Evaluation of ear tags impregnated with cypermethrin for the control of sheep body lice (Damalinia ovis)     

PJ JAMES  P ERKERLENZ†  RJ MEADE† 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):128-131

The application of polymer matrix ear tags impregnated with 8.5% w/w cypermethrin to 6 wethers following shearing reduced lice to non-detectable levels on 4 of them at 29 weeks after tagging. At the conclusion of the study at 45 weeks the mean count of lice on tagged wethers was 3 per sheep compared to 158 on untreated wethers. In a second experiment, 6 non-infected sheep were treated at shearing with cypermethrin tags, 6 with 25 g/l cypermethrin backline formulation, 6 with tags plus backline and 6 were left untreated. Each group was exposed to 6 sheep with moderate to heavy infestations of lice. Compared to controls, all treatments delayed infestation, but cypermethrin tags gave no longer protection than backline treatment. All sheep were infested by 17 weeks after commencement of the study. At 45 weeks mean counts of lice were 38, 27, 20 and 74 respectively for sheep treated with tags, backline formulation, backline plus tags and untreated. Possible reasons for the better effect observed from applying tags to infested sheep than to sheep which were not infected at application but which were subsequently exposed to infested sheep are discussed.  相似文献   

Development of a forest certification standard compatible with PEFC and FSC's management requirements. A case study from Greece     

Georgiadis  Nicholas M.; Cooper  RJ 《Forestry》2007,80(2):113-135

Greece currently has no national forest certification standard.This paper explains how a draft forest management standard forGreece was developed to be compatible with both the Forest StewardshipCouncil and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certificationschemes requirements. The draft standard was tested in two contrastingforest areas to investigate its ease of operation, to indicatenecessary refinements to the standard and to reveal major areasof weakness in current forest management practices. Field testingshowed that the standard was operationally efficient and thatrelatively few changes to the standard were necessary. Majorweaknesses in current management practices were identified asbreaches of health and safety, poor training of forest workersand inadequate consultation with stakeholders.  相似文献   

Rater Agreement on Gait Assessment during Neurologic Examination of Horses     

E. Olsen  B. Dunkel  W.H.J. Barker  E.J.T. Finding  J.D. Perkins  T.H. Witte  L.J. Yates  P.H. Andersen  K. Baiker  R.J. Piercy 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):630-638

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Morphological and histological changes inthe genital ducts ofthe male Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina, during the seasonal reproductive cycle     

A. Piercy  J. Gelsleichter  F.F. Snelson Jr. 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,29(1):23-35

Changes inthe morphology and histologyofthe epididymis and seminal vesicle in male Atlantic stingrays (Dasyatis sabina) were examined in relation tothe seasonal reproductive cycle. Observations onthe size and structureofthese organs were accompanied by analysisof cell proliferation in genital duct epithelia using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a marker for mitotic activity. No signsof reproductive tract growth or histological alteration were apparent duringthe initial stagesof spermatogenesis. However, increased PCNA expression inthe seminal vesicle epithelium was observed during this period, suggesting that this organ begins to undergo preparatory changes at an early stage inthe reproductive cycle. During late spermatogenesis, heightened expressionof PCNA in epithelial cellsofthe epididymis and seminal vesicle was observed in conjunction with dramatic increases in size and semen contentofthese organs. Extensive changes inthe histological architectureofthe genital ducts also were evident at this time, including regressionofthe stroma and an increase in size and secretory activityofthe epithelium. Althoughthe epididymis regressed in size and structure shortly after sperm production was completed,the seminal vesicle retained its appearance and activity forthe durationofthe 7-month copulatory period. Afterwards, immune cell content increased considerably in both ducts, likely reflecting clearanceof residual spermatozoa in preparation forthe subsequent reproductive season.the present study provides a basis for future reports onthe physiological regulationof reproductive tract function in elasmobranchs, and establishes PCNA immunocytochemistry as a novel tool for such investigations.  相似文献   

Hypertrophic osteopathy in an alpaca     

C. CURTIS  AJ DART  RJ RAWLINSON  DR HODGSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(1):61-62

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Physiological and biochemical consequences of electroimobilisation in conscious sheep     

