Glycemic Control and Muscle Damage in 3 Athletes With Type 1 Diabetes During a Successful Performance in a Relay Ultramarathon: A Case Report     

Taisa Belli  Denise V. de Macedo  Pedro P.M. Scariot  Gustavo G. de Araújo  Ivan G.M. dos Reis  Fernanda L. Lazarim  Lázaro A.S. Nunes  René Brenzikofer  Claudio A. Gobatto 《The Forestry Chronicle》2017,28(3):239-245

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Mineral nitrogen impairs the biological nitrogen fixation in soybean of determinate and indeterminate growth types     

Diogo Fernando Saturno  Paula Cerezini  Pedro Moreira da Silva  Arnold Barbosa de Oliveira  Maria Cristina Neves de Oliveira  Mariangela Hungria 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(12):1690-1701

Soybean (Glycine max Merrill) crop production in Brazil relies mainly on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) for nitrogen (N) supply. Recent adoption of indeterminate growth-type genotypes has raised doubts on the need for supplemental mineral N that might negatively affect the BNF. We assessed the effects of mineral N on BNF attributes of soybean genotypes grown in central and southern Brazil. Genotypes were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and/or received mineral N in three sets of experiments. In the first set, two genotypes received increasing rates of mineral N in nutrient solution, which consistently reduced the BNF. In the second set, mineral N applied at sowing and/or topdressing reduced nodulation and ureides-N in determinate and indeterminate growth-type genotypes. In the third set, mineral N applied at R5.3 stage, foliar or as topdressing, did not increase grain yield in four field experiments. Mineral N impaired BNF irrespective of the growth type and had no effect on grain yield.  相似文献   

Threshold temperatures and degree-day estimates for development of post-dormancy larvae of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Monochamus galloprovincialis</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)     

Pedro Naves  Edmundo de Sousa 《Journal of pest science》2009,82(1):1-6

Developmental thresholds and thermal requirements for development of post-dormancy larvae of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Cerambycidae; Monochamini) were studied at ten constant temperatures ranging from 7 to 35°C. The relationship between temperature and development duration in days was linear between 15 and 30°C (r ²  = 0.98). The lower threshold for development was determined to be 12.2 ± 0.8°C and an average of 822 degree-days (DD) above that value was required for 50% adult emergence under laboratory conditions. The rate of larval development decreased above 30°C and the lethal upper threshold was between 32 and 35°C. Degree-day rate summation was initiated in the first of March and model predictions were validated with records of field emergence for the years 2001 to 2004. The modified sine wave predicted median emergence with an average error of 3.8 days from emergences in the field and a zero-day difference for two of the years. Model predictions were always within 10% of actual observed emergences. Predictions for early emergences (cumulative percentiles 1 and 10) were less accurate than predictions for median and late emergencies. The results suggest that a simple linear method driven by air temperatures can predict the emergence of M. galloprovincialis with sufficient accuracy to improve the pest management programmes currently implemented on the pine wilt disease affected zone in Portugal.  相似文献   

Why do large,nitrogen rich seedlings better resist stressful transplanting conditions? A physiological analysis in two functionally contrasting Mediterranean forest species   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bárbara Cuesta  Pedro Villar-Salvador  Jaime Puértolas  Douglass F. Jacobs  José M. Rey Benayas 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

We analysed the physiological bases that explain why large and high nitrogen (N) concentration seedlings frequently have improved survival and growth relative to small seedlings in Mediterranean woodland plantations. Large seedlings of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) and holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) with high N concentration (L+), and small seedlings with either high (S+) or low (S−) N concentration, were planted on two sites of different weed competition intensity that created contrasting stress conditions. Seedling survival, growth, gas exchange, N remobilization (N_R) and uptake (N_U), and water potential were assessed through the first growing season. Weeds reduced survival and growth, but seedling response to weed competition varied among phenotypes and between species. At the end of the first growing season, L+ Aleppo pine seedlings had higher survival than both small seedling types in presence of weeds but no differences were observed in absence of weeds. Mortality differences among phenotypes occurred in spring but not in summer. L+ Aleppo pines grew more than small Aleppo pines independently of weed competition. No holm oak seedling type survived in presence of weeds and no mortality differences among phenotypes where observed in absence of weeds, although L+ holm oak seedlings grew more than small seedlings. Mortality and growth differences in Aleppo pine were linked to marked physiological differences among phenotypes while physiological differences were small among holm oak phenotypes. L+ Aleppo pines had greater root growth, gas exchange, N_R, and N_U than small seedlings, irrespective of their N concentration. Seedling size in Aleppo pine had a greater role in the performance of transplanted seedlings than N concentration. The functional differences among oak phenotypes were small whereas they were large in pine seedlings, which led to smaller differences in transplanting performance in holm oak than in pine. This suggests that the nursery seedling quality improvement for planting in dry sites could depend on the species-specific phenotypic plasticity and functional strategy. Improved transplanting performance in large Aleppo pine seedlings relative to small seedlings was linked to greater gas exchange, root growth and N cycling.  相似文献   

