Coccidia-induced mucogenesis promotes the onset of necrotic enteritis by supporting Clostridium perfringens growth     

Collier CT  Hofacre CL  Payne AM  Anderson DB  Kaiser P  Mackie RI  Gaskins HR 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,122(1-2):104-115

This study tested the hypothesis that a host mucogenic response to an intestinal coccidial infection promotes the onset of necrotic enteritis (NE). A chick NE model was used in which birds were inoculated with Eimeria acervulina and E. maxima and subsequently with Clostridium perfringens (EAM/CP). A second group of EAM/CP-infected birds was treated with the ionophore narasin (NAR/EAM/CP). These groups were compared to birds that were either non-infected (NIF), or infected only with E. acervulina and E. maxima (EAM), or C. perfringens (CP). The impact of intestinal coccidial infection and anti-coccidial treatment on host immune responses and microbial community structure were evaluated with histochemical-, cultivation- and molecular-based techniques. Barrier function was compromised in EAM/CP-infected birds as indicated by elevated CFUs for anaerobic bacteria and C. perfringens in the spleen when compared to NIF controls at day 20, with a subsequent increase in intestinal NE lesions and mortality at day 22. These results correlate positively with a host inflammatory response as evidenced by increased ileal interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma RNA expression. Concurrent increases in chicken intestinal mucin RNA expression, and goblet cell number and theca size indicate that EAM/CP induced an intestinal mucogenic response. Correspondingly, the growth of mucolytic bacteria and C. perfringens as well as alpha toxin production was greatest in EAM/CP-infected birds. The ionophore narasin, which directly eliminates coccidia, reduced goblet cell theca size, IL-10 and IFN-gamma expression, the growth of mucolytic bacteria including C. perfringens, coccidial and NE lesions and mortality in birds that were co-infected with coccidia and C. perfringens. Collectively the data support the hypothesis that coccidial infection induces a host mucogenic response providing a growth advantage to C. perfringens, the causative agent of NE.  相似文献   

Prognostic value of mitral annular systolic plane excursion and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy     

Ilaria Spalla  Jessie Rosie Payne  Kieran Borgeat  Virginia Luis Fuentes  David John Connolly 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(3):154-164

Introduction

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has a variable prognosis; left atrial size, presence of clinical signs and left ventricular systolic function have been shown to predict outcomes. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) assess longitudinal ventricular systolic function and are decreased in cats with HCM. The aim of the study was to ascertain whether MAPSE and TAPSE have prognostic value in HCM and if cats with pleural effusion have lower MAPSE and TAPSE than cats with pulmonary oedema.

Animals

One hundred eighty-four client-owned cats diagnosed with HCM.

Methods

This is a retrospective study. Echocardiography was used to diagnose HCM (end-diastolic left ventricular wall thickness ≥ 6 mm) and to measure MAPSE and TAPSE. Survival information was obtained.

Results

No multivariable model including MAPSE or TAPSE could be generated in this population. Cats with pleural effusion ± pulmonary oedema had lower MAPSE measured at the interventricular septum (MAPSE IVS) and TAPSE, compared with cats with pulmonary oedema only. MAPSE IVS was the only factor predicting pleural effusion on multivariable regression model.

Conclusions

Lower MAPSE and TAPSE were not independently associated with outcomes on multivariable analysis. Cats with pleural effusion ± pulmonary oedema had lower TAPSE and MAPSE IVS than cats with pulmonary oedema, and MAPSE IVS was the only predictive factor associated with the development of pleural effusion in this population.  相似文献   

Electrosurgery as the sole means of haemostasis during the laparoscopic removal of pathologically enlarged ovaries in mares: a report of 55 cases     

Lloyd D  Walmsley JP  Greet TR  Payne RJ  Newton JR  Phillips TJ 《Equine veterinary journal》2007,39(3):210-214

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Mode of Chemical-Degradation of s-Triazines by Montmorillonite     

Russell JD  Cruz M  White JL  Bailey GW  Payne WR  Pope JD  Teasley JI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,160(3834):1340-1342

