The effect of increasing amount of glucogenic precursors on reproductive performance in young postpartum range cows     

Mulliniks JT  Kemp ME  Cox SH  Hawkins DE  Cibils AF  Vanleeuwen DM  Petersen MK 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(9):2932-2943

Supplementing CP and propionate salts (PS) may improve economic returns in young range beef cows by increasing the dietary supply of glucogenic precursors. A 3-yr study conducted at Corona Range and Livestock Research Center (Corona, NM) from February to mid-July in 2005 (n = 80), 2006 (n = 81), and 2007 (n = 80) evaluated days to first estrus, calf weaning weight, BW change, and metabolic responses in 2- and 3-yr-old postpartum cows grazing native range. Cows were individually fed one of three 36% CP supplement treatments after parturition, with increasing glucogenic potential (GP) supplied by RUP and PS. Supplements were isoenergetic and fed at a rate of 908 g/cow per day twice weekly. Supplementation was initiated 7 d after calving and continued for an average of 95 d. Supplement treatments provided 1) 328 g of CP, 110 g of RUP and 0 g of PS (PS0); 2) 328 g of CP, 157 g of RUP, and 40 g of PS (PS40); or 3) 329 g of CP, 158 g of RUP, and 80 g of PS (PS80). Ultimately, PS0, PS40, and PS80 provided 44, 93, and 124 g of GP, respectively. Body weight was recorded weekly and serum was collected twice weekly for progesterone analysis to estimate days to first estrus. Cows were exposed to bulls for 60 d or less beginning in mid-May. Days to first estrus exhibited a quadratic (P = 0.06) response to GP resulting from the fewest days to first estrus with the consumption of PS40. Pregnancy rates were 88, 96, and 94% for cows fed PS0, PS40, and PS80, respectively (P = 0.11). Total kilograms of calf weaned per cow exposed to bulls for the supplementation and following year increased quadratically (P = 0.09). However, supplement did not affect milk composition or yield (P ≥ 0.53). Serum acetate half-life decreased linearly (P = 0.08) with increasing GP in 2007. Predicted margins were the greatest (quadratic; P = 0.03) for cows fed PS40. Even though supplement costs were greater for PS40 and PS80, cows fed PS40 had increased profits ($33.47/cow) compared with cows fed PS0 and PS80. This study implies that young postpartum cows fed additional glucogenic precursors may have improved reproductive efficiency and may wean more calf weight per cow exposed to breeding.  相似文献   

Golden perspective: application of laser-generated gold nanoparticle conjugates in reproductive biology     

Barchanski A  Taylor U  Klein S  Petersen S  Rath D  Barcikowski S 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(Z3):42-52

The current demand for female calves has grown rapidly and controlling the sex of offspring provides an economically flexible management for the livestock producer. The only functioning method of efficiently producing separate populations of X and Y sperm in mammals is based on relative DNA differentiation by high-speed flow cytometry. In this context, gold nanoparticles conjugated to sex chromosome-specific moieties display promising application as novel fluorophor-alternative for the high-throughput screening, since they feature no photo bleaching, high quantum yield, good biocompatibility and the possibility of non-destructive membrane penetration. Especially, gold nanoparticles fabricated by pulsed laser ablation are in the recent focus of interest, due to excellent biocompatibility, fabrication-dependent, tuneable particle size as well as surface charge and ease of (bio)-functionalization with a remarkably strong ligand binding. For the purpose of our studies functionalized gold nanoparticles may be used as novel markers for sex-sorting of mammalian sperm and, depending on the selected probe, also for the selection of sperm with heritable DNA-sequences interesting for animal breeding.  相似文献   