Effect of diet inclusion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tithonia diversifolia</Emphasis> on feed intake,digestibility and nitrogen balance in tropical sheep     

Uriel Ramírez-Rivera  José Roberto Sanginés-García  José Guadalupe Escobedo-Mex  Fanny Cen-Chuc  Juan Antonio Rivera-Lorca  Pedro Enrique Lara-Lara 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,80(2):295-302

Feed intake and digestibility were evaluated in sheep fed low quality Taiwan grass supplemented with Tithonia diversifolia. Four wether hair sheep were housed in metabolic cages and fed with either Control concentrate 20%, Tithonia 20, 35 or 50% in a Latin Square design. Adaptation and, feces and urine collection periods were 14 and 7 days, respectively. Feed intake was increased (P < 0.01) from 58.5 in control to 86.1 g/kg^0.75 in sheep fed Tithonia. NDF intake and digestibility were affected by Tithonia level. Nitrogen intake increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increase in feces and urine excretion. N retention was similar (P > 0.1) among sheep fed Tithonia, but different (P < 0.05) from control. Inclusion of Tithonia foliage at 20% of the DM diet of hair sheep improved their intake of low quality Taiwan grass and nitrogen retention. Higher levels of Tithonia in the diet, however, increase nitrogen loss in feces and urine.  相似文献   

Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in canine sebaceous gland tumours     

Pedro J. Ginel  Rosario Lucena  Yolanda Millán  Sonia González‐Medina  Silvia Guil  José García‐Monterde  Antonio Espinosa de los Monteros  Juana Martín de las Mulas 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(3):297-302

Sebaceous gland oestrogen α (ERα) and progesterone (PR) receptor expression was examined immunohistochemically in 26 and 32 dogs respectively with sebaceous gland hyperplasia/adenomas, epitheliomas and carcinomas, and in the glands of 10 healthy controls. The mean percentage of ERα positive nuclei in control sebaceous glands was 21.31% compared with 11.5% in hyperplasia/adenoma‐type lesions, although these values were not statistically different. In sebaceous gland epitheliomas and carcinomas, positive basal cells represented 7.86% and 3.53% of neoplastic cells respectively and these mean percentages were significantly lower in epitheliomas (P < 0.024) and carcinomas (P < 0.015) than in controls. The mean percentage of PR‐positive nuclei in control sebaceous glands was 23.96%, similar to the 22.07% found in hyperplasia/adenoma‐type lesions. In sebaceous gland epitheliomas and carcinomas, positive cells were scarce and represented 13.5% and 4.06% of neoplastic cells respectively. Differences in the percentage of positive cells between normal and pathological glands reached statistical significance for carcinomas (P < 0.043). In the control group there was greater PR (P < 0.001) and ERα expression (P < 0.014) in sebaceous glands in female dogs. The PR and ERα immunoreactivity in each category of neoplastic lesions could not be analysed because sample size was too small but when all the sebaceous gland tumours were grouped and analysed, no sex difference was found. The results suggest that oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression is reduced in some canine sebaceous gland tumours. These changes may represent a contributing factor for tumour growth or simply be a consequence of tumour progression.  相似文献   

Leishmanicidal activity of Pentalinon andrieuxii     

Lezama-Dávila CM  Isaac-Márquez AP  Zamora-Crescencio P  Uc-Encalada Mdel R  Justiniano-Apolinar SY  del Angel-Robles L  Satoskar A  Hernández-Rivero L 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(3):255-257

Extracts of the root of Pentalinon andrieuxii, vernacular name of "contrahierva" (solen ak' in Mayan language, were investigated for their lethal effect on the protozoa Leishmania mexicana. The hexanes extract was highly effective to delay and eventually stop parasite survival.  相似文献   

Insecticide resistance in field populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) in Murcia (south-east Spain)     

