Rapid detection of propiconazole and tebuconazole in wood by solid phase desorption: ion mobility spectrometry     

J. S. Rasmussen  C. Felby  S. Prasad  H. Schmidt  G. A. Eiceman 《Wood Science and Technology》2011,45(2):205-214

The durability of wood is improved by wood preservatives. Due to new environmental legislation, commonly used active ingredients such as chromium and arsenate are being replaced by alternative and more environmentally friendly preservatives. However, the alternative wood preservatives are more difficult to detect in the wood. Detection of the preservatives is necessary in order to monitor millwork production for qualitative assessment of the wood preservative uptake. The aim of this study is to examine the use of solid phase desorption-ion mobility spectrometry (SPD-IMS) can be used for rapid detection of the wood preservatives propiconazole and tebuconazole in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). The findings proved that SPD-IMS is capable of detecting and distinguishing wood preservatives directly from treated wood shavings. SPD-IMS requires no additional sample preparation or extraction of the wood sample. The findings show that SPD-IMS is a fast and easily applied method for direct detection of propiconazole and tebuconazole in small wood samples.  相似文献   

Indole-3-butyric acid accelerates adventitious root formation and impedes shoot growth of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii?×?P. caribaea var. hondurensis cuttings     

Mark A. Hunt  Stephen J. Trueman  Amanda Rasmussen 《New Forests》2011,41(3):349-360

Many plantation tree species are cloned to achieve the growth, disease resistance and wood quality characteristics required for a successful economic venture. However, clonal propagation is limited by declines in adventitious root formation with increasing stock plant age. We examined the effects of immediate or delayed IBA application on adventitious root formation and subsequent root and shoot development of cuttings harvested from 8-year-old clonal hedge plants of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii × P. caribaea var. hondurensis. IBA applied at the time of setting accelerated root formation, elevating the percentage of cuttings with roots at 13 weeks post-setting from 45 to 78% and from 83 to 93% for a low- and a high-rooting clone, respectively. Final rooting percentages for the same treatments and clones (78 and 85%, and 88 and 100%, respectively, at 20 weeks post-setting) were not significantly affected by IBA application. IBA increased the root:shoot ratio of rooted cuttings by decreasing shoot weight compared with untreated cuttings, without affecting root weight, root length, root surface area or root volume. IBA was only effective when applied at the time of setting. A simple IBA treatment for cuttings from 8-year-old clonal hedges, by accelerating root production, has potential for reducing nursery costs and increasing the root system quality of containerised pine cuttings.  相似文献   

Low compliance with recommendations on folic acid use in relation to pregnancy: is there a need for fortification?     

Knudsen VK  Orozova-Bekkevold I  Rasmussen LB  Mikkelsen TB  Michaelsen KF  Olsen SF 《Public health nutrition》2004,7(7):843-850

OBJECTIVE: As a means to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs), women planning pregnancy in Denmark are recommended to take a dietary supplement of 400 microg folic acid daily during the periconceptional period. We examined compliance with this recommendation in a national survey. DESIGN: Cohort study on pregnant women in Denmark. SETTING: The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). SUBJECTS: From November 2000 to February 2002, 22,000 pregnant women were recruited for DNBC. Use of dietary supplements was recorded at enrollment. Compliance with the recommendation was related to an information campaign that took place during the second half of 2001, and to lifestyle factors provided in a telephone interview by the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS: An increase was seen in the proportion of women complying with the recommendation in the study period and this coincided with the information campaign events. However, even at the end of the period, only 22.3% of the women who had planned their pregnancy fully complied with the recommendation. No increase at all was seen in periconceptional folic acid use among women with unplanned pregnancies. Young age, low education and smoking were identified as factors that determined non-compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Alternative and more effective strategies are needed if the Danish population is to benefit fully from the knowledge that folic acid prevents NTDs. Future strategies should not only target vulnerable groups, such as the less educated and the young, but also women who get pregnant without planning this. The only possible way to reach the last group may be through fortification of foods with folic acid.  相似文献   

The effect of autumn ridging and inter-row subsoiling on potato tuber yield and quality on a sandy soil in Denmark     

Christian Bugge Henriksen  Jens Peter Mlgaard  Jesper Rasmussen 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,93(2):309-315

Autumn ridging is a modified version of the ridge tillage system. Instead of setting up ridges during the growing season, they are established in autumn and left for the winter. Previous studies have documented positive effects of autumn ridging on potato yield and we hypothesized that subsoiling could enhance these effects. To determine the effect of autumn ridging and inter-row subsoiling on potato yield and quality a field experiment was conducted on sandy soil from 2001 to 2003. Autumn ridging resulted in an average total and marketable tuber yield of 25.6 and 9.2 t ha⁻¹, which was not significantly different from the average total and marketable yield of 25.6 and 8.9 t ha⁻¹ with ploughing. However, autumn ridging significantly reduced the incidence of black scurf from 2.5% to 2.2%. Inter-row subsoiling in the growing season significantly increased marketable potato tuber yield from 8.4 to 9.6 t ha⁻¹ and reduced the occurrence of malformed potatoes from 9.3% to 7.5%, irrespective of tillage treatment and irrigation level. There was no significant interaction between autumn ridging and subsoiling. The beneficial effect of subsoiling on marketable yield was driven by a 48.5% increase in the dry year of 2001. Subsoiling reduced the incidence of common scab from 7.8% to 6.9% when irrigation was reduced. It is concluded that at least three factors may modify the effects of subsoiling: Soil water status in the growing season, precipitation immediately before and after the subsoiling operation, and crop growth stage at the time of subsoiling.  相似文献   

