Diagnosis of fog fever     

Wiseman A  Selman IE  Pirie HM  Breeze RG 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(21):744

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Antimicrobial associated diarrhoea in the horse. Part 1: Overview,pathogenesis and risk factors     

B. C. McGorum  R. S. Pirie 《Equine Veterinary Education》2009,21(11):610-616

Antimicrobial associated diarrhoea (AAD) is the most commonly recognised adverse effect of antimicrobial treatment in horses, although its incidence is probably low given the frequency of antimicrobial administration. Clinical signs vary from transient self‐limiting diarrhoea to rapidly fatal toxic enterocolitis. AAD prolongs the duration of hospitalisation, increases diagnostic and therapeutic costs, and was associated with a lower case survival rate than other types of acute diarrhoea in one study. Virtually all antimicrobials have been implicated in AAD, but some pose a greater risk than others.  相似文献   

Reproducibility and repeatability of optical coherence tomography imaging of the optic nerve head in normal beagle eyes          下载免费PDF全文

Alexandra M. Bemis  Christopher G. Pirie  Alexander J. LoPinto  Louise Maranda 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2017,20(6):480-487

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Factors affecting the efficiency of aerosolized salbutamol delivery via a metered dose inhaler and equine spacer device          下载免费PDF全文

R. S. Pirie  B. C. McGorum  C. Owen  O. Carr  H. Oakley  G. McLachlan 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2017,40(3):231-238

Despite frequent use of metered dose inhalers (MDIs) and spacers in equine practice, limited information exists on the efficiency of aerosol delivery using such devices. We determined the particle size distribution within an MDI‐generated salbutamol aerosol delivered via an equine spacer using ‘best practice’ delivery technique and assessed the effect of variations in MDI use technique (shaking prior to each actuation, rapid repetitive actuations, and MDI angulation) on aerosol delivery efficiency. Under optimal conditions, only 53(±18) μg salbutamol per 100 μg actuation was delivered beyond the spacer. Although this aerosol had a high [89.6% (±2.4)] fine particle (<5 μm) fraction, and a low mass median aerodynamic diameter [2.52 (±0.29) μm], and particle size variability [geometric SD – 1.66 (±0.16) μm], within all particle size fractions, there was a high coefficient of variance (31–79%) of the percentage salbutamol delivered between experimental runs, thus impeding any effort to predict drug delivery to the patient during equine inhalation therapy. Despite observable trends and with the exception of minor statistically significant changes in the least abundant particle sizes, none of the deviations from a ‘best practice’ delivery technique significantly altered the relative salbutamol delivery beyond the spacer, a finding which has potential relevance with regard to maintaining user compliance.  相似文献   

Retrospective evaluation of episodic collapse in the horse in a referred population: 25 cases (1995-2009)     

Lyle CH  Turley G  Blissitt KJ  Pirie RS  Mayhew IG  McGorum BC  Keen JA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1498-1502

Background: Episodic collapse in horses has equine welfare and human safety implications. There are, however, no published case series describing this syndrome. Objectives: To characterize the cause and outcomes for horses referred for investigation of episodic collapse. Animals: Twenty‐five horses referred for investigation of single or multiple episodes of collapse. Methods: Retrospective study. Clinical records from the Dick Vet Equine Hospital, University of Edinburgh from November 1995 to July 2009 were searched using the following keywords: collapse, collapsing, fall, syncope. Collapse was defined as an incident in which the horse lost postural tone with or without progression to recumbency and with or without loss of consciousness. Long‐term follow‐up information was obtained by telephone conversation with the owner. Results: A final diagnosis was reached in 11 cases, namely cardiac arrhythmia (4), right‐sided heart failure (1), hypoglycemia (2), generalized seizures (2), and sleep disorder (2). A presumptive diagnosis was reached in 8 cases, namely neurocardiogenic syncope (5), exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (2), and generalized seizures (1). No diagnosis was reached in 6 cases despite comprehensive investigations. Three horses were euthanized at presentation. Treatment was attempted in 9 horses with 6 cases having successful outcome before discharge. Follow‐up information was available for 14 of 19 horses discharged from the hospital. Only 1 of these horses was observed to collapse after discharge. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Definitive diagnosis was more likely to be reached in cases with multiple episodes of collapse. Horses in which 1 episode of collapse occurred did not necessarily collapse again.  相似文献   

