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51.
Larval rearing of the giant Azorean barnacle,Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry, 1916): feeding trials,larval development and settlement on artificial substrata 
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下载免费PDF全文 Carla Nunes João Rodeia Bárbara Paulino Eduardo Isidro Mirko De Girolamo 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(6):2812-2826
A series of experiments were conducted to obtain an efficient larval rearing protocol for Megabalanus azoricus. The first part of this study investigates the effect of microalgae‐based diets on survival and larval development. Mono and mixed‐diets were tested at 20 ± 1°C, in a sequence of 11‐day feeding experiments. The second part presents a preliminary study on the influence of a biofilm on recruitment and use of oyster spat collectors in a mass rearing system. A photographic record of larval development and a brief reference to the diagnostic features that enable quick larval staging are also presented, along with morphometric measurements. Of the microalgae tested (Chaetoceros sp., Chloromonas sp., Dunaliella sp., T‐Isochrysis sp. and Skeletonema sp.) the mixed‐diet Skeletonema sp. with T‐Isocrysis sp. showed the highest survival percentages: total survival ranged from 79.7 to 85.7% and 69.7–80.0% of nauplii were in stage VI after 11 days of rearing. Cypris were also present, but only represented 5.3% of the survivors at most. In the mass rearing system juveniles were found settled in the collectors after 25 days, at 20 ± 1°C. However recruitment was less than 1%. Preliminary results showed no settlement preference towards collectors with biofilm. Nevertheless, this study provides the first record of M. azoricus settlement under laboratorial conditions and represent a starting point for future larval rearing studies. 相似文献
52.
Dietary oils influence ovary and carcass composition and embryonic development of zebrafish 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 F.G. Araújo D.V. Costa M.R.F. Machado R.R. Paulino D. Okamura P.V. Rosa 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(4):651-661
To evaluate the effect of different dietary lipids on zebrafish reproduction, we examined parameters including ovary and carcass composition, oestradiol (E2) levels, eclosion rate and embryonic development. In our study, zebrafish were subjected to a 5‐month feeding trial whereby olive (OLV), linseed (LIN), fish (FIS) or corn (CRN) oil were used to compose four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. A positive correlation was found between ovary EPA and whole‐body E2 concentration (P = 0.005). The developmental dynamics was affected by dietary lipids and embryos from CRN treatment females; which had higher percentage of ARA in ovary (1.48 ± 0.44%) (P = 0.015), developed faster at 8–9 h postfertilization (hpf) than the ones originated from females receiving other diets (P = 0.0069). This effect was not sustained during later observation periods, suggesting ARA may act as a modulator of developmental dynamics only during initial phases. There was no clear effect of dietary lipid source on ovary protein content (P = 0.304) and eclosion rates at 72 hpf (P = 0.0623). Dietary fatty acids play an important role in reproductive outcome; however, additional studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms by which HUFA affect embryonic development. 相似文献
53.
Gloria G Fortes Francesco Nonnis Marzano Carmen Bouza Paulino Martinez Paolo Ajmone-Marsan & Gilberto Gandolfi 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(1):41-49
Among the variety of cultured marine species, the turbot Scophthalmus maximus is a fish of growing importance in European aquaculture. In this paper, an advanced application of AFLPs to estimate the genetic diversity of haploid gynogenetic families with the aim of obtaining a preliminary genetic map is presented. Ten EcoRI/TaqI primer combinations were tested in four families comprising diploid mothers and their haploid progenies. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis revealed an average of 6.8 polymorphic bands per primer combination and a total number of 88 polymorphisms out of 579 fragments. Among various primer pairs, seven combinations were selected in relation to the quality of profiles and number of polymorphic fragments, to be used in the determination of genetic linkage relationship between AFLP markers within the largest haploid family. Co‐migration of non‐homologous fragments was also investigated in one primer combination adding a fourth selective nucleotide to the three used in the classic TaqI AFLP protocol. Surprisingly, a rate of 38.7% of non‐homologous fragments co‐migrating with monomorphic bands was identified, due to the combined effect of homoplasy and the protocol used. Additional polymorphic markers discovered by this protocol were included in the linkage map. The turbot AFLP linkage map comprises 52 AFLP markers distributed in 12 linkage groups. On the basis of this map, turbot expected total genome length sums up to 1225.6 cM. The results confirm the usefulness of AFLPs in revealing genome segregation in haploid turbot progeny. 相似文献
54.
