Efficacy of the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin against Bactrocera oleae populations from Greece, and improved diagnostic for an iAChE mutation     

Margaritopoulos JT  Skavdis G  Kalogiannis N  Nikou D  Morou E  Skouras PJ  Tsitsipis JA  Vontas J 《Pest management science》2008,64(9):900-908

BACKGROUND: The most important pest of olive orchards worldwide is the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin). Its control in Greece has been based on organophosphates (OPs), but their intense use has led to the development of resistance. A test previously developed to monitor the trait may not be as robust as originally thought. The pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin has recently been registered for bait sprays, as an alternative to OPs. RESULTS: The susceptibility of 20 B. oleae populations to alpha-cypermethrin was examined. Variation was observed in their response, with LD(50) ranging from 0.14 to 3.28 ng insect(-1) and resistance factors from 2.3 to 54.7. Resistance mechanisms were investigated. Cytochrome P450 monoxygenase activities showed an association with resistance. Sequences in the domain IIS4-IIS6 of the B. oleae para-type sodium channel were also analysed, but no resistance-associated mutations were identified. Finally, a novel diagnostic assay able to reliably monitor the frequency of the iAChE G488S resistance mutation was developed. CONCLUSION: This is the first attempt to evaluate the efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin against B. oleae from Greece. Data showed that it can be used effectively, but also highlighted the importance of continuous monitoring. The IIS4-IIS6 sodium channel region is the default area in which to look for resistance mutations if target-site resistance to pyrethroids arises. The application of the novel iAChE molecular diagnostic may facilitate the introduction of pyrethroids alongside OPs currently in use.  相似文献   

Time-mortality relationships of larvae and adults of grain beetles exposed to extreme cold     

Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos  Georgia Z. PrasodimouAikaterini V. Pouliou 《Crop Protection》2011,30(8):1097-1102

Mortality effects of low temperature exposure to −16 °C were investigated on larvae and adults of the grain beetles Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) and Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), in the laboratory. The main effects and interactions of exposure time (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h), developmental stage (larva and adult) and individual’s age (young and old) were examined. After 4 h of exposure 100% mortality has been achieved in most of the treatments. The only exceptions were that of old larvae of T. granarium and O. surinamensis, and adults of T. granarium which needed 48, 8, and 24 h, respectively. T. granarium was the most cold-hardy species irrespective of developmental stage, and age, followed in decreasing order by O. surinamensis and T. confusum. Younger adults were generally more susceptible to cold in the cases of O. surinamensis and T. confusum. On the contrary, older adults of T. granarium suffered higher mortality than younger ones. Larvae of T. granarium were generally more cold-tolerant than adults but the opposite pattern was observed in O. surinamensis and T. confusum. Main effects of exposure time, developmental stage and individual’s age on mortality proved to be significant for all species, with the exception of T. granarium where the effect of developmental stage proved to be insignificant. Lethal time values were estimated via probit analysis. Values of LT₅₀ ranged between 0.7 and 1.0 h for T. confusum, 0.7-1.9 h for O. surinamensis and 1.2-3.4 h for T. granarium. Our results are discussed with findings from relevant studies and the possibility of including extreme cooling to IPM programs against stored product pests is investigated.  相似文献   

An experimental simulation of moisture distribution and its uniformity within the soil profile under laboratory conditions     

Ioannis?GravalosEmail author  Anastasios?Georgiadis  Dimitrios?Kateris  Theodoros?Gialamas  Evagelos?Bompolas  Zisis?Tsiropoulos  Avgoustinos?Avgoustis  Panagiotis?Xyradakis 《Precision Agriculture》2017,18(1):19-36

This research is a study on the relationship of irrigation water treatments and soil moisture distribution uniformity (DU). Soil moisture distribution was based on long-term data sets that were collected using a novel electromagnetic sensor-based platform moving inside sub-surface horizontal access-tubes. The research was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions in a soil tank. The irrigation treatments regarding two case studies under dry and wet soil conditions (from permanent wilting point to field capacity) were conducted for a period of 115 and 110 days respectively. In dry soil conditions, the irrigation water treatments strongly affect the DU of soil moisture that can be achieved constantly using non-uniform irrigation treatments. In contrast, the DU of soil moisture in wet soil conditions was maintained at a high percentage and was slightly affected by irrigation treatments. However, obtaining accurate soil moisture information at a large scale over a long period can be used to improve water use efficiency.  相似文献   

Effect of synthetic insecticides on the larvae of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coccinella septempunctata</Emphasis> from Greek populations     

Panagiotis J. Skouras  George J. Stathas  Costas Ch. Voudouris  Anastasios I. Darras  John A. Tsitsipis  John T. Margaritopoulos 《Phytoparasitica》2017,45(2):165-173

Coccinella septempunctata L. is one of the most abundant ladybird species in Greece, preying on several aphid species and other arthropods, of which many are pests of cultivated plants. These pests are usually controlled with chemical insecticides. During this process, however, beneficials are also exposed to pesticides. The development of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs against aphids requires the evaluation of the effects of insecticides on beneficial insects. We evaluated the LD₅₀ of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, bifenthrin and deltamethrin on first, second, third and fourth instar larvae of C. septempunctata by topical application. Moreover, we studied their sublethal effects (LD₁₀) on the development, weight and prey consumption of fourth instar larvae. The topical application bioassays showed that deltamethrin and bifenthrin were highly toxic to all larval instars, whereas imidacloprid and acetamiprid were less toxic to fourth instar larvae. The LD₁₀ dose significantly affected, developmental time, adult weight and daily predation. These results show the importance of assessing potential effect of insecticides on C. septempunctata for developing effective IPM programs of aphids in Greece.  相似文献   

