Bioactivity of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil and related monoterpenoids against sweet potato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci biotype B     

Baldin  Edson L. L.  Aguiar  Gabriela P.  Fanela  Thiago L. M.  Soares  Muriel C. E.  Groppo  Milton  Crotti  Antônio E. M. 《Journal of pest science》2015,88(1):191-199

Journal of Pest Science - The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), causes high economic losses in vegetables, beans, soybeans, peanuts, cotton, and...  相似文献   

Rotation and Magnetism of Earth's Inner Core   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GA Glatzmaier  PH Roberts 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5294):1887-1891

Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the geodynamo suggest that a super- rotation of Earth's solid inner core relative to the mantle is maintained by magnetic coupling between the inner core and an eastward thermal wind in the fluid outer core. This mechanism, which is analogous to a synchronous motor, also plays a fundamental role in the generation of Earth's magnetic field.  相似文献   

The status of the world's land and marine mammals: diversity, threat, and knowledge     

Schipper J  Chanson JS  Chiozza F  Cox NA  Hoffmann M  Katariya V  Lamoreux J  Rodrigues AS  Stuart SN  Temple HJ  Baillie J  Boitani L  Lacher TE  Mittermeier RA  Smith AT  Absolon D  Aguiar JM  Amori G  Bakkour N  Baldi R  Berridge RJ  Bielby J  Black PA  Blanc JJ  Brooks TM  Burton JA  Butynski TM  Catullo G  Chapman R  Cokeliss Z  Collen B  Conroy J  Cooke JG  da Fonseca GA  Derocher AE  Dublin HT  Duckworth JW  Emmons L  Emslie RH  Festa-Bianchet M  Foster M  Foster S  Garshelis DL  Gates C  Gimenez-Dixon M  Gonzalez S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5899):225-230

Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action.  相似文献   

Prospects for biodiversity conservation in the Atlantic Forest: Lessons from aging human-modified landscapes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marcelo Tabarelli  Antonio Venceslau Aguiar  Jean Paul Metzger 《Biological conservation》2010,143(10):2328-2340

Recent global assessments have shown the limited coverage of protected areas across tropical biotas, fuelling a growing interest in the potential conservation services provided by anthropogenic landscapes. Here we examine the geographic distribution of biological diversity in the Atlantic Forest of South America, synthesize the most conspicuous forest biodiversity responses to human disturbances, propose further conservation initiatives for this biota, and offer a range of general insights into the prospects of forest species persistence in human-modified tropical forest landscapes worldwide. At the biome scale, the most extensive pre-Columbian habitats across the Atlantic Forest ranged across elevations below 800 masl, which still concentrate most areas within the major centers of species endemism. Unfortunately, up to 88% of the original forest habitat has been lost, mainly across these low to intermediate elevations, whereas protected areas are clearly skewed towards high elevations above 1200 masl. At the landscape scale, most remaining Atlantic Forest cover is embedded within dynamic agro-mosaics including elements such as small forest fragments, early-to-late secondary forest patches and exotic tree monocultures. In this sort of aging or long-term modified landscapes, habitat fragmentation appears to effectively drive edge-dominated portions of forest fragments towards an early-successional system, greatly limiting the long-term persistence of forest-obligate and forest-dependent species. However, the extent to which forest habitats approach early-successional systems, thereby threatening the bulk of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity, depends on both past and present landscape configuration. Many elements of human-modified landscapes (e.g. patches of early-secondary forests and tree monocultures) may offer excellent conservation opportunities, but they cannot replace the conservation value of protected areas and hitherto unprotected large patches of old-growth forests. Finally, the biodiversity conservation services provided by anthropogenic landscapes across Atlantic Forest and other tropical forest regions can be significantly augmented by coupling biodiversity corridor initiatives with biota-scale attempts to plug existing gaps in the representativeness of protected areas.  相似文献   

Risk factors for overweight among Brazilian adolescents of low-income families: a case-control study     

Silveira D  Taddei JA  Escrivão MA  Oliveira FL  Ancona-Lopez F 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(4):421-428

OBJECTIVE: To study risk factors for overweight among Brazilian adolescents of low-income families. DESIGN: Case-control study of obese and non-obese adolescents. SETTING: Anthropometric survey including 1420 students (aged 14-19 years) attending a public high school in S?o Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Selection of 83 overweight (body mass index (BMI) >85th percentile) and 89 non-overweight (BMI >5th percentile and <85th percentile) subjects, frequency-matched by age, gender, pubertal development and socio-economic status. Among the nutritional, familial and behavioural data available, five covariates (parents' obesity, adolescents' past obesity, to have a best friend, dietary restriction and habit of napping) were included in the fitted hierarchical conditional logistic regression models. MEASUREMENTS: Parents or guardians and adolescents were weighed, measured and answered a pre-tested questionnaire applied by trained nutritionists and paediatricians. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 15.2%. As previous risks, obese parents and obesity during infancy presented odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 2.23 (1.15-4.35) and 3.60 (1.47-8.80), respectively. As concurrent factors, the habit of napping, to have a best friend and reported dietary restriction presented OR (95% CI) of 3.43 (1.32-8.92), 5.15 (1.76-15.07) and 7.26 (2.95-17.88), respectively. Dietary patterns, frequency of obesogenic foods and other physical activity indicators presented no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: In case-control studies, OR may overestimate the true risks. Parents' obesity and previous childhood obesity were identified as risk factors; therefore these factors should be the target for preventive programmes and policies in order to prevent the burden of obesity in the near future.  相似文献