Chemical hydrolysis of the s-triazines after interaction with less than 2-micron (equivalent spherical diameter) montmorillonite clay occurs as a result of protonation at the colloidal surface; protonation occurs even when the exchange sites are occupied by metallic cations. The adsorbed hydrolytic degradation product is not the hydroxy analog, but it is predominantly the keto form of the protonated hydroxy species. This cationic form is held tightly by the clay which may restrict vertical movement and entrance into groundwater. Protonation of the hydroxy analog occurs on the heterocyclic ring nitrogen.  相似文献   

Protein content and specific gravity of Red McClure potatoes increased by 2,4-D treatment     

Merle G. Payne  Jess L. Fults  Ruth J. Hay  Clark H. Livingston 《American Journal of Potato Research》1953,30(2):46-49

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Efficacy of imidacloprid (8.8% w/w) plus permethrin (44% w/w) spot-on topical solution against Amblyomma americanum infesting dogs using a natural tick exposure model     

Dryden MW  Payne PA  Smith V  Hostetler J 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2006,7(2):99-106

This study evaluated the efficacy of an imidacloprid 8.8% w/w + permethrin 44% w/w spot-on topical solution (K9 Advantix, Bayer Animal Health) against Amblyomma americanum using a natural field exposure model. Sixteen beagles were divided into two groups of eight dogs each. One group of dogs was treated with K9 Advantix and the other group served as untreated controls. On day -1 and at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment, the dogs were walked for 80 minutes in an A. americanum-infested habitat at the Konza Prairie Biological Station in Northeastern Kansas. Postexposure tick counts (efficacy evaluations) were conducted on each dog at 3 and 48 hours after exposure. At 3 days after treatment, the efficacy of K9 Advantix within 3 hours of natural tick exposure was 88.0% and declined slowly during the study. The 48-hour postexposure efficacy remained above 93.5% throughout the study.  相似文献   

Evaluation of an imidacloprid (8.8% w/w)--permethrin (44.0% w/w) topical spot-on and a fipronil (9.8% w/w)--(S)-methoprene (8.8% w/w) topical spot-on to repel, prevent attachment, and kill adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor variabilis ticks on dogs     

Dryden MW  Payne PA  Smith V  Hostetler J 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2006,7(3):187-198

This study evaluated the effectiveness of two topical spot-on formulations, imidacloprid (8.8% w/w)--permethrin (44.0% w/w) and fipronil (9.8% w/w)--(S)-methoprene (8.8% w/w), to repel, prevent the attachment of, and kill adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor variabilis on dogs. Twelve purpose-bred beagles were distributed into three groups of four dogs each; one group served as untreated controls and each of the other two groups received one of the test products. Dogs were exposed to 25 adult ticks of each species for 10 minutes on posttreatment days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Nonattached or repelled ticks were collected and evaluated for viability, and on-dog tick counts were conducted at 3, 24, and 48 hours after tick exposure. The imidacloprid-permethrin formulation provided significant repellency of R. sanguineus and D. variabilis for up to 3 and 4 weeks after treatment, respectively; and provided good overall control for R. sanguineus and D. variabilis during the study period. The fipronil--(S)-methoprene formulation provided good overall tick control during the study period.  相似文献   

Antioxidant 1 copper chaperone gene expression and copper levels in dog osteosarcoma patients     

Pedro L. Rivera  William T. Li  Sumail Bhogal  Jonathan B. Mandell  Rebekah Belayneh  Margaret L. Hankins  John T. Payne  Rebecca J. Watters  Kurt R. Weiss 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2023,21(3):559-564

Twenty-four dogs with OS underwent limb amputation. Serum, OS tumour, and normal bone were harvested at time of surgery. RNA was extracted and gene expression was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Tissue and blood copper concentrations were also determined with spectrophotometry. Compared to bone, tumour samples had significantly higher expressions of antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (ATOX1, p = .0003). OS tumour copper levels were significantly higher than that of serum (p < .010) and bone (p = .038). Similar to our previous observations in mouse and human OS, dog OS demonstrates overexpression of genes that regulate copper metabolism (ATOX1), and subsequent copper levels. Dogs with OS may provide a robust comparative oncology platform for the further study of these factors, as well as potential pharmacologic interventions.  相似文献