The Effect of Prolonged Light Intensity Exercise in the Heat on Executive Function     

Sarah M. Parker  Jennifer R. Erin  Riana R. Pryor  Priya Khorana  Joe Suyama  Frank X. Guyette  Steven E. Reis  David Hostler 《The Forestry Chronicle》2013,24(3):203-210

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Subpalpebral lavage placement for remote topical administration of ocular medications in 12 dogs: A retrospective review and assessment of owner perception     

Josie Parker  Joy Ioannides  Vim Kumaratunga  Juliette Preston  Claudia Hartley  David Donaldson 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(2):108-120

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the placement of subpalpebral lavage (SPL) systems in 12 dogs (15 eyes) intolerant of topical ocular medications to assess the suitability, complications encountered and owner perception of use.

Animals Studied

Retrospective review of dogs that underwent SPL placement for treatment of ocular disease at the Ophthalmology Department, University of Bristol Small Animal Hospital between 2017 and 2021.

Procedure(s)

Data recorded included signalment, history, diagnosis, treatment, reason for SPL placement, uni- or bilateral placement, duration of placement, complications, and outcome. Owner perception was assessed using an online questionnaire. Statistical analysis included McNemar and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests.

Results

Twelve dogs (15 eyes) underwent SPL placement. Eleven owners completed the online questionnaire. Corneal ulceration was the most common disease requiring SPL placement (n = 13/15 eyes, 86.7%). Most cases received multimodal topical therapy (n = 9/15 eyes, 60.0%) via SPL. Owners administered medication 6.63 times daily via SPL (range 1–16 applications/day). All dogs requiring ongoing topical medication (n = 8/12, 66.7%) were trained to accept direct administration during SPL treatment. Statistically significant improvements in medication compliance, ease of application, and reduced perceived risk of iatrogenic ocular injury were reported by owners (p-value = .001, .004, and .031 respectively). Minor complications were infrequently reported but an excellent outcome was achieved for all eyes.

Conclusion

Subpalpebral lavage placement provides a practical and safe solution for the provision of frequent multimodal ocular medication when treating patients with a challenging temperament.  相似文献   

Rapid infusion of a phospholipid emulsion attenuates the effects of endotoxaemia in horses     

Moore JN  Norton N  Barton MH  Hurley DJ  Reber AJ  Donovan DC  Vandenplas ML  Parker TS  Levine DM 《Equine veterinary journal》2007,39(3):243-248

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Endotoxaemia currently is associated with a poor prognosis in horses. The results of recent trials in other species indicate that phospholipid emulsions reduce the deleterious effects of endotoxin (LPS). However, in a previous study in horses, a 2 h infusion of emulsion caused an unacceptable degree of haemolysis. HYPOTHESIS: Rapid administration of a lower total dose of emulsion would reduce the effects of LPS and induce less haemolysis; the emulsion would reduce inflammatory effects of LPS in vitro. METHODS: Twelve healthy horses received an i.v. infusion either of saline or a phospholipid emulsion (100 mg/kg), followed immediately by E. coli 055:B5 LPS (30 ng/kg). Clinical parameters, haematological profiles, serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF) activity, serum lipid profiles, urine analyses and severity of haemolysis were monitored before and at selected times after LPS. Monocytes were also incubated in vitro with LPS in the presence or absence of emulsion, after which TNF and tissue factor activities were determined. RESULTS: Clinical signs of endotoxaemia were reduced in horses receiving the emulsion, including clinical score, heart rate, rectal temperature, serum TNF activity, and the characteristic leucopenic response to LPS, when compared to horses not receiving the emulsion. Three horses receiving the emulsion had none, 2 had mild and one had moderate haemolysis. There were no differences in urinalysis results and creatinine concentrations, either within the groups over time or between the groups. Serum concentrations of phosphatidylcholine, bile acids and triglycerides peaked immediately after the infusion; there were no significant changes in concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids or cholesterol. Incubation of equine monocytes with emulsion prevented LPS-induced TNF and tissue factor activities. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid administration of emulsion significantly reduced inflammatory effects of LPS in vivo and caused a clinically insignificant degree of haemolysis. The results of the in vitro studies indicate that emulsion prevents not only LPS-induced synthesis of cytokines, but also expression of membrane-associated mediators (i.e. tissue factor). POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Rapid i.v. administration of emulsions containing phospholipids that bind endotoxin may provide a clinically useful method of treating endotoxaemia in horses.  相似文献   

