Detection of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in sheep affected with conjunctivitis and infectious keratoconjunctivitis     

MXJ Motha  J Frey  MF Hansen  R Jamaludin  KM Tham 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):186-190

AIM: To determine the aetiolog y of a recurring and severe form of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) in sheep.

METHODS: Five sheep flocks that had experienced a severe form of IKC were examined. Clinical history, conjunctival swabs and blood samples were collected from affected animals. Culture for bacteria, and also specifically for Mycoplasma and Chlamydophila spp, and detection of Mycoplasma conjunctivae DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were attempted. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to M. agalactiae, M. capricolum, M. conjunctivae and Chlamydophila spp.

RESULTS: Mycoplasma conjunctivae DNA was detected using PCR in 3/5 flocks, and in all flocks antibodies to M. conjunctivae were detected in sera. A pure growth of Branhamella ovis was cultured from conjunctival swabs from a small proportion of sheep in two flocks. No other pathogens were detected.

CONCLUSIONS: This investigation demonstrated that M. conjunctivae was a primary pathogen causing severe IKC in sheep, and is the first report of detection of this organism in sheep in New Zealand. Introduction of clinically normal carrier sheep appeared to have caused the outbreaks.  相似文献   

Analysis of Differences in Productivity,Profitability and Soil Fertility Between Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems in the Tropics and Sub-tropics          下载免费PDF全文

Te Pas C M  ;Rees R M 《农业科学学报》2014,13(10):2299-2310

Organic farming aims to stimulate soil fertility by avoiding the use of synthetic fertiliser inputs, relying instead on locally available natural resources. It is regarded by many as a sustainable alternative to conventional fanning because it ensures higher biodiversity, restricts environmental pollution, prevents land degradation and is easy to apply for smallholder and subsistence farmers. Although widely practiced and studied in temperate regions, little is known about the potential overall benefits of organic farming in the tropics and subtropics. This paper addresses this gap by undertaking an analysis of the differences between organic and conventional agriculture in the tropics and sub-tropics based on an extensive literature review including 88 papers with 458 data pairs. The comparison is based on three main indicators： yield, gross margin and soil organic carbon （SOC）. The differences between the organic and conventional systems for each of these main indicators is represented by the ratio of the value of the indicator in the organic system divided by the corresponding value in the conventional system. This was initially calculated for each data pair individually, and grouped by a variety of explanatory factors, such as precipitation, human development level, soil texture, crop type, organic input type, time after conversion and certification. The results demonstrate that under organic management, yields were on average 26% higher, gross margins 51% higher and soil organic carbon 53% higher than under conventional management. The highest yield increases in organic cropping systems were achieved in the least developed countries, in arid regions and on coarse soils. For gross margins, certification was the main reason for differences between organic and conventional systems. Certified farmers, mostly located in developed countries, receive significantly higher prices. Furthermore, organic farming in the driest regions results in higher profits than in other regions. Even though soil organic carbon  相似文献   

Factors associated with colostrum immunoglobulin G concentration in northern‐Victorian dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

AJ Phipps  DS Beggs  AJ Murray  PD Mansell  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(7):237-243

  相似文献   

Intracardiac electrophysiological conduction parameters in adult dogs     

Alicja Cepiel  Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak  Robert Pasławski  Adrian Janiszewski  Urszula Pasławska 《The Veterinary quarterly》2017,37(1):91-97

Background: Invasive electrophysiology study (EPS) is one of the most important adjunct tests for the evaluation of arrhythmias in human medicine. However, EPS is neither well known nor widely used in veterinary medicine.

Objective: To define the values for intracardiac conduction parameters determined during invasive EPS in dogs.

Animals and methods: The study included 16 admitted dogs of various breeds, sex and ages and 6 control Beagles. In the Beagles, EPS was performed twice at 6-month intervals in order to verify the reproducibility of the results.

Results: No significant differences were found between the results of the baseline and repeated EPS performed in the Beagles. We found retrograde conduction in 13 (59%) out of 22 dogs and including 4 (31%) animals with concomitant ‘jumps’ in the atrioventricular node conduction curve, pointing to the presence of dual conduction in this node. The mean values of the AV and retrograde VA Wenckebach points equaled to 220 and 360 ms, respectively, suggesting that the capability of the descending route is higher than that of the ascending route.

Conclusion: The values determined in this study may be helpful in early detection of abnormalities in the electrical conduction system of the heart.  相似文献   

Real-time ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis and foetal ageing in fallow deer     

MF LENZ  AW ENGLISH  A DRADJAT 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(10):373-375

SUMMARY Three groups of 15 to 17 adult fallow does with some additional yearling does in 2 of the groups were treated to synchronise oestrous cycles, and mated. All does were scanned by ultrasound at 4 weeks of gestation and at weekly intervals from week 7 to week 14 of gestation. Growth rates of 13 foetal and uterine characters, which have been used for ageing foetuses of red deer, were similar for adult and yearling does and among the 3 groups. Transrectal ultrasound scanning was a reliable and accurate means of detecting pregnancy and of ageing foetuses of fallow deer during weeks 7 to 17 of pregnancy.  相似文献   

Transformation rate of 1,3-dichloropropene and 3-chloroallyl alcohol in topsoil and subsoil material of flower-bulb fields     

Minze Leistra  Ariette E. Groen  Steven J. H. Crum  Leo J. T. van der Pas 《Pest management science》1991,31(2):197-207

