高温干旱胁迫对黄薇抗氧化防御系统的影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

顾帆  季梦成  顾翠花  郑钢  郑绍宇 《浙江农林大学学报》2019,36(5):894-901

黄薇Heimia myrtifolia是具有较高价值的引种植物,但对其引种后的适应性研究仍较缺乏。为了探究黄薇对高温干旱及协同胁迫的响应,采用人工模拟自然状态下干旱（对照、轻度干旱、中度干旱和重度干旱）,高温（30,36和42℃）及高温干旱协同胁迫对黄薇叶片抗氧化防御系统的影响。结果显示:干旱胁迫下,过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）质量摩尔浓度显著增加（P < 0.05）,脂膜过氧化程度加深,抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH）循环相关酶活性和相关还原物质均呈先上升后下降趋势,在中度胁迫下达到顶峰,与对照相比均显著增加（P < 0.05）。高温胁迫下,抗氧化酶效率和AsA-GSH循环效率均有提高。高温干旱协同胁迫下,黄薇受到的伤害明显大于单一胁迫,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和POD显著上升（P < 0.05）并于中度胁迫时达到顶峰,MDA质量摩尔浓度显著增加（P < 0.05）,AsA-GSH循环效率均有提高但在中度胁迫下开始下降,脂膜过氧化随着胁迫加深显著加剧,重度胁迫下已无法维持正常生长。黄薇在高温干旱胁迫下可以通过调节抗氧化酶系统和AsA-GSH循环共同清除氧化物质,提高抗胁迫能力,维持正常生长发育。  相似文献   

Leucine 7 to proline 7 polymorphism in the neuropeptide Y gene and changes in serum lipids during a family-based counselling intervention among school-aged children with a family history of CVD     

Salminen M  Lehtimäki T  Fan YM  Vahlberg T  Kivelä SL 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(11):1156-1162

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Trends in grain yields and soil organic C in a long‐term fertilization experiment in the China Loess Plateau     

Tinglu Fan  Minggang Xu  Shangyou Song  Guangye Zhou  Linping Ding 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2008,171(3):448-457

Changes in grain yields and soil organic carbon (SOC) from a 26 y dryland fertilization trial in Pingliang, Gansu, China, were recorded. Cumulative C inputs from straw and root and manure for fertilizer treatments were estimated. Mean wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields for the 18 y ranged from 1.72 t ha^–1 for the unfertilized plots (CK) to 4.65 t ha^–1 for the plots that received manure (M) annually with inorganic N and P fertilizers (MNP). Corn (Zea mays L.) yields for the 6 y averaged 2.43 and 5.35 t ha^–1 in the same treatments. Yields declined with year except in the CK for wheat. Wheat yields for N only declined with time by 117.8 kg ha^–1 y^–1 that was the highest decrease among all treatments, and that for NP declined by 84.7 kg ha^–1 y^–1, similar to the declines of 77.4 kg ha^–1 y^–1 for the treatment receiving straw and N annually and P every second year (SNP). Likewise, the corn yields declined highly for all treatments, and the declined amounts ranged from 108 to 258 kg ha^–1 y^–1 which was much higher than in wheat. These declined yields were mostly linked to both gradual dry weather and nutrients depletion of the soil. The N only resulted in both P and K deficiency in the soil, and soil N and K negative balances in the NP and MNP were obvious. Soil organic carbon (SOC) in the 0–20 cm soil layer increased with time except in the CK and N treatments, in which SOC remained almost stable. In the MNP and M treatments, 24.7% and 24.0% of the amount of cumulative C input from organic sources remained in the soil as SOC, but 13.7% of the C input from straw and root in the SNP, suggesting manure is more effective in building soil C than straw. Across the 26 y cropping and fertilization, annual soil‐C sequestration rates ranged from 0.014 t C ha^–1 y^–1 for the CK to 0.372 t C ha^–1 y^–1 for the MNP. We found a strong linear relationship (R² = 0.74, p = 0.025) between SOC sequestration and cumulative C input, with C conversion–to–SOC rate of 16.9%, suggesting these dryland soils have not reached an upper limit of C sequestration.  相似文献   

Influence of Amaranthus betacyanin pigments on the physical properties and color of wheat flours     

Zhu F  Cai YZ  Sun M  Corke H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(17):8212-8217

The effect of betacyanin pigments from Amaranthus tricolor and Amaranthus cruentus on chromatic and physicochemical properties of three wheat flours was studied. Addition of Amaranthus betacyanins increased the gelatinization temperatures (T(o), T(p), and T(c)) of all wheat flours without altering their transition ranges (T(c)-T(o)). The melting enthalpies (DeltaH) were either increased or decreased depending on the types of flour and pigment. Amaranthus betacyanins decreased the peak viscosity (PV), hot paste viscosity (HPV), cold paste viscosity (CPV), setback (SB), and pasting time (PT) of all flours and increased the breakdown (BD). Texture profile analysis (TPA) showed that Amaranthus betacyanins decreased hardness, and gumminess, and increased cohesiveness of all gels, without altering adhesiveness. Chromatic investigation exhibited that A. tricolor and A. cruentus pigments imparted gels with red and orange-yellow hues with favorable color stability.  相似文献   