TR KUCHEL  LE MATHER†  WB RUNCIMAN†  RJ CARAPETIS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(2):33-38

An electroimmobilisation device has been developed to facilitate the automated shearing of sheep, but there is little information on its effects on the body. We have studied its effects on the cardiovascular system and on intermediary metabolism in sheep. Electroimmobilisation caused statistically significant increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, renal and hepatic and hindquarter glucose and lactate flux, organ and whole body oxygen flux, hindquarter blood flow and core temperature and decreases in arterial and posterior vena cava blood pH, renal and hepatic blood flow and PaCO2. Notably, no change occurred in PaO2. The metabolic changes demonstrated the capacity of sheep to respond to the increased muscular and cardiovascular work induced by electroimmobilisation. Pulmonary function was not compromised during electroimmobilisation as judged from blood gas changes, and the acid/base changes were rapidly reversed after electroimmobilisation. The recovery to control conditions for all perturbations generally took no longer than 30 min, consistent with a rapid and physiologically adequate reversal by the animal's homeostatic mechanisms.  相似文献   

Effect of increasing the banking of a racetrack on the occurrence of injury and lameness in Standardbred horses     

DL EVANS  JS WALSH RJ 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(10):751-752

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Clinical exercise testing in the normal Thoroughbred racehorse   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

RJ ROSE  DK HENDRICKSON  PK KNIGHT 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(10):345-348

To evaluate normal cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses of Thoroughbred horses to a standardised treadmill exercise test, we examined 28 horses ranging in age from 1 to 4 years. The group consisted of eight yearlings, eight 2-year-olds and twelve 3 and 4-year-olds. All horses except the yearlings were in training, and either racing or ready to race, at the time of examination. None of the horses had histories of performance problems. On the first day the horses received a full physical examination, resting electrocardiogram, upper respiratory tract endoscopy and either one or two acclimatisation runs on the treadmill. The following day they were given an exercise test on a treadmill inclined at 6 degrees (+10% slope). The test consisted of 3 min at 4 m/sec, 90 sec at 6 m/sec and 60 sec intervals at 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13 m/sec. During the last 15 sec of each step, blood samples were collected for plasma lactate determination, expired respiratory gases were obtained using an open flow mask system for measurement of oxygen uptake, and heart rate was measured using telemetry electrocardiogram. From these measurements, various derived values were calculated, which have been used by others as indices of exercise capacity. These values included: V200 (speed at HR of 200 bpm), VHRmax (speed at which horses reached maximum HR), VO2-200 (oxygen uptake at a HR of 200 bpm), VO2max (maximum oxygen uptake), VLA4 (speed at which horses reached a plasma lactate of 4 mmol/l) and HRLA4 (HR at which horses reached a plasma lactate of 4 mmol/l). The yearlings had significantly lower values than the older age groups for most of the derived values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Organic Glasses: A New Class of Photorefractive Materials     

PM Lundquist  R Wortmann  C Geletneky  RJ Twieg  M Jurich  VY Lee  CR Moylan  DM Burland 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5290):1182-1185

The performance of amorphous organic photorefractive (PR) materials in applications such as optical data storage is generally limited by the concentration of active molecules (chromophores) that can be incorporated into the host without forming a crystalline material with poor optical quality. In polymeric PR systems described previously, performance has been limited by the necessity of devoting a large fraction of the material to inert polymer and plasticizing components in order to ensure compositional stability. A new class of organic PR materials composed of multifunctional glass-forming organic chromophores is described that have long-term stability and greatly improved PR properties.  相似文献   

The Origin of the Great Bend of the Nile from SIR-C/X-SAR Imagery     

RJ Stern  MG Abdelsalam 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5293):1696-1698

The course of the Nile in northern Sudan follows a contorted path through Precambrian bedrock. Radar imagery shows that basement structures control the river's course in this region. Northward-flowing segments follow Precambrian fabrics, whereas east-west segments follow faults of much younger age. These faults may reflect recent uplift of the Nubian Swell and deflection of the river to the southwest to form the great bend of the Nile.  相似文献