Vibrationally quantum-state-specific reaction dynamics of H atom abstraction by CN radical in solution     

Greaves SJ  Rose RA  Oliver TA  Glowacki DR  Ashfold MN  Harvey JN  Clark IP  Greetham GM  Parker AW  Towrie M  Orr-Ewing AJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6023):1423-1426

Solvent collisions can often mask initial disposition of energy to the products of solution-phase chemical reactions. Here, we show with transient infrared absorption spectra obtained with picosecond time resolution that the nascent HCN products of reaction of CN radicals with cyclohexane in chlorinated organic solvents exhibit preferential excitation of one quantum of the C-H stretching mode and up to two quanta of the bending mode. On time scales of approximately 100 to 300 picoseconds, the HCN products undergo relaxation to the vibrational ground state by coupling to the solvent bath. Comparison with reactions of CN radicals with alkanes in the gas phase, known to produce HCN with greater C-H stretch and bending mode excitation (up to two and approximately six quanta, respectively), indicates partial damping of the nascent product vibrational motion by the solvent. The transient infrared spectra therefore probe solvent-induced modifications to the reaction free energy surface and chemical dynamics.  相似文献   

Earth-Based Observations of the Galileo Probe Entry Site     

G Orton  JL Ortiz  K Baines  G Bjoraker  U Carsenty  F Colas  A Dayal  D Deming  P Drossart  E Frappa  J Friedson  J Goguen  W Golisch  D Griep  C Hernandez  W Hoffmann  D Jennings  C Kaminski  J Kuhn  P Laques  S Limaye  H Lin  J Lecacheux  T Martin  G McCabe  T Momary  D Parker  R Puetter  M Ressler  G Reyes  P Sada  J Spencer  J Spitale  S Stewart  J Varsik  J Warell  W Wild  P Yanamandra-Fisher  G Fazio  J Hora  L Deutsch 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5263):839-840

Earth-based observations of Jupiter indicate that the Galileo probe probably entered Jupiter's atmosphere just inside a region that has less cloud cover and drier conditions than more than 99 percent of the rest of the planet. The visual appearance of the clouds at the site was generally dark at longer wavelengths. The tropospheric and stratospheric temperature fields have a strong longitudinal wave structure that is expected to manifest itself in the vertical temperature profile.  相似文献   

A late Triassic impact ejecta layer in southwestern Britain     

Walkden G  Parker J  Kelley S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5601):2185-2188

Despite the 160 or so known terrestrial impact craters of Phanerozoic age, equivalent ejecta deposits within distal sedimentary successions are rare. We report a Triassic deposit in southwestern Britain that contains spherules and shocked quartz, characteristic of an impact ejecta layer. Inter- and intragranular potassium feldspar from the deposit yields an argon-argon age of 214 +/- 2.5 million years old. This is within the age range of several known Triassic impact craters, the two closest of which, both in age and location, are Manicouagan in northeastern Canada and Rochechouart in central France. The ejecta deposit provides an important sedimentary record of an extraterrestrial impact in the Mesozoic that will help to decipher the number and effect of impact events, the source and dynamics of the event that left this distinctive sedimentary marker, and the relation of this ejecta layer to the timing of extinctions in the fossil record.  相似文献   

Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.), the potato tuber moth: New locality records for East Africa     

Bruce L. Parker  George L. T. Hunt 《American Journal of Potato Research》1989,66(9):583-586

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Effect of TEX-OE® treatment on the development of heat shock proteins in commercial broiler chicks and the impact on performance indicators in the grow-out period     

C. D. Parker  C. Prins  C. Saliba  G. Gutierrez  M. Serrar 《British poultry science》2014,55(5):592-597

1. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved proteins, shown to protect organisms against physical and physiological stress.