江西红壤地区农田生态系统大气氮沉降通量的研究   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

王体健  刘倩  赵恒  周静  樊建凌 《土壤学报》2008,45(2):281-287

2004年12月至2005年11月在江西鹰潭中国科学院红壤生态实验站进行了为期1a的大气氮沉降的外场观测试验。本文对观测得到的数据资料进行分析,定量给出了农田生态系统大气氮化物浓度和氮沉降通量。结果表明,鹰潭地区农田下垫面大气中NH3、NOx和ON(有机氮)的平均浓度分别为24.6、3.54、7.2μgm-3。气溶胶中铵盐、硝酸盐、ON的平均浓度分别为4.16、4.64、0.92μgm-3。降水中NH4+离子、NO3-离子、ON的平均浓度分别为0.89、0.73、0.26mgL-1。全年大气氮沉降总量为N6.26gm-2,其中干沉降为N3.19gm-2,占总沉降量的51%;湿沉降为N3.07gm-2,占总沉降量的49%。无机氮沉降为N5.47gm-2,占总沉降量的87.4%;有机氮沉降为N0.79gm-2,占总沉降量的12.6%。与草地、森林、湖泊等其他下垫面相比,江西红壤地区农田下垫面大气氮沉降量相对较大,对农田生态系统氮素平衡将产生重要影响。  相似文献   

青海省公路弃土场土壤侵蚀规律天然降雨试验研究   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

何凡  尹婧  陈宗伟  陈学平  江玉林  张翔 《水土保持通报》2008,28(2):131-134

以青海省平阿高速公路弃土场作为研究对象,在雨季进行了天然降雨试验研究,分析了弃土场土壤侵蚀特征及影响因素.结果表明,该区弃土场土壤侵蚀与降雨量和降雨强度有密切的相关关系,大部分土壤侵蚀均发生在降雨较大的7-9这3个月.在40°左右的坡度条件下,坡度变化对土壤侵蚀量的影响很大,坡度稍有增加,水土流失就会大幅增加;在植被建植初期,耕作土比红弃土更易发生水土流失.  相似文献   

微域尺度苏打碱土的特征与植被的分布规律     

罗金明  邓伟  张晓平  杨帆  易富科 《水土保持通报》2008,28(3):28-33

探讨了微域尺度(32 m长的横剖面)苏打碱土的特征以及植被分布规律.结果表明,沿洼地向高平地土壤表现为盐化草甸土-浅位柱状苏打碱土-白盖苏打碱土-中位柱状苏打碱土的分布格局.植被为圆叶碱毛茛/蔚蓄蓼群落、鹅绒委陵菜群落、羊草/寸草苔群落、裸地以及羊草/星星草/虎尾草群落,其中委陵菜/篇蓄蓼群落、羊草/苔草群落沿洼地呈环状分布,裸地以及碱茅/虎尾草/羊草群落呈斑状分布.洼地边缘的植被具有最高的物种丰富度和覆盖度,生物量也最高;高平地的植被矮小,生物量较少.裸地的盐分含量较高(可达3.38%),土体紧实,限制了植被生长.  相似文献   

ALA提高丙酯草醚胁迫下油菜幼苗耐性研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张文芳  张帆  金宗来  黄冲平  唐桂香  叶庆富  周伟军 《核农学报》2008,22(4):488-494

对油菜幼苗叶面喷施不同浓度的丙酯草醚(ZJ0273)和5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA),研究了ALA与丙酯草醚协同处理对苗期的油菜是否安全。结果表明,丙酯草醚随浓度从100~1000mg/L变化,逐渐抑制油菜幼苗生长,鲜重减少,净光合速率和叶绿素含量降低;过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性下降,丙二醛(MDA)积累提高。而10~100mg/L的ALA则促进油菜幼苗生长,增加植株的鲜重、净光合速率并提高了叶绿素含量,POD、SOD和APX酶活性均比对照显著提高,MDA积累减少;500mg/L的ALA效果相反,表现为抑制作物生长。100mg/L ALA和不同浓度的丙酯草醚协同处理,油菜幼苗均比对照生长的更好,鲜重增加,净光合速率提高,抗氧化酶活性增加,MDA积累减少。因此,ALA可以提高油菜幼苗在除草剂丙酯草醚胁迫下的耐性。  相似文献   

土壤热参数确定方法比较与修正   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

李婷  王全九  樊军 《农业工程学报》2008,24(3):59-64

土壤热参数是分析研究土壤热传递的基本参数,寻求确定热参数简单方法是研究的热点问题.该文利用自行研制的土壤热特性试验系统,测定了4种质地土壤热特性,计算了不同质地土壤在不同含水率、不同容重情况下的热扩散率,进一步推导出不同情况下的导热率,并与Campbell经验公式计算的导热率进行比较,发现计算值与实测值相差较大,并对Campbell经验公式进行修正,同时对修正经验公式进行分析、检验,并讨论此经验公式的适用范围.结果显示在体积含水率小于20%的时候,修正经验公式可以用于计算导热率.  相似文献   

湿润速度对土壤表面强度和土壤团聚体结构的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

范云涛  雷廷武  蔡强国 《农业工程学报》2008,24(5):46-50

为揭示地表结皮形成的物理机制和防止结皮形成的措施提供理论支持,该文以中国3种典型的土壤(黄土、红壤和黑土)为研究对象,采用2mmI/h(慢速),10mm/h(中速),50mm/h(快速)3种湿润速度,研究无降雨条件下不同湿润速度对土壤表面强度和土壤团聚体结构的影响.结果表明:不同湿润速度对3种土壤的表面强度的影响程度由大到小为黄土,黑土,红壤;3种土壤中,红壤的团聚体稳定性最好,其次是黑土,黄土最差;除黄土和红壤各自慢速湿润与中速湿润对平均质量直径(MWD)的影响差异不显著,其余各种土壤不同湿润速度对MWD的影响差异均显著.  相似文献