RETRACTED ARTICLE: Length–weight relationship and condition factor of nine possible crosses of three stocks of giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii from different agro-ecological regions of India     

P. L. Lalrinsanga  Bindu R. Pillai  Kanta D. Mahapatra  Lopamudra Sahoo  Raul W. Ponzoni  Nguyen Hong Nguyen  Swagatika Mohanty  Swagatika Sahu  Sovan Sahu  Vijay Kumar  Gunamaya Patra  Shivani Patnaik 《Aquaculture International》2015,23(1):401-401

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Changes in the properties of a Vertisol and responses of wheat after compaction with harvester traffic     

B. J. Radford  B. J. Bridge  R. J. Davis  D. McGarry  U. P. Pillai  J. F. Rickman  P. A. Walsh  D. F. Yule 《Soil & Tillage Research》2000,54(3-4):155-170

Soil compaction has been recognised as the greatest problem in terms of damage to Australia’s soil resource. Compaction by tractor and harvester tyres, related to trafficking of wet soil, is one source of the problem. In this paper an array of soil properties was measured before and immediately after the application of a known compaction force to a wet Vertisol. A local grain harvester was used on soil that was just trafficable; a common scenario at harvest. The primary aim was to determine the changes in various soil properties in order to provide a “benchmark” against which the effectiveness of future remedial treatments could be evaluated. A secondary aim was a comparison of the measurements’ efficiency to assess a soil’s structural degradation status. Also assessed was the subsequent effect of the applied compaction on wheat growth and yield in the following cropping season. Nine of the soil properties measured gave statistically significant differences as a result of the soil compaction. Differences were mostly restricted to the top 0.2 m of the soil. The greatest measured depth of effect was decreased soil porosity to 0.4 m measured from intact soil clods. There was 72% emergence of the wheat crop planted into the compact soil and 93% in the uncompact soil. Wheat yield, however, was not affected by the compaction. This may demonstrate that wheat, growing on a full profile of stored soil water as did the current crop, may be little affected by compaction. Also, wheat may have potential to facilitate rapid repair of the damage in a Vertisol such as the current soil by drying the topsoil between rainfall events so increasing shrinking and swelling cycles. If this is true, then sowing a suitable crop species in a Vertisol may be a better option than tillage for repairing compaction damage by agricultural traffic.  相似文献   

Milk as a diagnostic sample for a commercially available ELISA to identify bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) antibodies in dairy herds     

SR Lanyon  R McCoy  E Bergman  MP Reichel 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(7):269-273

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Parthenogenetic Induction of Canine Oocytes by Electrical Stimulation and Ca-EDTA     

SR Lee  J-W Kim  BS Kim  D-H Yoo  YS Park  T-H Lee  J-H Ha  B-H Hyun  ZY Ryoo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(5):740-744

In this study, we investigated parthenogenetic induction of canine oocytes by electrical stimulation following Ca-EDTA treatment. Oocyte maturation, parthenogenetic development, and cleavage rate in canine after various electrical stimulations (1.5, 1.8, 2.1 kV/cm) for 50 μs with single DC pulse following 1 mM Ca-EDTA treatment were investigated. In oocyte activated electrically at the voltage of 1.5 kV/cm after 1 mM Ca-EDTA treatment, the rate of pronucleus and two-cell was 4.1% and 2.7%, respectively. Although electrical stimulation could parthenogenetically induce immature oocyte to cleavage stage, degeneration rate in all experimental groups was more than 60%. This means that electrical stimulation after Ca-EDTA treatment could cause canine oocytes to be degenerated. However, two-cell in canine oocyte by parthenogenesis was for the first time induced. Therefore, we suggested that electrical stimulation for canine oocytes could induce parthenogenetically early embryonic cleavage. This result can be used as a basic data for parthenogenesis study in canine. Also, to perform more developed embryonic development, further study to parthenogenesis in canine need to be developed.  相似文献   

Cultural and Immunological Detection Methods for Salmonella spp. in Animal Feeds – A Review     

Maciorowski KG  Herrera P  Jones FT  Pillai SD  Ricke SC 《Veterinary research communications》2006,30(2):127-137

Food-borne salmonellosis continues to be a major public health concern, and contamination with Salmonella spp. in pre-harvest animal production is considered a primary contributor to this problem. Animal feeds can easily become contaminated during primary production, feed mixing and processing as well as during feeding. Consequently, monitoring and surveillance of feeds and feed ingredients for Salmonella spp. contamination may be useful or necessary in the prevention and control of this organism. Cultural and immunological detection methods for salmonellae have been used or suggested as possible approaches for use in animal feeds. Cultural methods remain advantageous owing to their ability to detect viable bacterial cells, while immunological methods have the capability of detecting nonculturable bacterial cells. Advancements and improvements in both methodologies offer opportunities for eventual routine use of these detection technologies in animal feed assays.  相似文献   