Hypospadias in a Friesian gelding     

Brink P  Schumacher J 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(1):120-123

Objective: To report clinical signs and management of hypospadias in a horse. Study Design: Clinical report. Animal: A 6‐year‐old, Friesian gelding. Methods: Partial phallectomy was performed to resolve contact dermatitis of the pelvic limbs and abnormal behavior during urination. Subsequent urethral meatal stenosis was treated by revision. Results: Hypospadias and chordee caused altered direction of urine flow, contact dermatitis of the pelvic limbs, and abnormal behavior. Partial phallectomy and subsequent revision after meatal stenosis resolved urine direction, flow and abnormal behavior. Conclusions: Abnormalities of the urinary tract associated with hypospadias can result in urine‐induced, contact dermatitis and distress during urination, but these complications can be resolved by partial phallectomy.  相似文献   

The impact of trophy hunting on lions (Panthera leo) and other large carnivores in the Bénoué Complex, northern Cameroon     

B.M. Croes  P.J. Funston  G. Rasmussen  R. Buij  A. Saleh  P.N. Tumenta  H.H. de Iongh 《Biological conservation》2011,144(12):3064-3072

In West and Central Africa large carnivores have become increasingly rare as a consequence of rapid habitat destruction and lack of resources for protected area management. The Bénoué Complex (23,394 km²) in northern Cameroon is a regionally critical area for large mammal conservation. In the complex lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are formally protected in three national parks and 28 hunting zones. Over-hunting may be having a strong additive effect precipitating declines in large carnivore numbers across the complex. We used a coarse level track index method to estimate the relative abundance of these three species both in hunting zones and national parks. The results were interpreted with respect to ungulate abundance, and hunting impact. There was no significant difference between the densities of medium to larger species of ungulates in the hunting zones and the national parks, and no difference in leopard and spotted hyena densities in the respective areas. However, lions occurred at significantly lower densities in the hunting zones, and even in the national parks occurred at significantly lower densities than prey biomass would predict.  相似文献   

Renal and mammary excretion of trimethoprim in goats     

F Rasmussen 《The Veterinary record》1970,87(1):14-18

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Anemia and Growth Retardation in Totally Gastrectomized Swine     

Svend Petri  Folke Rasmussen  Claus Petri 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1980,21(2):197

The effects of total gastrectomy in six young swine were followed and described during an experimental period up to 18 months. Two of the gastrectomized pigs (Nos. 1 and 2) were medicated with cycobemin every second week. Two other gastrectomized pigs (Nos. 11 and 14) were medicated with iron-dextran twice a week. Three non-gastrectomized swine receiving the same feed as the gastrectomized animals were observed as controls for up to eight months.One of the gastrectomized non-medicated pigs (No. 4) did not gain weight, while the other gastrectomized animals had a normal appearance and gained weight but less than the controls. The non-medicated as well as the cycobemin-medicated gastrectomized animals developed a microcytic hypochrome anemia corresponding to the anemia in iron deficiency. Histochemically loss of iron in the depots (liver, spleen, bone marrow and intestine) was demonstrated in the gastrectomized animals except those treated with iron-dextran. Histological and histochemical examinations of the nervous system did not show any abnormalities.  相似文献   

Porcine nephropathy induced by long-term ingestion of ochratoxin A.     

P Krogh  F Elling  C Friis  B Hald  A E Larsen  E B Lilleh?j  A Madsen  H P Mortensen  F Rasmussen  U Ravnskov 《Veterinary pathology》1979,16(4):466-475

Nine pigs were fed crystalline ochratoxin A in their feed at a concentration of about 1 mg/kg. Three pigs and their controls were killed after 3 months and 6 pigs and controls were killed after 2 years. A decrease of the ratio TmPAH/CIn, increased urinary glucose excretion and decreased ability to concentrate urine, occurred within a few weeks and aggravated slightly during the 2-year period. Changes in renal structure, characterized by degeneration and atrophy of proximal tubules, interstitial fibrosis and hyalinization of glomeruli, were progressive during time of exposure, but terminal renal failure was not reached. The kidney, liver, muscular and adipose tissue contained 3 to 27 microgram ochratoxin A/kg after 3 months of exposure. No further accumulation of ochratoxin A residue was found after 2 years of exposure.  相似文献   

Active mammary excretion of N4-acetylated sulphanilamide     

F Rasmussen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1969,10(4):402-403

After administration of sulphanilamide to goats and cows, sulphanilamide is excreted into milk. The concentrations of sulphanilamide in ultrafiltrate of milk (M. Ultr.) and blood plasma (P. Ultr.) are equal and the ratio M. Ultr./P. Ultr. is 1.0. The pK_a of sulphanilamide is 10.4 and thus, sulphanilamide is un-ionized in both milk and blood plasma. Therefore, sulphanilamide is excreted into milk in accordance to the theory of passive diffusion of the non-protein-bound and un-ionized fraction in blood plasma (Rasmussen 1958, 1966; Miller et al. 1967). A similar ratio was expected for acetylated sulphanilamide with a pK_a of 10.3. However, the concentration of the acetylated derivative is always found higher in milk than in plasma. This might be due to formation of acetylated sulphanilamide in the mammary tissue, as demonstrated by Rasmussen & Linzell (1967) or active excretion of the compound just as in the case of N⁴-acetylated p-aminohip-puric acid (Rasmussen 1969).  相似文献