Comparison of three intraoperative patient warming systems     

Franklin MA  Rochat MC  Payton ME  Broaddus KD  Bartels KE 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2012,48(1):18-24

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of three patient warming devices (i.e., circulating water blanket, forced-air, and warming panels) used either alone or in combination on patients undergoing surgeries lasting >60 min. In total, 238 dogs were included and divided into either the celiotomy or nonceliotomy group. Dogs in each group were further divided into one of three subgroups. Dogs in subgroup 1 (n=39) were placed on a circulating water blanket with a forced-air warming blanket placed over the trunk. Subgroup 2 dogs (n=40) were placed on a forced-air warming blanket only. Subgroup 3 dogs (n=40) were placed on warming panels. Significant temperature drops occurred from time of induction (38.1°C±0.64°C) to the start of surgical procedures (36.7°C±0.95°C). Although body temperature was maintained once the warming units were started in all groups, there were significant differences in temperatures for the type of surgical procedures (i.e., celiotomies versus nonceliotomies) performed over time except for subgroup 3. The warming panels and forced-air devices were equally effective in preserving body temperature in anesthetized patients.  相似文献   

Expression of the μ Opioid Receptor and Effects of the Opioid Antagonist Naloxone on In Vitro Maturation of Oocytes Recovered from Anoestrous Bitches     

AI Iorga  L Valentini  T De Santis  B Ambruosi  M Albrizio  AC Guaricci  M Caira  ME Dell'Aquila 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):263-268

The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) is expressed in bovine, human, equine and canine oocytes, and in seasonal breeders, it is expressed with higher intensity during the anoestrous phase. Supplementation of in vitro maturation (IVM) medium with opioid agents, agonists or antagonists, was shown to affect oocyte maturation in several species such as rat, bovine and equine. This study reports the effects of supplementing IVM medium with naloxone (Nx), an opioid antagonist, on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation rate of oocytes recovered from anoestrous bitches. Cytoplasmic maturation was examined in terms of mitochondrial (mt) distribution. In order to confirm the receptor-mediated action of Nx, in oocytes of anoestrous bitches, MOR expression was analyzed by Western blot. Cumulus–oocyte complexes, recovered from the ovaries of bitches in anoestrous, were cultured in vitro and Nx was added at the concentrations of 1 × 10⁻⁶, 1 × 10⁻⁸ and 1 × 10⁻¹⁰  m . The rate of oocytes resuming meiosis after culture in presence of 1 × 10⁻⁶  m Nx (29%) was significantly higher than that of oocytes of control group (12%; p < 0.05). However, treatment with Nx did not affect mt distribution pattern. In denuded oocytes and in corresponding cumulus cells, a doublet of 65 and 50 kDa was observed. We conclude that, in oocytes of anoestrous bitches, MOR is expressed and Nx significantly improves nuclear maturation rate. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the expression of other opioid receptors, such as δ and κ, and possible interactive effects of their antagonists on canine oocyte maturation.  相似文献   

Use of force plate analysis to compare the analgesic effects of intravenous administration of phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine in horses with navicular syndrome     

Erkert RS  MacAllister CG  Payton ME  Clarke CR 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(2):284-288

OBJECTIVE: To use force plate analysis to evaluate the analgesic efficacies of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone administered i.v. at typical clinical doses in horses with navicular syndrome. ANIMALS: 12 horses with navicular syndrome that were otherwise clinically normal. PROCEDURE: Horses received flunixin (1.1 mg/kg), phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg), or physiologic saline (0.9% NaCI; 1 mL/45 kg) solution administered IV once daily for 4 days with a 14-day washout period between treatments (3 treatments/horse). Before beginning treatment (baseline) and 6, 12, 24, and 30 hours after the fourth dose of each treatment, horses were evaluated by use of the American Association of Equine Practitioners lameness scoring system (half scores permitted) and peak vertical force of the forelimbs was measured via a force plate. RESULTS: At 6, 12, and 24 hours after the fourth treatment, subjective lameness evaluations and force plate data indicated significant improvement in lameness from baseline values in horses treated with flunixin or phenylbutazone, compared with control horses; at those time points, the assessed variables in flunixin- or phenylbutazone-treated horses were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses with navicular syndrome treated once daily for 4 days, typical clinical doses of flunixin and phenylbutazone resulted in similar significant improvement in lameness at 6, 12, and 24 hours after the final dose, compared with findings in horses treated with saline solution. The effect of flunixin or phenylbutazone was maintained for at least 24 hours. Flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone appear to have similar analgesic effects in horses with navicular syndrome.  相似文献   

Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens from bovine pneumonia: 1994--2002.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ronald D Welsh  Laura B Dye  Mark E Payton  Anthony W Confer 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(5):426-431

Between 1994 and 2002, a total of 390 (46.3%) Mannheimia haemolytica, 292 (34.7%) Pasteurella multocida, and 160 (19.0%) Histophilus somni were isolated at the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from lungs from 6-18-month-old beef cattle with pneumonia. The ratio of M. haemolytica isolations to P. multocida isolations decreased from 3.1 in 1994 to 0.8 in 2000 while increasing to 1.5 in 2002. Mannheimia haemolytica isolations significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 62.5% in 1994 to between 30.6% and 50.4% in 1998--2002. Pasteurella multocida isolations significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 20.0% in 1994 to between 28.6% and 47.4% in 1998--2002. Histophilus somni isolations were <19% except in 1998 (40.8%) and 1999 (23%). Antimicrobial susceptibilities for M. haemolytica significantly declined for erythromycin (P = 0.0001), florfenicol (P = 0.0004), spectinomycin (P = 0.0001), and tilmicosin (P = 0.03). For P. multocida, antimicrobial susceptibilities significantly declined for erythromycin (P = 0.0001), florfenicol (P = 0.004), spectinomycin (P = 0.03), sulfachloropyridizine (P = 0.028), tetracycline (P = 0.017), tilmicosin (P = 0.0001), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (P = 0.0003). Antimicrobial susceptibilities for H. somni were variable for spectinomycin and sulfachloropyridizine, whereas susceptibilities to other antibiotics remained consistently high.  相似文献   

Second Oestrus Synchronization and Precocious Embryo Viability after Puberty Induction in Gilts by the Use of Gonadotrophin Treatment     

V do Lago  WL Vianna  RD Gama  A de  Campos Rosseto  ME Pinese  A de  Sant''Anna Moretti 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(2):141-144

The use of exogenous gonadotrophins in puberty inducement and ovulation synchronization is a technique that has a positive influence on the management of swine. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a second gonadotrophin treatment [equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and luteinizing hormone (LH), intramuscularly (i.m.)] upon the second oestrus synchronization and fertility in gilts. Seventy-one NAIMA (Pen Ar Lan) gilts had their first oestrus (puberty inducement) induced by a hormonal treatment (eCG and LH). Then, they were randomly distributed into two treatments, with (T1) and without (C) gonadotrophin treatment at the second oestrus. The animals were fed with a single ration (16% of crude protein and 3286.73 kcal ME/kg), and timed artificial insemination performed at the second oestrus. Gilts were slaughtered for embryo recovery and ovary examination about 5 days after insemination. There was no evidence of a difference in the percentage of the second oestrus expression (T1 - 90.90% and C - 86.84%), the duration of the oestrus cycle (T1 - 19.62 +/- 0.82 days and C - 19.67 +/- 4.14 days), the percentage of follicular cysts (T1 - 15.15% and C - 18.42%) and number of ovulations (T1 - 14.60 +/- 5.7 and C - 13.23 +/- 4.8) between treatments (p > 0.05). However, the hormonal treatment (T1) showed minor oestrus dispersion and embryo viability (T1 - 8.4 +/- 5.6 and C - 11.2 +/- 4.6) (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the better synchronization and expression of the second oestrus when using gonadotrophins (eCG and LH) is followed by a lower embryo viability, which is probably the consequence of the heterogeneous follicle recruitment during the injection of eCG.  相似文献   

Transmission of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b to susceptible and vaccinated calves by exposure to persistently infected calves          下载免费PDF全文

Robert W. Fulton  Robert E. Briggs  Julia F. Ridpath  Jeremiah T. Saliki  Anthony W. Confer  Mark E. Payton  Glenn C. Duff  D.L. Step    D.A. Walker 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2005,69(3):161-169

