levels: 0 (N₀), 30 (N₃₀), 60 (N₆₀), and 90 kg ha⁻¹ (N₉₀). Soil samples were collected after the sixth and seventh year of experimentation and were analyzed for physical, chemical and biological parameters. Sustainable yield index (SYI) based on long-term yield data and soil quality index (SQI) using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear scoring functions were calculated. Application of gliricidia loppings proved superior to sorghum stover and no residue treatments in maintaining higher SQI values. Further, increasing N levels also helped in maintaining higher SQI. Among the 24 treatments, the SQI ranged from 0.90 to 1.27. The highest SQI was obtained in CTGLN₉₀ (1.27) followed by CTGLN₆₀ (1.19) and MTSSN₉₀ (1.18), while the lowest was under MTNRN₃₀ (0.90) followed by MTNRN₀ (0.94), indicating relatively less aggradative effects. The application of 90 kg N ha⁻¹ under minimum tillage even without applying any residue (MTNRN₉₀) proved quite effective in maintaining soil quality index as high as 1.10. The key indicators, which contributed considerably towards SQI, were available N, K, S, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and hydraulic conductivity (HC). On average, the order of relative contribution of these indicators towards SQI was: available N (32%), MBC (31%), available K (17%), HC (16%), and S (4%). Among the various treatments, CTGLN₉₀ not only had the highest SQI, but also the most promising from the viewpoint of sustainability, maintaining higher average yield levels under sorghum–castor rotation. From the view point of SYI, CT approach remained superior to MT. To maintain the yield as well as soil quality in Alfisols, primary tillage along with organic residue and nitrogen application are needed.  相似文献   

Effect of puddling intensity on temporal variation in soil physical conditions and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a Vertisol of central India     

M. Mohanty  D. K. Painuli  K. G. Mandal 《Soil & Tillage Research》2004,76(2):83-94

Puddling as well as no-puddling for growing transplanted and direct seeded rice, respectively, have their disadvantages as well as advantages on the physical condition of the soil and yield of rice. The soil that is more susceptible to changes in structure is easy to puddle. However, what should be the extent of puddling is not well established. Generally, farmers have a tendency to create a very fine puddle that actually may not be required. Keeping in view the current global emphasis on conservation of resources as well as reduction of the production cost to improve the economic gain of farmers, this study attempted to find out the influence of varying intensities of puddling on the soil physical condition and rice yield (cv. IR 36) in a Vertisol of central India. The study was conducted over two cropping seasons during year 2000 and 2001. Three puddling intensities i.e. no-puddling (P₀), and puddling by four (P₁) and eight (P₂) passes of a 5 hp power tiller were evaluated.

The aggregate mean weight diameter (AMWD) of soil (0–15 cm depth) for P₀ remained almost unchanged till harvest. At 15 days after puddling, AMWD in P₁ and P₂ compared to P₀ was less by 45 and 59% in the first year and by 60 and 69% in the second year, respectively. These values at harvest changed to 22 and 46% in the year 2000 and 28 and 43% in the year 2001, respectively. Soil bulk density (BD) and penetration resistance (PR) increased significantly from transplanting to harvest in puddled soil, but in unpuddled soil significant increase in PR only at the surface 0–7 cm layer was observed. Higher intensity of puddling favoured more soil wetness at harvest, as the puddled soil maintained 25% more water than P₀. Compared to P₁, P₂ showed an increase of 4.3, 10.3 and 7.7% in length, width and depth of cracks, respectively, while the increase in P₁ over P₀ in the same order was 35, 23.5 and 13.3%, respectively. Thus, crack dimensions (length, width and depth) were larger under high intensity of puddling. Water loss through seepage plus percolation was significantly higher in P₀ as compared to P₁ and P₂ and the higher intensity of puddling reduced the losses more. The grain yield of P₂ was slightly higher than P₁ but both were significantly above P₀. Higher grain yield resulted in 46 and 49% more water use efficiency under P₁ and P₂ than P₀, respectively. This 2-year study has shown that puddling beyond P₁ i.e., four passes of a 5 hp power tiller may not be required to obtain higher yield or other benefits in Vertisols having similar hydrology to that reported here. Puddling only to the required level will also deteriorate less the soil physical condition as compared to more intense puddling. The unpuddled direct seeded rice maintained the soil in a better physical condition but the yield was significantly lower in relation to the puddled ones.  相似文献   

Protein and oil rich wild horsegram     

Sangita Yadav  K.S. Negi  S. Mandal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(6):629-633

Protein and oil content were analysed for the seeds of the wild horsegram (IC 212722) belonging to the new species Macrotyloma sar-garhwalensis Gaur and Dangwal. Seed contains 38.37 ± 1.03% crude protein. More than 95% of the total nitrogen belongs to protein nitrogen. Contribution of albumin-globulin, glutelin and residual protein fraction to the total seed protein accounts for 75.27%, 17.52% and 7.19% respectively. The combined albumin-globulin protein (Lowrys protein) fraction of the IC 212722 seed protein contains 16.82% nitrogen, in comparison to 18.19%, 15.82%, 16.81% and 16.42% nitrogen found in a similar part of three cultivated lines of SK-2001, VLG-1, Raipur Local and standard protein (Bovine Albumin Fraction V, Sigma Chemical Co.), respectively studied in the present experiment. The true seed protein (34.88%) content of IC-212722 line was about two times higher than the other three-horsegram lines.IC 212722 line also contains 10.85 ± 0.16% ether extracted materials, in comparison to 0.80–1.47% materials found in the other three-horsegram lines.  相似文献