Herb feeding increases n−3 and n−6 fatty acids in cow milk     

M.B. Petersen  K. Søegaard  S.K. Jensen 《Livestock Science》2011,141(1):90-94

Most work dealing with the impact of species-rich herbage on milk fatty acid content has hitherto been carried out in alpine areas or semi-natural grasslands. The main objective of the present study was to examine the effect of herbs sown and intensively managed in a lowland sward on the concentration of n−3 and n−6 fatty acids and vitamins in cows' milk compared to clover grass and total mixed ration (TMR) feeding. Twelve cows were housed in tie-stall and randomly allocated to three diets fed ad libitum for 14 days: HERBS (mixture of fresh herbs); CLOVER (mixture of fresh white clover and ryegrass); or TMR (total mixed ration based on silage and concentrate). n−3 fatty acid (FA) content was similar between the three diets, while n−6 FA content was highest in the TMR diet. A twofold increase in n−3 FA concentration in milk was observed when feeding HERBS compared to CLOVER and TMR (0.8, 0.4 and 0.3 g/kg milk, respectively). n−6 FA concentration increased as well when feeding HERBS (1.4, 0.9 and 1.0 g/kg milk for HERBS, CLOVER and TMR, respectively). Transfer efficiency from feed to milk was doubled for n−3 FA when feeding HERBS and for transfer efficiency of n−6 FA from feed to milk an increase of 28% was observed for HERBS compared to CLOVER. Retinol content was highest in HERBS milk, while there was no difference in α-tocopherol and ß-carotene milk content between the three diets. The results thus support previous findings on the effect of herbs on the milk fatty acid profile, but it will require further research to understand the effect of herbs on n−3 and n−6 FA concentration in milk. In conclusion, milk content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), like n−3 and n−6 FA, was significantly increased when herbs constituted the major part of the herbage, despite lower or similar dietary content of n−3 and n−6 FA in herbs compared to clover grass- and TMR diets.  相似文献   

The treatment of insertion desmopathy in the metatarsus of horses     

R Tscheuschner  W Richter  O Dietz  R Petersen 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1991,19(2):163-166

Metacarpal or metatarsal exostoses were diagnosed in 112 horses used for sport purposes between January 1976 to December 1987. Fourteen of these patients were treated surgically by subperiosteal removal of the exostosis. All animals which could be followed up had returned to their original use. The average time of use after discharge from the clinic was 38.4 months. Surgery was successful in completely removing the exostoses in 58.3% of these horses. The indications for anaesthesia and resection of the ulnar nerve are discussed.  相似文献   

Nitrogen cycling in organic farming systems with rotational grass–clover and arable crops     

J. Berntsen    R. Grant    J. E. Olesen    I. S. Kristensen    F. P. Vinther    J. P. Mølgaard  & B. M. Petersen 《Soil Use and Management》2006,22(2):197-208

Organic farming is considered an effective means of reducing nitrogen losses compared with more intensive conventional farming systems. However, under certain conditions, organic farming may also be susceptible to large nitrogen (N) losses. This is especially the case for organic dairy farms on sandy soils that use grazed grass–clover in rotation with cereals. A study was conducted on two commercial organic farms on sand and loamy sand soils in Denmark. On each farm, a 3‐year‐old grass–clover field was selected. Half of the field was ploughed the first year and the other half was ploughed the following year. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was sown after ploughing in spring. Measurements showed moderate N leaching during the pasture period (9–64 kg N ha^?1 year^?1) but large amounts of leaching in the first (63–216 kg N ha^?1) and second (61–235 kg N ha^?1) year after ploughing. There was a small yield response to manure application on the sandy soil in both the first and second year after ploughing. To investigate the underlying processes affecting the residual effects of pasture and N leaching, the dynamic whole farm model farm assessment tool (FASSET) was used to simulate the treatments on both farms. The simulations agreed with the observed barley N‐uptake. However, for the sandy soil, the simulation of nitrate leaching and mineral nitrogen in the soil deviated considerably from the measurements. Three scenarios with changes in model parameters were constructed to investigate this discrepancy. These scenarios suggested that the organic matter turnover model should include an intermediate pool with a half‐life of about 2–3 years. There might also be a need to include effects of soil disturbance (tillage) on the soil organic matter turnover.  相似文献   

Iodine allowance of fattening pigs]     

U Petersen  H Vemmer  H J Oslage 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1979,86(10):394-398

  相似文献   

The effect of social isolation,gender and familiarity with the experimental procedure on tests of porcine nociceptive thresholds          下载免费PDF全文

Pierpaolo Di Giminiani  Julie S Stausholm  Eliina Viitasaari  Lars J Petersen  Mette S Herskin 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(6):648-656