Comparison of faecal culture and IS900 PCR assay for the detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycobacterium avium</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">paratuberculosis</Emphasis> in bovine faecal samples     

M. P. Soumya  R. M. Pillai  P. X. Antony  H. K. Mukhopadhyay  V. N. Rao 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):781-791

Comparative efficacy of faecal culture and IS900 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of faecal samples was investigated in 40 clinically suspected cases of Johne’s disease in dairy cattle. The sensitivity of faecal culture and PCR assay in this study was 52.5% (21/40) and 90% (36/40) respectively. All isolates appeared only on the mycobactin J supplemented Herrold’s egg yolk medium (HEYM) at 8–16 weeks post-inoculation, were acid-fast and were positive for IS900 PCR yielding a single amplicon of 217 bp. A total of 28 faecal samples out of 40 were positive by IS900 primary PCR assay for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) yielding an expected product of size 217 bp. Twelve faecal samples, which gave negative results in the primary PCR, were subjected to secondary PCR assay. Of the 12 samples, 8 gave positive results in the IS900 nested PCR (nPCR), which yielded a PCR product of 167 bp, proving better sensitivity of nPCR assay than single amplification PCR. PCR could detect additionally 15 samples as positive which were negative by faecal culture. The chi-square analysis showed a highly significant difference between the tests (P< 0.01). This study suggests that IS900-PCR-based detection of Map could be used as a potential diagnostic tool for rapid and effective Johne’s disease surveillance.  相似文献   

Pollution profile of a river     

A. C. Paul  K. C. Pillai 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1978,10(2):133-146

A host of chemical industries subject the river to pollutants such as acids, alkalies and their salts, trace metals and radionuclides belonging to the Th and U chains. Proximity of different outfalls and poor lateral mixing in the river are responsible for high local aquatic concentrations. Scavenging reactions, in situ, and sedimentation of suspended matter result in the accumulation of radionuclides near the outfall area. Monsoon ‘flushes out’ the river into the backwater area and translocation of sediments is the major factor in the transport of pollutants.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

K. C. Pillai  T. Viraraghavan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1982,17(2):235-239

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Behaviour of ddt in three soils exposed to solar radiations under different conditions     

Amit Nair  Thomas Samuel  Madathil K. K. Pillai 《Pest management science》1992,34(4):333-340

Volatilization, mineralization, degradation and binding of soil-applied [¹⁴C]DDT were studied in three different soils from a tropical region of southern India subjected to solar irradiation and flooding for a period of 42 days. The soil types–red cotton soil, nursery soil and canal bank soil–differed in their organic carbon content, pH and texture. Under unflooded conditions, volatile losses were highest in the sandy canal bank soil. Flooding significantly enhanced volatilization, and this effect was maximal in the nursery soil, which had the highest organic carbon. The soils fully exposed to solar radiations in quartz tubes registered 1.5-1.8 times greater volatility. The volatilized organics contained appreciable quantities of DDE under both flooded and unflooded conditions. In addition, greater quantities of DDD volatilized from the flooded systems. The rate of formation of DDE was faster when soils were irradiated in quartz tubes. Mineralization remained minimal throughout the period of exposure and flooding the soil appeared to reduce further the [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide evolution. Canal bank soil exhibited the least mineralization and degradation. The data indicate that volatilization was significantly influenced by solar radiation and flooding to a much greater degree than by the differences in soil properties. Binding of DDT to soil was significantly increased by flooding the soil, thus leaving up to 33% of the initial DDT as bound residues in the nursery soil.  相似文献   

Detection of human filarial parasite Brugia malayi in dogs by histochemical staining and molecular techniques     

Ambily VR  Pillai UN  Arun R  Pramod S  Jayakumar KM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,181(2-4):210-214

Human filariasis caused by Brugia malayi is still a public health problem in many countries of Asia including India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. The World Health Organization (WHO) has targeted to eliminate filariasis by the year 2020 by Mass annual single dose Diethylcarbamazine Administration (MDA). Results of the MDA programme after the first phase was less satisfactory than expected. Malayan filariasis caused by B. malayi is endemic in the south of Thailand where domestic cat serves as the major reservoir host. There is no report about the occurrence of B. malayi in dogs. The present work was carried out to find out the incidence of microfilariasis in dogs and also to detect the presence of human filarial infection in dogs, if any. One hundred dogs above 6 months of age presented to the veterinary college Hospital, Mannuthy, Kerala, with clinical signs suggestive of microfilariasis - fever, anorexia, conjunctivitis, limb and scrotal oedema - were screened for microfilariae by wet film examination. Positive cases were subjected to Giemsa staining, histochemical staining and molecular techniques. Results of the study showed that 80% of dogs had microfilariasis; out of which 20% had sheathed microfilaria. Giemsa and histochemical staining character, PCR and sequencing confirmed it as B. malayi. High prevalence of B. malayi in dogs in this study emphasized the possible role of dogs in transmission of human filariasis.  相似文献