PV Hobbs JS Reid RA Kotchenruther RJ Ferek R Weiss 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5307):1776-1778
Airborne measurements in smoke from biomass burning in Brazil have yielded optical parameters that permit an improved assessment of the effects of smoke on Earth's radiation balance. The global-mean direct radiative forcing due to smoke from biomass burning worldwide is estimated to be no more than about -0.3 watt per square meter (cooling), compared with +2.45 watts per square meter (warming) due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases. On regional scales, direct radiative forcing due to smoke can be large and might indirectly affect global climate. 相似文献
55.
Bruna Mattioni Patricia M. Scheuer Andre L. Antunes Niraldo Paulino Alicia de Francisco 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(5):518-522
Gluten is an important protein complex for baking products found in wheat, rye, barley, and some oat varieties. However, some people need to avoid these grains and their products because they result in gluten‐related disorders. The only treatment for these individuals is to engage in a gluten‐free diet. The objective of this work was to verify if the gluten content of several commercial food products sold in Brazil complied with their labeling. The Méndez ELISA R5 sandwich method was used to analyze 437 samples, and of these, 70% were labeled as gluten‐free, 26% as containing gluten, and 4% not labeled in relation to gluten. The results indicated that 89% of the products labeled as gluten‐free were correctly labeled and 11% were not, which represented a risk for celiac people. 相似文献
56.
Ériton Egidio Lisboa Valente Mário Fonseca Paulino Edenio Detmann Sebastião Campos Valadares de Filho Lívia Vieira Barros Nelcino Francisco de Paula Sidnei Antônio Lopes Daniel Majeste de Almeida Leandro Soares Martins 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(2):487-495
The effects of supplementation of beef calves on weight gain, intake and digestibility of pasture, milk production and composition of their dams, and behavior of the pair cow–calf were assessed. Fifty-five beef cows with an initial average body weight of 449?±?8 kg and their respective offspring, with an initial average body weight of 138?+?3 kg and aged between 90 and 150 days, were used. Animals were submitted to an experimental period of 112 days. The experimental treatments consisted of: control?=?mineral mixture only, plan 1?=?high protein and high carbohydrate multiple supplement, plan 2?= high protein and low carbohydrate multiple supplement, plan 3?=?low protein and high carbohydrate multiple supplement, and plan 4?=?low protein and low carbohydrate multiple supplement. About 25 and 12.5 % of the protein requirements were supplied by the high and low protein supplements, respectively, and 15 and 7.5 % of total digestible nutrient requirements by the high and low carbohydrate supplements, respectively. Grazing behavior, performance, milk production, milk composition, intake, and digestibility of the cows were not affected (P?>?0.05) by the supplementation of the calves. The supplemented calves had greater (P?<?0.05) performance (as measured by final body weight, average daily gain, and final body condition score), intake and idle time, and lower (P?<?0.05) grazing time, but supplementation did not affect (P?>?0.05) suckling time and suckling frequency. It can be concluded that supplementation affects the behavior and feed intake of calves. However, it does not affect the suckling time and suckling frequency of calves. Additionally, performance, milk production, nutritional characteristics, and behavior of their dams are not affected. 相似文献
57.
Mariane Wolf Dilmar Baretta Valter A. Becegato Vitor de C. Almeida Alexandre T. Paulino 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(4):152
Copper/zinc bioaccumulation and the effect of phytotoxicity on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were studied in plastic vessels containing (i) non-contaminated soil, (ii) copper-contaminated soils at concentrations of 75.0 and 125.0 mg kg?1, (iii) zinc-contaminated soils at concentrations of 1200 and 2400 mg kg?1, and (iv) soil enriched with swine manure. Copper and zinc concentrations in lettuce leaves were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry during 42 days of growth. Copper concentrations from 0.92 to 13.06 mg kg?1 were found in lettuce leaves grown in copper-contaminated soils and zinc concentrations from 58.13 to 177.85 mg kg?1 were found in lettuce leaves grown in zinc-contaminated soils. Copper and zinc concentrations in lettuce leaves grown in swine manure-enriched soils ranged from 0.82 to 8.33 and 0.68 to 13.27 mg kg?1, respectively. Copper and zinc bioaccumulation caused a decrease in lettuce growth in metal-contaminated soils and an increase in phytotoxicity effects when compared to growth in non-contaminated and manure-enriched soils. These findings were confirmed by measuring leaf areas and biomasses. Copper was less toxic to lettuce than zinc due to the different concentrations in the soil. Lettuce growth and development was better in the swine manure-enriched soil than non-contaminated soil, which indicates that swine manure is a safe agricultural biofertilizer when used in appropriate amounts to avoid metal bioaccumulation in soil and plants. 相似文献
58.