Comparison of biuret and refractometry methods for the serum total proteins measurement in ruminants          下载免费PDF全文

Panagiotis D. Katsoulos  Labrini V. Athanasiou  Maria A. Karatzia  Nektarios Giadinis  Harilaos Karatzias  Constantin Boscos  Zoe S. Polizopoulou 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(4):620-624

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Effect of high temperatures on survival and longevity of the predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant     

Ghulam Sarwar Solangi  Filitsa Karamaouna  Dimitris Kontodimas  Panagiotis Milonas  Mohammad Khan Lohar  Ghulam Hussain Abro  Riaz Mahmood 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(2):213-219

The effect of high temperature on survival and longevity of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) female adults was studied in the laboratory by daily exposure of the beetles to 35°C (mean r.h. 52%) combined with 1-, 2- and 3-h intervals of thermal treatment at 38, 40, 42 and 44°C (r.h. 46–48%). Fifty percent of females survived until the 12th–13th day of the thermal treatment at 38°C (depending on the exposure time), the 2nd–10th day at 40°C for 1–2 h exposure and the 4th–5th day at 42°C for 1 h exposure. Survival was 25–38% on the 1st–2nd day of the thermal treatment at 40, 42 and 44°C for 3, 2 and 1 h of exposure, respectively. Three hours of exposure of female C. montrouzieri at 42°C and 2 h exposure at 44°C were lethal for the beetles. Mean longevity of the predator was 33.13?±?1.22 days at 35°C and was significantly shorter as the temperature of the thermal treatments increased from 38^o to 44°C. These results suggest that daily temperature regimes of 35°C combined with 38–40°C for 1–3 h are marginal for the survival and longevity of the C. montrouzieri, whereas temperatures above 42°C are lethal even at short exposure. These results can partly justify the inability of C. montrouzieri to be permanently established in Pakistan environments and could contribute to a pre-evaluation assay of its potential adaptability in such environmental systems.  相似文献   

Dipstick test for DNA-based food authentication. Application to coffee authenticity assessment     

Trantakis IA  Spaniolas S  Kalaitzis P  Ioannou PC  Tucker GA  Christopoulos TK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(3):713-717

This paper reports DNA-based food authenticity assays, in which species identification is accomplished by the naked eye without the need of specialized instruments. Strongly colored nanoparticles (gold nanoparticles) are employed as reporters that enable visual detection. Furthermore, detection is performed in a low-cost, disposable, dipstick-type device that incorporates the required reagents in dry form, thereby avoiding multiple pipetting and incubation steps. Due to its simplicity, the method does not require highly qualified personnel. The procedure comprises the following steps: (i) PCR amplification of the DNA segment that flanks the unique SNP (species marker); (ii) a 15 min extension reaction in which DNA polymerase extends an allele-specific primer only if it is perfectly complementary with the target sequence; (iii) detection of the products of the extension reaction within a few minutes by the naked eye employing the dipstick. No purification is required prior to application of the extension products to the dipstick. The method is general and requires only a unique DNA sequence for species discrimination. The only instrument needed is a conventional thermocycler for PCR, which is common equipment in every DNA laboratory. As a model, the method was applied to the discrimination of Coffea robusta and arabica species in coffee authenticity assessment. As low as 5% of Robusta coffee can be detected in the presence of Arabica coffee.  相似文献   

Use of Rice Husk Ash as an Admixture to Remove Chromium from a Tannery Waste     

Prayoon Fongsatitkul  Panagiotis Elefsiniotis  Duangta Kitkaew  Chaiwat Rungsipanodorn 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,220(1-4):81-88

This laboratory-scale study explored the use of rice husk ash (RHA) as an admixture to stabilize and solidify the waste sludge from a chrome-tanning process. Various ratios of RHA and tannery sludge were used, ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 by weight of the cement content, resulting in an experimental matrix of 16 runs. It was observed that although the compressive strength of solidified sludge improved at longer curing times, the increase was moderate after 7 days of curing. In addition, higher RHA and/or sludge ratios progressively reduced the strength of the samples. On the other hand, curing time had a positive effect on chromium leachability since the leaching concentration decreased considerably with an increase in curing time, up to 28 days. Furthermore, both the RHA and/or sludge content affected leachability, producing acceptable results, from a Thai regulatory perspective, at ratios of 0.50 or lower. Finally, the solidified sludge can be disposed of in a secure landfill and/or used as a construction material in a number of applications.  相似文献   

Effect of a low-fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia     

Panagiotis G. Xenoulis  Paul J. Cammarata  Rosemary L. Walzem  Jan S. Suchodolski  Jörg M. Steiner 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(6):2605-2616

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Estimation of white blood cell and platelet counts in ovine blood smears,and a comparison with the ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer     

Eleni G. Katsogiannou  Labrini V. Athanasiou  Panagiotis D. Katsoulos  Zoe S. Polizopoulou  Athanasia Tzivara  Georgios Christodoulopoulos 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2020,49(2):222-226

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