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of habituation and isolation on mechanical nociceptive thresholds in pigs at the pelvic limbs and at the tail.Study designProspective randomized multifactorial study.AnimalsThirty-two healthy castrated male (experiment 1), and 12 castrated male and 12 female (experiment 2) Danish Landrace × Yorkshire pigs, weighing 63.5 ± 0.8 kg and 55.4 ± 0.6 kg (the mean ± SD, experiment 1 and 2, respectively).MethodsMechanical nociceptive thresholds were quantified with a von Frey anesthesiometer applied to two distinct anatomical regions (tail and pelvic limbs). Pigs receiving the mechanical challenge in the pelvic limbs were tested inside a cage, whereas pigs exposed to stimuli at the tail region were tested in an open arena. For both experiments, the effect of familiarity to the procedure was evaluated by comparing thresholds of nociception in habituated versus naïve pigs. The presence of a companion animal was also evaluated in pigs receiving stimuli at the pelvic limbs.ResultsPigs tested inside the cage were affected by the habituation to the procedure as indicated by the increase in willingness and time spent by the animals in the test cage. This effect was reflected in the lower mechanical nociceptive thresholds (medians with 25–75 percentiles) recorded for familiar pigs compared with naïve animals [495 g (302–675) versus 745 g (479–1000), respectively; p = 0.026]. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds measured at the tail of the pigs in the open arena were not affected by the familiarity of the animals with the experimental procedure.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe current results reiterate the value of habituation in research involving animal behaviour. Further characterization of the methodology is needed to allow its application in the evaluation of clinical conditions in pigs.  相似文献   

1,4-Dimethoxyglucobrassicin in Barbarea and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin in Arabidopsis and Brassica     

Agerbirk N  Petersen BL  Olsen CE  Halkier BA  Nielsen JK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(3):1502-1507

A novel indole glucosinolate, 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin (1,4-dimethoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate), was isolated as the desulfo derivative from roots of the P-type of Barbarea vulgaris ssp. arcuata, and its structure was determined by spectroscopy including 2D NMR spectroscopy. 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin (4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate) was isolated as the desulfo derivative from green siliques (fruits) of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified by comparison of its (1)H NMR spectrum with the spectrum of the known desulfoglucosinolate from Brassica napus. The delayed elution of desulfo indole glucosinolates from the DEAE Sephadex column used in sample preparation was examined, and the diode-array UV spectra of desulfo indole glucosinolates were measured, to ensure a reliable determination of 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin with the existing analysis method based on the HPLC of desulfoglucosinolates. 1,4-Dimethoxyglucobrassicin was not detected in 10 other Arabidopsis, Brassica, and Barbarea species, indicating an evolutionarily recent mutation in the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis in B. vulgaris ssp. arcuata type P.  相似文献   

Genetic Correlations Between Beef Traits Measured on Young Performance Test Bulls and Daughter Milk Yield     

J. H. Jakobsen  P. Madsen  J. Jensen  P. H. Petersen  G. Aa. Pedersen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):39-46

In a breeding programme where young potential breeding bulls are reared on performance test stations, selection based on own results can be carried out before test inseminations. Both beef and milk production traits are included in the total merit index used for selection, and estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters of these traits are therefore of interest for an optimal construction of such indices. Data on first lactation milk records from the field and beef records of potential dairy breeding bulls from the Danish performance test stations were analysed in bivariate animal-sire models using the AI-REML algorithm. Genetic correlations of 0.16, 0.25 and 0.43 between feed intake capacity and protein yield were obtained for Red Danish (RD), Danish Black and White (DBW) and Danish Jersey (DJ), respectively. These correlations were significantly different from zero for the two populations (DBW and DJ). Genetic correlations around zero between feed efficiency and protein yield were obtained for all three populations. Genetic correlations of 0.44, 0.19 and 0.47 between average daily gain and protein yield were obtained for RD, DBW and DJ, respectively. The genetic correlations between protein yield and muscle area was close to zero for DBW, while it was -0.31 for RD. Selection index calculations indicate that indices composed of different beef performance traits can be used as early predictors for milk yield. Selection on such an index could increase the breeding value of the young bulls for milk production traits by 0.8-2.0% of the population mean.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Breeding Value and Selection of Bull Dams in the Danish Dairy Breeds: II. Model Calculations of the Effect of Bias on the Efficiency of Selection     

Gert Aamand Pedersen  Poul H. Petersen  Lars Gjøl Christensen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):32-35

Abstract

Alternative selection strategies in the bull dam path were investigated to reduce the magnitude of bias. The study's objective was to examine the effect of alternative strategies under the assumption of particular biases. Bias in the evaluation of bull dam estimated breeding values (EBVs) causes an estimated reduction of 32% in their genetic superiority, compared with the theoretical potential. Biased evaluations caused selection of too many bull dams from later lactations. Two alternative strategies were developed to account for existing bias. Results suggested that the influence of bias could be reduced. The estimated improvement in selection response was 11–13% higher than current practice. Problems with biased EBVs in conventional breeding schemes are discussed and a method to counteract bias from future breeding schemes is presented.  相似文献