Comments on the importance of green vegetables     

N. W. Pirie 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1985,35(1):73-80

Green, especially leafy, vegetables are widely underesteemed because few horiticultural research institutes publish figures demonstrating that they can give unusually large annual yields of edible dry matter, including protein and carotene (provitamin A). It is also not realised that they supply many communities with as much protein as is supplied by fish, and that more communities used to eat them on that scale. Before leafy vegetables gain proper nutritional attention it will be necessary to convince consumers that they are not merely sources of vitamin C and minerals, or decorative adjuncts to a meal. It will also be necessary to persuade those who compile dietary and production statistics to separate leafy vegetables from other horticultural products which, although they may yield more profit per hectare, are of much less nutritive value.  相似文献   

Long-term successful outcome of a Streptococcus equi subspecies equi brain abscess     

H. C. Schott II  M. M. Esser  C. G. Pirie  A. P. Pease  J. S. Patterson  S. M. Reed 《Equine Veterinary Education》2020,32(10):e194-e198

We previously described successful treatment, including surgical drainage, of a Streptococcus equi subspecies equi brain abscess that caused severe neurological deficits in a 7-year-old Quarter Horse mare. This report details the long-term successful outcome of the case, findings of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study performed 14 years after surgery and necropsy findings 18 years after initial treatment. Despite persistent cerebral and midbrain lesions detected by MRI and at necropsy, the mare returned to serviceable function within a year of initial treatment and had a successful performance career for over 10 years until carpal arthritis prompted retirement. This case demonstrates that brain abscess in horses can be successfully managed by combined medical and surgical treatment.  相似文献   

Quantitative resistance to symptomless growth of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) in Brassica napus (oilseed rape)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y. J. Huang  E. J. Pirie  N. Evans  R. Delourme  G. J. King  B. D. L. Fitt 《Plant pathology》2009,58(2):314-323

Quantitative resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus was investigated in field and controlled environments using cultivars Darmor (with quantitative resistance) and Eurol (without quantitative resistance). In field experiments, numbers of phoma leaf spot lesions in autumn/winter and severity of stem canker the following summer were assessed in three growing seasons. There were no differences between Darmor and Eurol in number of leaf lesions in autumn/winter. However, stem cankers were less severe on Darmor than Eurol at harvest the following summer. In controlled-environment experiments, development of leaf lesions at different temperatures (5–25°C) and wetness durations (12–72 h) was investigated using ascospore inoculum; symptomless growth of L. maculans along leaf petioles towards the stem was quantified using quantitative PCR and visualized using GFP-expressing L. maculans ; growth of L. maculans within stem tissues was investigated using GFP-expressing L. maculans . There were more leaf lesions on Darmor than Eurol, although there was no difference between Darmor and Eurol in L. maculans incubation period. There were no differences between Darmor and Eurol in either distance grown by L. maculans along leaf petioles towards the stem or quantity of L. maculans DNA in leaf petioles, but L. maculans colonized stem tissues less extensively on Darmor than Eurol. It was concluded that quantitative resistance to L. maculans operates during colonization of B. napus stems by the pathogen.  相似文献   

Renal carcinoma with probable pulmonary metastasis and chronic interstitial nephritis in a greater kudu antelope     

R I Miller  J M Gliatto  H W Casey  G J Pirie 《Veterinary pathology》1985,22(6):646-647

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Scanning electron microscopic study of the lower respiratory tract in calves and adult cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B Iovannitti  H M Pirie  N G Wright 《Research in veterinary science》1985,38(1):80-87

The surface characteristics of the lower respiratory tract of two groups of cattle were studied with the scanning electron microscope. Group A comprised six one-week-old calves and group B four adult cows. None of the animals had overt respiratory disease or gross morphological evidence of pulmonary lesions. The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli of the cranial and the caudal lobes of the right lung were examined. In both groups the luminal surface of the trachea and large bronchi were completely covered by cilia, apparently forming an efficient mucociliary escalator. In the adult animals there were some patchy areas in the trachea and large bronchi devoid of ciliated cells; these were considered abnormal. In the bronchi, non-ciliated cells, mainly mucus-secreting, were not easily identified unless they were discharging secretion. In small bronchi, non-ciliated cells were more evident and easily seen. The bronchioles had many non-ciliated cells and very few ciliated cells capable of forming a complete carpet for a mucociliary escalator. Types 1 and 2 alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages were identified in both groups. Pores of Kohn were found in the alveolar walls in all animals.  相似文献