Effects of municipal solid waste compost amendments on soil enzyme activities and bacterial genetic diversity     

Carmine Crecchio  Magda Curci  Maria D.R. Pizzigallo  Patrizia Ricciuti  Pacifico Ruggiero 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(10):1595-1605

Municipal solid waste (MSW) composts have been used to maintain the long-term productivity of agroecosystems and to protect the soil environment from overcropping, changes in climatic conditions and inadequate management; they also have the additional benefit of reducing waste disposal costs. Since MSW may contain heavy metals and other toxic compounds, amendments cannot only influence soil fertility, but may also affect the composition and activity of soil microorganisms. The effects of MSW compost and mineral N amendments in a 6-year field trial on some physical-chemical properties, enzyme activities and bacterial genetic diversity of cropped plots (Beta vulgaris-Triticum turgidum rotation) and uncropped plots were investigated. The compost was added at the recommended and twice the recommended dosage (12, 24 t ha⁻¹). Amendments of cropped plots with MSW compost increased the contents of organic C from 13.3 to 15.0 g kg⁻¹ soil and total N from 1.55 to 1.65 g kg⁻¹ soil. There were significant increases in dehydrogenase (9.6%), β-glucosidase (13.5%), urease (15.4%), nitrate reductase (21.4%) and phosphatase (9.7%) activities. A significant reduction in protease activity (from 3.6 to 2.8 U g⁻¹ soil) was measured when a double dose of compost was added to the cropped plots. No dosage effect was detected for the other enzymes. Changes in the microbial community, as a consequence of MSW amendment, were minimal as determined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, rDNA internal spacer analysis and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis of bacteria, archaea, actinomycetes, and ammonia oxidizers. This indicates that there was no significant variation in the overall bacterial communities nor in selected taxonomic groups deemed to be essential for soil fertility.  相似文献   

Development and validation of an ultrasensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for aflatoxin M1 in milk   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Magliulo M  Mirasoli M  Simoni P  Lelli R  Portanti O  Roda A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(9):3300-3305

A fast and ultrasensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for aflatoxin M(1) in milk samples has been developed and validated. The method is an indirect competitive type format involving the immobilization of an aflatoxin M(1)-bovine serum albumin conjugate on 384 well black polystyrene microtiter plates and the use of a secondary antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase detected with a luminol-based substrate. Aflatoxin M(1) standard solutions were prepared in milk-based buffer, and milk samples were analyzed without any cleanup procedure. The limit of quantification was 1 ppt, the coefficient of variation was below 9% for both intra- and interassay precision, and the recovery ranged from 96 to 122%. The method is specific, and other aflatoxins do not significantly cross-react with the antibody. Twenty-four milk samples were analyzed, and a good correlation was observed (y = 0.98x + 1.71, r(2) = 0.98, n = 24) when the data were compared with a reference high-performance liquid chromatography method with a fluorescent detector. The developed method is suitable for an accurate, sensitive, and high-throughput screening of aflatoxin M(1) in milk samples with a reduction of costs and increased detectability, as compared with previously developed immunoassays.  相似文献   

Autophagy-dependent anticancer immune responses induced by chemotherapeutic agents in mice     

Michaud M  Martins I  Sukkurwala AQ  Adjemian S  Ma Y  Pellegatti P  Shen S  Kepp O  Scoazec M  Mignot G  Rello-Varona S  Tailler M  Menger L  Vacchelli E  Galluzzi L  Ghiringhelli F  di Virgilio F  Zitvogel L  Kroemer G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6062):1573-1577

Antineoplastic chemotherapies are particularly efficient when they elicit immunogenic cell death, thus provoking an anticancer immune response. Here we demonstrate that autophagy, which is often disabled in cancer, is dispensable for chemotherapy-induced cell death but required for its immunogenicity. In response to chemotherapy, autophagy-competent, but not autophagy-deficient, cancers attracted dendritic cells and T lymphocytes into the tumor bed. Suppression of autophagy inhibited the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from dying tumor cells. Conversely, inhibition of extracellular ATP-degrading enzymes increased pericellular ATP in autophagy-deficient tumors, reestablished the recruitment of immune cells, and restored chemotherapeutic responses but only in immunocompetent hosts. Thus, autophagy is essential for the immunogenic release of ATP from dying cells, and increased extracellular ATP concentrations improve the efficacy of antineoplastic chemotherapies when autophagy is disabled.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Homogeneous Self-cleaning Coating on Cellulose Materials Derived from TIP/TiO2 P25     

Nika Vero  Silvo Hribernik  Patrizia Andreozzi  Majda Sfiligoj-Smole 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(6):879-879

  相似文献   

Pulmonary rhodococcosis in a cat     

Passamonti F  Lepri E  Coppola G  Sforna M  Casagrande Proietti P  Chiodetti I  Coletti M  Marenzoni ML 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(4):283-285

Feline Rhodococcus equi infection is rare, despite the bacteria is widespread in the environment. R equi infection is typically observed in equine species but the infection has also been reported in dogs, cats and other domestic animals. There are a few reports regarding pulmonary R equi infection in cats and the disease appears to be limited to the skin and the subcutaneous tissue. This report describes the pathological, microbiological and the virulence features associated with an acute necrosuppurative pneumonia in a cat. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of feline pulmonary R equi infection in Italy.  相似文献   

Capillary electrophoresis for the detection of bilirubin in rat serum     

Federica Crivellente  Nicola Bocchini  Luca Vandin  Patrizia Cristofori 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(3):326-331