V.V. Carvalho M.F. Paulino E. Detmann M.L. Chizzotti L.S. Martins A.G. Silva S.A. Lopes F.H. Moura 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(5):983-988
A grazing trial was carried out to evaluate the inclusion of three feed additives in supplements (crude protein, CP 230 g/kg dry matter, DM) on the performance, voluntary intake, and digestibility of beef heifers grazing Brachiaria decumbens (CP 81 and neutral detergent fiber, NDF 615 g/kg DM). Thirty-five Nellore heifers (21 months of age and 383 ± 6.29 kg of body weight, BW) were used in a completely randomized design. The treatments were as follows: no supplement (control); supplement fed at 1 kg/animal/day without additives (S); supplement with monensin (S + M); supplement with yeast culture (S + YC); and supplement with enzyme complex (S + EC). All of the supplemented heifers had greater (P < 0.1) average daily gain (～0.186 kg/day) compared to the control treatment (0.014 kg/day). Average daily gain and final BW were similar (P > 0.1) among supplemented heifers. Monensin inclusion in the supplement decreased (P < 0.1) forage DM (expressed as g/kg BW) and NDF intake (expressed as kg/day and as g/kg BW). All of the feed additive inclusions decreased (P < 0.1) NDF digestibility. In conclusion, the heifers’ performance was improved by concentrate supplementation. However, the inclusion of additives did not enhance this effect. 相似文献
59.
Pedro Veiga Rodrigues Paulino Marcos Antônio Lana Costa Mário Fonseca Paulino Karla Alves Magalhães Edenio Detmann Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares Marlos Oliveira Porto Kamila Andreatta 《Livestock Production Science》2005,93(3):245-253
This study was conducted to validate the 9-11th rib cut to estimate the chemical composition of the carcass and of the empty body weight (EBW) of Zebu cattle. Nineteen Zebu steers with initial body weight of 266.5±32.2 kg were used. Four steers were slaughtered at the beginning to compose the reference group; three were fed at maintenance level, and the remaining were allotted to different planes of nutrition (5.0%, 35.0% and 65.0% concentrate levels in the diets, DM basis). The 9-11th rib cuts and half of the carcasses were dissected and the weights of fat, muscle and bone tissue were recorded. The components fat, muscle and bone tissue from the 9-11th rib cut and from the half carcass were sampled and chemical analysis of fat, protein, water, ash and minerals determined. The 9-11th rib cut satisfactorily estimated the physical composition of the carcass, but not the chemical composition. The 9-11th rib cut appropriately estimated the chemical composition of the carcass in terms of protein, water, ash and macro mineral content. For the percentage of fat and Ca, an over- and underestimation of 7.84% and 13.34%, respectively, were detected. Regression equations were fitted to estimate the percentage of fat and Ca in the carcass, and that of protein, water and ash in the whole empty body. 相似文献
60.
Effects of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐1 beta on in vitro development of bovine secondary follicles 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Lais R. F. M. Paulino Ellen V. Cunha Anderson W. Barbalho Silva Glaucinete B. Souza Ewerton P. F. Lopes Mariana A. M. Donato Cristina A. Peixoto Bruno G. Matos‐Brito Robert van den Hurk José Roberto V. Silva 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(4):997-1005
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of TNF‐α and IL‐1β on development and survival of bovine secondary follicle culture in vitro for 18 days. Secondary follicles (~0.2 mm) were isolated from ovarian cortex and individually cultured at 38.5°C, with 5% CO2 in air, for 18 days, in TCM‐199+ alone (cultured control) or supplemented with 10 ng/ml IL‐1β, 10 ng/ml TNF‐α or both TNF‐α and IL‐1β. The effects of these treatments on growth, follicular survival, antrum formation, viability, ultrastructure and mRNA levels for GDF‐9, c‐MOS, H1foo and Cyclin B1 were evaluated. The results showed that addition of TNF‐α to culture medium increased follicular diameter and rate of antrum formation, whereas that of IL‐1β and a mixture of IL‐1β and TNF‐α did not do so. Ultrastructural analysis showed that, among the tested cytokine treatments, follicles cultured in the presence of TNF‐α had the best‐preserved oocytes and granulosa cells. The presence of TNF‐α, IL‐1β or both did not influence the expression of mRNAs analysed. In conclusion, in contrast to IL‐1β, TNF‐α promotes growth of and antrum formation in in vitro cultured bovine secondary follicles, while their ultrastructure and viability were maintained. 相似文献