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistently infected (PI) calves represent significant sources of infection to susceptible cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine if PI calves transmitted infection to vaccinated and unvaccinated calves, to determine if BVDV vaccine strains could be differentiated from the PI field strains by subtyping molecular techniques, and if there were different rates of recovery from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) versus serums for acutely infected calves. Calves PI with BVDV1b were placed in pens with nonvaccinated and vaccinated calves for 35 d. Peripheral blood leukocytes, serums, and nasal swabs were collected for viral isolation and serology. In addition, transmission of Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1), Parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3V), and Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was monitored during the 35 d observation period. Bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1b was transmitted to both vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves, including BVDV1b seronegative and seropositive calves, after exposure to PI calves. There was evidence of transmission by viral isolation from PBL, nasal swabs, or both, and seroconversions to BVDV1b. For the unvaccinated calves, 83.2% seroconverted to BVDV1b. The high level of transmission by PI calves is illustrated by seroconversion rates of nonvaccinated calves in individual pens: 70% to 100% seroconversion to the BVDV1b. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from 45 out of 202 calves in this study. These included BVDV1b in ranch and order buyer (OB) calves, plus BVDV strains identified as vaccinal strains that were in modified live virus (MLV) vaccines given to half the OB calves 3 d prior to the study. The BVDV1b isolates in exposed calves were detected between collection days 7 and 21 after exposure to PI calves. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was recovered more frequently from PBL than serum in acutely infected calves. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was also isolated from the lungs of 2 of 7 calves that were dying with pulmonary lesions. Two of the calves dying with pneumonic lesions in the study had been BVDV1b viremic prior to death. Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b was isolated from both calves that received the killed or MLV vaccines. There were cytopathic (CP) strains isolated from MLV vaccinated calves during the same time frame as the BVDV1b isolations. These viruses were typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genetic sequencing, and most CP were confirmed as vaccinal origin. A BVDV2 NCP strain was found in only 1 OB calf, on multiple collections, and the calf seroconverted to BVDV2. This virus was not identical to the BVDV2 CP 296 vaccine strain. The use of subtyping is required to differentiate vaccinal strains from the field strains. This study detected 2 different vaccine strains, the BVDV1b in PI calves and infected contact calves, and a heterologous BVDV2 subtype brought in as an acutely infected calf. The MLV vaccination, with BVDV1a and BVDV2 components, administered 3 d prior to exposure to PI calves did not protect 100% against BVDV1b viremias or nasal shedding. There were other agents associated with the bovine respiratory disease signs and lesions in this study including Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma spp., PI-3V, BRSV, and BHV-1.  相似文献   

Relationship of vitamin E supplementation and antimicrobial treatment with acute-phase protein responses in cattle affected by naturally acquired respiratory tract disease     

Carter JN  Meredith GL  Montelongo M  Gill DR  Krehbiel CR  Payton ME  Confer AW 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(8):1111-1117

OBJECTIVE: To correlate serum concentrations of fibrinogen (Fib), haptoglobin (Hap), serum amyloid-A (SAA), and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) with clinical respiratory tract disease and response to treatment in transport-stressed feedlot cattle fed vitamin E-supplemented diets. ANIMALS: 387 heifer calves (mean initial weight, 197 kg). PROCEDURE: Calves purchased from an order buyer were delivered to a feedlot to study the effects of dietary supplementation with 2,000 IU of vitamin E for 0, 7, 14, or 28 days after arrival. Serum or plasma Fib, Hap, SAA, and AGP concentrations were measured on days 0, 7, and 28 after arrival as well as at the time of treatment for respiratory tract disease with antimicrobial drugs and after completion of treatment. RESULTS: Vitamin E supplementation was associated with decreased treatment costs. In cattle that were not recognized as sick or responded positively to 1 antimicrobial treatment, serum Hap concentrations were significantly lower on days 0 and 7 than concentrations for cattle that required > 1 treatment. Serum Hap concentrations and ratios of Hap to SAA on day 0 significantly correlated with the number of antimicrobial treatments required. Serum Hap concentrations at the time of initial treatment were significantly lower for cattle that required only 1 treatment, compared with those that required > 1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Serum Hap concentrations are of potential value for use in assessing feedlot cattle that may become ill as a result of respiratory tract disease and for use in monitoring treatment efficacy.  相似文献   

Assessment of alterations in triglyceride and glycogen concentrations in muscle tissue of Alaskan sled dogs during repetitive prolonged exercise     

McKenzie EC  Hinchcliff KW  Valberg SJ  Williamson KK  Payton ME  Davis MS 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(8):1097-1103

OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in muscle glycogen (MG) and triglyceride (MT) concentrations in aerobically conditioned sled dogs during prolonged exercise. ANIMALS: 54 Alaskan sled dogs fed a high-fat diet. PROCEDURES: 48 dogs ran 140-km distances on 4 consecutive days (cumulative distance, up to 560 km); 6 dogs remained as nonexercising control animals. Muscle biopsies were performed immediately after running 140, 420, or 560 km (6 dogs each) and subsequently after feeding and 7 hours of rest. Single muscle biopsies were performed during recovery at 28 hours in 7 dogs that completed 560 km and at 50 and 98 hours in 7 and 6 dogs that completed 510 km, respectively. Tissue samples were analyzed for MG and MT concentrations. RESULTS: In control dogs, mean +/- SD MG and MT concentrations were 375 +/- 37 mmol/kg of dry weight (kgDW) and 25.9 +/- 10.3 mmol/kgDW, respectively. Compared with control values, MG concentration was lower after dogs completed 140 and 420 km (137 +/- 36 mmol/kgDW and 203 +/- 30 mmol/kgDW, respectively); MT concentration was lower after dogs completed 140, 420, and 560 km (7.4 +/- 5.4 mmol/kgDW; 9.6 +/- 6.9 mmol/kgDW, and 6.3 +/- 4.9 mmol/kgDW, respectively). Depletion rates during the first run exceeded rates during the final run. Replenishment rates during recovery periods were not different, regardless of distance; only MG concentration at 50 hours was significantly greater than the control value. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Concentration of MG progressively increased in sled dogs undergoing prolonged exercise as a result of attenuated depletion.  相似文献   

Humoral Immune Response and Assessment of Vaccine Virus Shedding in Calves Receiving Modified Live Virus Vaccines Containing Bovine Herpesvirus‐1 and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus 1a     

R. W. Fulton  J. T. Saliki  L. J. Burge  M. E. Payton 《Zoonoses and public health》2003,50(1):31-37

Susceptible calves were administered modified live virus (MLV) vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus‐1 (BHV1) and bovine viral diarrhoea type 1 (BVDV1a) strains intramuscularly, with one vaccine containing both MLV and inactivated BHV‐1 and inactivated BVDV1a. There was no evidence of transmission of vaccine (BHV‐1 and BVDV1a) strains to susceptible non‐vaccinated controls commingled with vaccinates. No vaccinates had detectable BHV‐1 in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) after vaccination. Each of three vaccines containing an MLV BVDV1a strain caused a transient BVDV vaccine induced viremia in PBL after vaccination, which was cleared as the calves developed serum BVDV1 antibodies. The vaccine containing both MLV and inactivated BHV‐1 induced serum BHV‐1 antibodies more rapid than MLV BHV‐1 vaccine. Two doses of MLV BHV‐1 (days 0 and 28) in some cases induced serum BHV‐1 antibodies to higher levels and greater duration than one dose.  相似文献   

Milk Progesterone Profile at and after Artificial Insemination in Repeat-Breeding Cows: Effects on Conception Rate and Embryonic Death     

ME Ghanem  T Nakao  K Nakatani  M Akita  T Suzuki 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(2):180-183

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the skim milk progesterone concentrations at artificial insemination (AI) and day of rise of post-ovulatory progesterone concentration thereafter affect the conception and embryonic death rates in repeat-breeding cows. Milk samples were obtained from 96 repeat-breeding cows that failed to conceive to three or more AIs. The samples were taken from the cows at the day of AI and three times/week until day 45 post-AI. Skim milk was obtained after centrifugation and used for progesterone assay. The cows with a progesterone concentration more than 0.5 ng/ml at AI showed a significantly higher incidence of late embryonic death than those having a progesterone concentration<0.5 ng/ml at AI (p<0.01). As the progesterone level at insemination rose, conception rate declined. A negative correlation was shown between conception rate and skim milk progesterone level at AI. Of 56 cows showing a rise of progesterone to 1 ng/ml or more within 6 days after AI, 28 cows (50%) conceived. On the contrary, only eight of 39 cows (20.5%) conceived when the progesterone rose up to 1 ng/ml after day 6 post-AI. We concluded that increased progesterone concentration at the time of AI and delayed rise of progesterone post-AI might lead to decrease in fertility in repeat-breeding cows.  相似文献