The extent of the risk of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene and their transformation products (Z)- and (E)-3-chloroallyl alcohol causing a hazard to the quality of groundwater pumped up for public water supply from below flower-bulb fields has been evaluated. The 1,3-dichloropropenes were incubated at 10°C in water-saturated subsoil material from three such fields. A first stage with gradual transformation was followed by a second stage with comparatively rapid transformation and after three months negligible amounts remained. The 3-chloroallyl alcohols were incubated at 15°C in soils from the root zone of the same fields. Complete transformation had occurred in about a week or even less. The 3-chloroallyl alcohols were also incubated in the water-saturated subsoil material at 10°C. Again, a first stage with gradual transformation was followed by a second stage with fast transformation. In most instances, the concentrations had fallen to a very low level within three months. It was concluded that it is unlikely that residues in the upper groundwater would permeate into the deeper groundwater pumped up for public water supply.  相似文献   

Investigation of the porcine PA28 activator γ-subunit (PSME3) gene: isolation, polymorphism and its chromosomal localization     

M. Yu  Y. Wang  M. F. W. Te Pas  M. Yerle  B. Liu  B. Fan  T. Xiong  K. Li 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2004,121(2):142-148

The PA28 activator γ‐subunit encoded by the PSME3 gene is the third component of the PA28 activator complex, which is the 11S regulator of the 20S proteasome. The open reading frame (ORF) sequence of the porcine PSME3 gene encoding the proteasome activator γ‐subunits (or proteasome activator subunit 3) was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 100% identity with the corresponding human and murine sequence. Two single nucleotide substitutions, one located in intron 5 (I5), the other one in exon 8 (E8), were detected using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment‐length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). Analysis on allele frequencies of the two polymorphic sites determined in different pig breeds (Duroc, Tibet, Qingping, Meishan, Erhualian and Mingzhu) showed large differences between Duroc and Chinese indigenous pig breeds investigated. The PSME3 gene was physically assigned to SSC12p11 – (2/3) p13 in the vicinity of the GH gene. This result provides an additional type I marker to the GH linkage group on SSC12.  相似文献   

Field test of a mathematical model for non-equilibrium transport of pesticides in soil     

Jos J. T. I. Boesten  Leo J. T. Van Der Pas  Johan H. Smelt 《Pest management science》1989,25(2):187-203

A model for the transport of pesticides in non-structured arable soil has been tested under field conditions. Three classes of sorption site are distinguished in the model. Sorption at class 1 sites is assumed to be at equilibrium whereas sorption at class 2 and class 3 sites is calculated using rate equations. Class 2 sites equilibrate on a time scale of days and class 3 sites equilibrate on a time scale of hundreds of days. In the model, the liquid phase is assumed to be homogeneous and completely mobile. The model was validated in two field experiments on a loamy sand soil using the herbicides cyanazine and metribuzin and using bromide ion as a tracer of liquid flow in soil. Ignoring sorption at class 3 sites resulted in large discrepancies between calculated and measured concentration profiles. Calculated concentration profiles were sensitive to the desorption rate constant for class 3 sites.  相似文献   

Using GIS to measure changes in the temporal and spatial dynamics of forestland: experiences from north-west Spain   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Marey Perez  MF; Rodriguez Vicente  V; Crecente Maseda  R 《Forestry》2006,79(4):409-423

Forestry variables are usually calculated at a forest managementunit scale. However, a region's forestry sector is affectedby various other factors that interact over space and time,many of which are not directly associated to silvicultural activitiesbut nonetheless play an important part in its development froma socio-economic or environmental point of view. To understanda region's forestry dynamics, and especially to predict itsfuture tendencies, we must include all the necessary variablesin a single database, calculated for spatial units that arestable over time and adequate for planning purposes. In ourstudy, we developed a Forest Geographic Information System forGalicia called ‘SIFGa’. We used it to examine 310variables describing the environment, population tendencies,land tenure and forest management in the Spanish autonomousregion of Galicia, at both council and parish levels. Resultsreveal the connections between our variables, which reflectthe changes the regional forestry sector has experienced inthe past, and explain its current situation. They also confirmthe heterogeneity of forestry in the area and the need to adaptforest-planning strategies to each study unit, as well as tothe entire region.  相似文献   

Rate of transformation of atrazine and bentazone in water-saturated sandy subsoils     

Leo J. T. van der Pas  Minze Leistra  Jos J. T. I. Boesten 《Pest management science》1998,53(3):223-232

When pesticides leach through the soil to the upper groundwater zone, it is important to know whether further transformation occurs before the pumping wells for drinking water are reached. Atrazine and bentazone were incubated (at 10°C) in five water-saturated sandy subsoils (collected at depths between 1·5 and 3·5 m), simulating the conditions in the field. In three subsoils with comparatively low pH and intermediate to high redox potential, atrazine was transformed gradually, to leave 1·9%, 6·2% and 17·5% of the dose after about five years. In one of these subsoils, hydroxy-atrazine was detected; the amount corresponded to half of the dose of atrazine. In one anaerobic subsoil with high pH, the transformation of atrazine was comparatively fast (half-life about 0·15 year). Another anaerobic subsoil, with similar pH and a somewhat higher redox potential, however, showed hardly any transformation. Sterilization of the first anaerobic subsoil had no effect on the rate of transformation. In the course of about five years, bentazone in the first three subsoils was transformed gradually to leave <0·25%, 11% and 25% of the dose. Bentazone transformation in the two subsoils with high pH and low redox potential was very slow, but the presence of oxygen in one of these subsoils speeded up the transformation. © 1998 SCI  相似文献