Background: The rat is used often to assess the toxicity of new chemical entities in preclinical drug development. Bilirubin concentration in rat serum is routinely determined by colorimetric methods, but false positive results due to hemolyzed serum or direct interferences by test compounds may occur. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an automated method that requires small sample volume and facilitates the direct detection of bilirubin. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a CE method for detecting bilirubin and albumin‐bound bilirubin in rat serum and to measure potential interference by hemolysis and specific test compounds. Methods: Serum samples from male Sprague Dawley rats (n=20) were used in the study. Results obtained on a Beckman P/ACE MDQ CE instrument equipped with a UV‐detector were compared with those obtained using a colorimetric method on a Hitachi 912 analyzer. Bilirubin standards were used to evaluate the detection and stability of bilirubin in rat serum, and vials with ultrafiltration membranes were used to separate albumin‐bound bilirubin. Intraday and interday coefficients of variation (CV), linearity, and the effects of added hemoglobin and a test compound on CE results were determined. Results: The CE method was capable of detecting bilirubin and albumin‐bound bilirubin in rat serum samples with reproducible results and good accuracy. CVs were <3% and linearity of the CE assay was high (R²=0.9951). Abnormally high bilirubin peaks due to the presence of hemoglobin or the test compound were easily distinguished by means of CE. Conclusion: CE is a good alternative to the colorimetric methods currently used for the determination of bilirubin in rat serum.  相似文献   

Development of specific diagnostic test for small ruminant lentivirus genotype E     

Ramses Reina  Elena Grego  Margherita Profiti  Idoia Glaria  Patrizia Robino  Antonio Quasso  Beatriz Amorena  Sergio Rosati   《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(3-4):251-257

Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) belonging to the highly divergent genotype E has recently been identified in the Italian goat breed Roccaverano. In this report we have developed a specific serological test based on recombinant matrix/capsid antigen fusion protein. Performance has been evaluated and compared with a similar test based on genotype B antigen. Herds under study were selected according to the infectious status characterized by blood PCR and sequencing. Results clearly showed that B and E based recombinant ELISA only detected homologous infection and an apparent cross-reactivity was recorded in a herd in which co-infection was present. Three commercially available ELISAs showed different abilities in detecting genotype E infection, being the whole virus-based immunoassay the best choice. Genotype E-recombinant antigen was not detected in ELISA by three commercially available Mabs known to be cross-reactive among CAEV and MVV capsid antigens, further supporting the high divergence of the E genotype from others. Finally, a SRLV-free herd according to commercial ELISA testing, was analysed in the same area where genotype E was identified and few animals belonging to Roccaverano breed were found slightly reactive with the E antigens. Our results suggest that the prevalence of genotype E in other small ruminant populations may be conveniently estimated using a comparative assay based on a combination of genotype specific recombinant antigens and may highlight a wider space in which SRLVs evolve.  相似文献   

Chromium ions toxicity on the membrane transport mechanism in segments of maize seedling roots     

Patrizia Zaccheo  Pier Luigi Genevini  Sergio M. Cocucci 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1217-1227

Chromium ions affect the proton extrusion and the potassium uptake capacity in segments of maize seedling roots. The hypothesis that these effects can explain the chromium ions toxicity in plants is discussed.  相似文献   

Distribution,abundance, and movements of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Pelagos Sanctuary MPA (north‐west Mediterranean Sea)     

Guido Gnone  Michela Bellingeri  Frank Dhermain  Franck Dupraz  Silvio Nuti  Davide Bedocchi  Aurelie Moulins  Massimiliano Rosso  Jessica Alessi  Rachel S. McCrea  Arianna Azzellino  Sabina Airoldi  Nicola Portunato  Sophie Laran  Lea David  Nathalie Di Meglio  Patrizia Bonelli  Gionata Montesi  Roberta Trucchi  Fulvio Fossa  Maurizio Wurtz 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2011,21(4):372-388

Role of equine herpesviruses as co-infecting agents in cases of abortion, placental disease and neonatal foal mortality     

Maria Luisa Marenzoni  Annalisa Bietta  Elvio Lepri  Patrizia Casagrande Proietti  Paolo Cordioli  Elena Canelli  Valentina Stefanetti  Mauro Coletti  Peter J. Timoney  Fabrizio Passamonti 《Veterinary research communications》2013,37(4):311-317

Herpesviral infections frequently occur in horses. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association of equine herpesviruses (EHV-1, EHV-2, EHV-3, EHV-4, EHV-5) with other causes of abortion, neonatal mortality or placental disorder. Sixty-seven abortions, 22 stillbirths, 14 cases of neonatal foal mortality and 3 cases of placental disease were investigated for infectious and non-infectious causes. Type-specific nested PCR assays and virus isolation were performed to detect EHV infections. A cause of fetal loss or placental disease was reached in 68 out 116 (58.7 %) cases. Twenty-seven cases were positive for EHV, and 22/27 (81.5 %) were positive for EHV-1 (16 neuropathogenic and 6 non-neuropathogenic strains), 4 (14.8 %) for EHV-2 and 3 (11.1 %) for EHV-5. The association between EHV infections and other etiological agents was statistically significant (two sided P?=?0.002). The odds ratio of EHV DNA associated with other diagnoses, especially with bacterial infection and premature placental separation, was 10.88 (95 % confidence interval: 2.15–55.16). EHV-1 was the main viral cause of pregnancy loss in this study, also associated with other etiological agents, including EHV-2 and EHV-5. The latter viruses in particular need to be more fully investigated to elucidate what role either or both may play as co-infecting agents with other established infectious causes of reproductive disease.  相似文献