Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle predictors of poor diets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Harrington J  Fitzgerald AP  Layte R  Lutomski J  Molcho M  Perry IJ 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(12):2166-2175

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A potato breeding technique used for Texas     

Bruce A. Perry  Robert V. Akeley Md.  W. B. Cook 《American Journal of Potato Research》1960,37(9):306-307

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Voluntary environmental initiatives: ISO14001 certified organisations in Singapore     

Sanjeev Singh  Martin Perry 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2000,41(3):269-278

The value of environmental regulation through command and control measures has been questioned because of inflexibility and high cost. Voluntary environmental initiatives have been proposed as an alternative approach to save costs, overcome problems of inadequate enforcement and monitoring and to take advantage of the environmental leadership of transnational corporations (TNCs). Amongst voluntary environmental initiatives certified environmental management system standards have so far had most impact in Singapore and the rest of Southeast Asia. This paper investigates the environmental policy statements of 52 ISO14001 certified organisations in Singapore and shows that the environmental commitments being made are no substitute for traditional environmental regulations.  相似文献   

A review of thermal stress in cattle     

RW Shephard  SK Maloney 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(11):417-429

Cattle control body temperature in a narrow range over varying climatic conditions. Endogenous body heat is generated by metabolism, digestion and activity. Radiation is the primary external source of heat transfer into the body of cattle. Cattle homeothermy uses behavioural and physiological controls to manage radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporative exchange of heat between the body and the environment, noting that evaporative mechanisms almost exclusively transfer body heat to the environment. Cattle control radiation by shade seeking (hot) and shelter (cold) and by huddling or standing further apart, noting there are intrinsic breed and age differences in radiative transfer potential. The temperature gradient between the skin and the external environment and wind speed (convection) determines heat transfer by these means. Cattle control these mechanisms by managing blood flow to the periphery (physiology), by shelter-seeking and standing/lying activity in the short term (behaviourally) and by modifying their coats and adjusting their metabolic rates in the longer term (acclimatisation). Evaporative heat loss in cattle is primarily from sweating, with some respiratory contribution, and is the primary mechanism for dissipating excess heat when environmental temperatures exceed skin temperature (~36°C). Cattle tend to be better adapted to cooler rather than hotter external conditions, with Bos indicus breeds more adapted to hotter conditions than Bos taurus. Management can minimise the risk of thermal stress by ensuring appropriate breeds of suitably acclimatised cattle, at appropriate stocking densities, fed appropriate diets (and water), and with access to suitable shelter and ventilation are better suited to their expected farm environment.  相似文献   

Response of laying hens to asymmetrical interrupted lighting regimens: physiological aspects     

P D Lewis  G C Perry 《British poultry science》1990,31(1):45-52

1. There were no significant differences in the mean time of oviposition, distribution of ovipositions over the 24 h or proportion of eggs laid in the modal 8 h when conventionally-lit hens were compared with hens which received interrupted lighting with the same apparent daylength. 2. Intermittently-lit hens performed 25% less feeding activity than conventionally-lit hens, but without a significant reduction in mean food intake. There were genetic differences in response of feeding rate to interrupted lighting. 3. Intermittently-illuminated hens consumed about 20% of their food during the scotoperiods which interrupted the apparent day of a 1.5L:0.5D:10(0.5L:0.5D):4L:8D regimen, although there was significant genetic variation from 10 to 22%. None of the genotypes ate during the 8-h night. 4. Across 4 genotypes neither crop weight nor rate of crop emptying was affected by the lighting treatments, although a heavier mean crop weight under interrupted lighting approached significance in one breed (P less than 0.10). 5. Interrupted lighting did not cause any ocular disorders.  相似文献   

Growth and reproductive performance of ewe lambs fed corn or soybean meal while grazing pasture     

R A Yoder  R E Hudgens  T W Perry  K D Johnson  M A Diekman 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(1):21-27

In a 2-yr study a total of 120 Suffolk and Suffolk-cross ewe lambs, approximately 3 mo of age, were assigned within weight strata to one of three treatments: 1) control, pasture only (C), 2) .09 kg soybean meal/(hd.d) (SBM) plus pasture or 3) .45 kg whole shelled corn/(hd.) plus pasture to compare growth and reproductive performance and to determine lamb selectivity of forage quality and type. Each year, supplements were offered from June through the 3rd wk in November. Ewe lambs were managed as one flock on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pastures except for a brief daily supplementation period when all lambs were brought into a corral and sorted into treatment groups for the feeding. Ewe lambs were exposed to fertile rams from October 1 through the 3rd wk of November each year. Growth rates of ewe lambs grazing pasture alone were slower than those of corn-supplemented ewe lambs and were comparable to those of SBM-supplemented ewe lambs, but reproductive performances were similar (P greater than .05). Date of first detected rise in serum concentrations of progesterone and date of first observed estrus and lambing performance were similar (P greater than .05) among treatments for each year. Compared to hand-clipped forage, forage samples collected by esophageally fistulated lambs were higher (P less than .05) in crude protein and lower (P less than .05) in acid detergent fiber each year, indicating that lambs selectively grazed higher-quality forage. These data indicate that neither protein nor energy limited growth or reproductive performance of these ewe lambs.  相似文献   