2. TEX-OE^® is a patented total extract of the fruit of Opuntia ficus indica, which has been demonstrated to accelerate the development of HSPs in several animal species.

3. One-day-old commercial broiler chicks were treated with TEX-OE^®; HSP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a large commercial field trial investigated key performance indicators (KPIs) in treated versus untreated controls chicks.

4. TEX-OE^® significantly increased HSP concentrations in treated chicks versus controls. Final cumulative mortality, liveweight and percentage factory-rejects were better than in controls.

5. The accelerated HSP response may enable chicks to cope with early stressors, which is reflected in improved KPIs.  相似文献   

Pre-parturition staphylococcal mastitis in primiparous replacement goats: persistence over lactation and sources of infection     

Iacome SC Jácome  Francisca GC Sousa  Candice MG De Leon  Denis A Spricigo  Mauro MS Saraiva  Patricia EN Givisiez  Wondwossen A Gebreyes  Rafael FC Vieira  Celso JB Oliveira 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

This investigation reported for the first time the occurrence of intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus in primiparous replacement goats before parturition and the persistence of clinical Staphylococcus aureus infection during the lactation period. Subclinical infections, mainly caused by coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), did not persist during lactation. Genotyping analysis indicated that environment seems to play a moderate role as source of intramammary infections to goats before parturition, but causative agents of mastitis in lactating animals are not genotypically related to environmental staphylococci. The occurrence and persistence of intramammary infections in replacement goats demonstrate the need to consider those animals as potential sources of infections in dairy goat herds.  相似文献   

Calm Temperament Improves Reproductive Performance of Beef Cows     

R Kasimanickam  M Asay  S Schroeder  V Kasimanickam  JM Gay  JP Kastelic  JB Hall  WD Whittier 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):1063-1067

Profitability of a beef operation is determined by the proportion of cows attaining pregnancy early in the breeding season and those that are pregnant at the end of breeding season. Many factors, including temperament, contribute to those reproductive parameters. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of temperament on reproductive performance of beef cows. In Experiment 1, Angus and Angus‐cross beef cows (n = 1546) from eight locations were assigned a body condition score (BCS; 1 = emaciated; 9 = obese) and chute exit and gait score (1 = slow exit, walk; calm temperament; 2 = jump, trot or run; excitable temperament). Cows were grouped with bulls (1 : 25 to 1 : 30; with satisfactory breeding potential and free of venereal disease) for an 85‐day breeding season. Pregnancy status and stage of gestation were determined (transrectal palpation) 35 days after the end of the breeding season. Controlling for BCS (p < 0.01) and handling facility (p < 0.0001) and handling facility by temperament score interaction (p < 0.001), breeding season pregnancy rate was lower in excited versus calm cows [88.6% (798/901) vs 94.1% (607/645); p < 0.001]. Cows with an excitable temperament took 24 more days to become pregnant compared to calm cows (median days to pregnancy, 35 vs 59 days; p < 0.0001). In Experiment 2, Angus and Angus‐cross beef cows (n = 1407) from 8 locations were assigned scores for body condition and chute exit and gait (as described in Experiment 1) and assigned to bulls (breeding sound and free of venereal disease; 1 : 25 to 1 : 30) for 85 days. Pregnancy status was determined by transrectal palpation at 2 and 6 months after the onset of the breeding season. Controlling for BCS (p < 0.05), pregnancy loss was higher in excited versus calm cows [5.5% (36/651) vs 3.2% (20/623), p < 0.0001]. In conclusion, beef cows with an excitable temperament had significantly lower reproductive performance than calmer cows. The modified two‐point chute exit–gait scoring method was repeatable and identified cattle with an excitable temperament.  相似文献