Espinosa PJ  Bielza P  Contreras J  Lacasa A 《Pest management science》2002,58(9):967-971

Thirty-nine field populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) were collected from different crops (sweet pepper, tomato, lettuce, artichoke, melon, cucumber, carnation, broad bean, peach and plum) in Murcia (south-east Spain). All populations were reared separately in the laboratory to obtain enough individuals for bioassays. Female thrips were bioassayed, using a standard topical application method, against methiocarb, methamidophos, acrinathrin, endosulfan, deltamethrin and formetanate. Methiocarb was the only insecticide that showed a high efficacy against F occidentalis at field dose rates. Acrinathrin and methamidophos were moderately effective, while endosulfan and deltamethrin were ineffective. Only moderate levels of resistance (Resistance Ratios at LC50 of 10-30) were detected for the selective insecticides methiocarb, formetanate and acrinathrin used against F occidentalis in crops where these insecticides are used intensively. This generalized and low level of resistance to these insecticides, coupled with a lack of efficacy for the three broad-spectrum insecticides, was observed even in intensively managed vegetable crops. Implementation of IPM strategies in Murcia has contributed to more successful insecticide anti-resistance management.  相似文献   

Genetic and Morphological Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum Causing Anthracnose of Lupins     

Talhinhas P  Sreenivasaprasad S  Neves-Martins J  Oliveira H 《Phytopathology》2002,92(9):986-996

ABSTRACT Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sp., is a serious problem of lupins (Lupinus spp.) worldwide. Morphological characters and molecular markers were used to characterize 43 Colletotrichum isolates from lupins, 8 isolates from other hosts, and 18 reference isolates representing related Colletotrichum spp., to assess the pathogen diversity and resolve its taxonomy. All lupin Colletotrichum isolates tested positive with C. acutatum-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and did not test positive with C. gloeosporioides-specific PCR. Spore shape and colony diameter as well as insensitivity to benomyl grouped the lupin anthracnose isolates closer to C. acutatum than to C. gloeosporioides. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 57 Colletotrichum isolates grouped all lupin isolates with C. acutatum and distinct from C. gloeosporioides. Further, tub2 and his4 sequences revealed groups concordant with ITS, reducing the excessive dependence on the latter. Arbitrarily primed-PCR and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed intraspecific subgroups, but neither was useful to decipher species level relationships. ITS, tub2, and his4 results strongly support designating lupin anthracnose pathogen as C. acutatum or its subspecies. Most Colletotrichum isolates from lupins from worldwide locations are genetically homogeneous and form a distinct subgroup within C. acutatum. Present results also underline the potential of the C. acutatum-specific PCR for routine pathogen diagnosis.  相似文献   

Techniques and parameters used in compatibility tests between Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill and in vitro phytosanitary products     

Da Silva RZ  Neves PM 《Pest management science》2005,61(7):667-674

The objective of this work was to test and compare different techniques used in tests for compatibility between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill and phytosanitary products, in order to develop a protocol for in vitro tests. Four modes of contact were studied between B bassiana (CG432) and the fungicides iprodione (Rovral) 500 g litre(-1) SC) and azoxystrobin (Amistar) 500 g kg(-1) WG), and the insecticide endosulfan (Thiodan) 350 g litre(-1) EC), at three rates. The techniques consisted in incorporating the products into the culture medium (IM), combining the conidia into the products mix (MP) and spraying the products before (SB) and after (SA) inoculation of the fungus on Petri dishes. The fungitoxic effect of the products was studied on the basis of parameters such as germination, colony-forming units (CFUs), vegetative growth and sporulation. The effect of azoxystrobin on conidial germination was significantly higher in the IM technique than in the other techniques. With regard to CFUs, the IM and SB techniques showed the greatest differences relative to the control. Vegetative growth and sporulation were more affected when azoxystrobin was sprayed before the fungus was applied. At the commercial rate, iprodione had a greater effect on the CFU parameter in the IM and MP techniques, and on vegetative growth in the IM technique, than the other techniques used; however, there was no significant difference occurred between the techniques at the commercial rate with respect to germination and sporulation. Endosulfan was more toxic to germination in techniques SB and SA, and to the CFUs parameter in techniques IM and MP. As to vegetative growth and sporulation, regardless of rate, a more pronounced effect was observed in IM than in the other techniques. It can be inferred that there are differences between techniques and that a standardization of the compatibility tests is necessary. Another inference is that these techniques should reflect realistic exposure of the fungus to chemical formulations under field conditions.  相似文献