Polyculture of the Giant Malaysian Prawn and the Golden Shiner in Southwestern Louisiana1     

Gregory Scott  W. Guthrie Perry  James W. Avault 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1988,19(3):118-126

Juvenile prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were stocked at 37,050/ha and golden shiner (Noremigonus crysoleucas) fry at 321,100/ha into 16 earthen ponds at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, Louisiana. Four replicated treatments were tested: fed prawn monoculture, fed shiner monoculture, fed prawn and fed shiner polyculture, and unfed prawn fed shiner polyculture. The study lasted 149 days. There were no significant differences in growth between prawns fed in monoculture and prawns fed in polyculture (P > 0.05). However, fed prawns grew significantly larger (P < 0.05) than unfed prawns. Prawn survival in all treatments combined averaged 63%. Survival was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for fed prawns than for unfed prawns. Prawn yields averaged 533 kg/ha, when all treatments were combined. Yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for prawns grown with shiners and for prawns that received supplemental feed. Growth was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for shiners grown with fed prawns than for shiners grown with unfed prawns. Shiner survival averaged 33% and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in monoculture than in polyculture. Yield for all ponds averaged 392 kg/ha, with no significant differences between treatments (P > 0.05).  相似文献   

Primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma in a dog.     

R E Weller  G E Dagle  R L Perry  J F Park 《The Cornell veterinarian》1992,82(4):447-452

Extraosseous chondrosarcomas are uncommon in the dog, and those originating in the lung are rare. This report presents a 9-year-old Beagle dog with a pulmonary mass which caused depression, fever, tachypnea, cough, and laboratory abnormalities. The mass was composed predominantly of chondroid tissue, and was histologically diagnosed as chondrosarcoma.  相似文献   

Effects of interrupted lighting regimens on the feeding activity of the laying fowl     

P D Lewis  G C Perry 《British poultry science》1986,27(4):661-669

Segmentation of the main light period of an 8L:4D:2L:10D regimen into 30 min light, 30 min dark did not affect total feeding activity, rate of feeding or total intake of laying hens. When 15 min light and 45 min dark was provided each hour feeding activity and food intake were reduced, while rate of feeding and feeding during the dark periods increased. No feeding occurred in the 10 h 'night'. Hens subjected to interrupted lighting showed less feeding activity than those on a 14L:10D regimen. Insertion of a 4 h dark period in the 14 h subjective day of laying hens increased their rate of feeding, but reduced total intake. The pattern of feeding activity depended on the position of the 4 h dark period. The largest modification of feeding activity occurred on a 8L:4D:2L:10D regimen; 20% of activity occurred in the last 2 h of the apparent day. Feeding occurred during the 4 h dark period, but not during the 10 h 'night'.  相似文献   

Fecal proteolytic activity in clinically normal cats and in a cat with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency     

D A Williams  S D Reed  L Perry 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(2):210-212

Fecal proteolytic activity determined in single samples collected on each of 3 consecutive days from each of 20 clinically normal cats ranged from 19 to 363 azocasein units (ACU)/g of feces when determined colorimetrically, using azocasein substrate, and ranged from undetectable (in 1 sample from 1 cat) to 21 mm of gel-clearing when determined using radial enzyme diffusion in agar gels containing a casein substrate. Corresponding mean 3-day values for each cat ranged from 29 to 207 ACU/g and from 5 to 16 mm, respectively. Studies of proteolytic activity remaining after treatment of fecal extracts with a specific trypsin inhibitor indicated that trypsin accounted for 0 to 77% of proteolytic activity. In a cat with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, fecal proteolytic activity was 0, 0, and 3 ACU/g in a sample of feces collected from each of 3 consecutive days and was undetectable by use of radial enzyme diffusion. Assay of fecal proteolytic activity by use of either azocasein hydrolysis or radial enzyme diffusion allows evaluation of pancreatic function in cats, provided that several samples of feces are tested.  相似文献