Adverse effects of intrapleural instillation of tissue plasminogen activator in a horse: Suspected re‐expansion pulmonary oedema          下载免费PDF全文

B. C. McGorum  C. H. Stratford  J. A. Keen  R. S. Pirie 《Equine Veterinary Education》2018,30(1):16-19

This case report describes a 5‐year‐old pregnant Warmblood mare that was being treated for fibrinous bacterial pleuropneumonia. Since initial attempts to drain and lavage both pleural cavities were ineffective due to the presence of extensive intrapleural fibrin loculations, recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was instilled into both pleural cavities, to promote fibrinolysis and improve drainage. Within 1–2 h of instilling tPA, the horse became distressed, with increasing dyspnoea, tachycardia, pleurodynia and hypoxaemia. At 4 h post tPA instillation, diffuse bilateral pulmonary oedema was evidenced by the onset of widespread audible inspiratory crackles and ultrasonographic ring‐down artefacts. Ultrasonography demonstrated that tPA had induced pleural fibrinolysis, thereby removing the restrictive effects of pleural adhesions on lung motion and facilitating lung re‐expansion. Re‐expansion pulmonary oedema was suspected, although an adverse drug reaction could not be excluded. The complication resolved with nasal oxygen supplementation, and administration of frusemide, meloxicam, morphine and hydroxyethyl starch. Subsequent repetition of intrapleural tPA instillation and thoracic drainage had no apparent adverse effect. The mare was discharged from the hospital and subsequently foaled successfully. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of re‐expansion pulmonary oedema are reviewed.  相似文献   

Game fence presence and permeability influences the local movement and distribution of South African mammals     

Tara J Pirie  Rebecca L Thomas  Mark DE Fellowes 《African Zoology》2017,52(4):217-227

Fences are utilised throughout the world to restrict the movements of wildlife, protecting them from threats and reducing human–wildlife conflict. In South Africa the number of privately-owned fenced game reserves has greatly increased in recent years, but little is known about how fencing affects the distribution and movements of target and non-target mammals. We surveyed 2 m either side of the complete fence line of a recently established commercial game reserve in South Africa, identifying signs of animal presence (spoor, scat, foraging or other field signs) while also recording damage (holes) to the fence. Every 250 m we carried out 100 m perpendicular transects either side of the fence, recording vegetation cover and height at 10 m intervals along the transect. We found that livestock (largely cattle) were excluded from the reserve. However, 12% of records of large animal species were recorded outside of the fence line. These species had been introduced to the reserve, strongly suggesting that they had crossed the boundary into the surrounding farmland. Sixteen naturally present wild species were found on both sides of the fence, but we found more evidence of their presence inside the reserve. Observational evidence suggests that they were regularly crossing the boundary, particularly where the fence was damaged, with hole size affecting species recorded. We also found evidence that the construction of the fence had led to a difference in vegetation structure with plant richness and percentage of non-woody plant cover significantly higher inside the fence. While fencing was highly effective at preventing movement of livestock, introduced and wild animals were able to cross the boundary, via holes in the fence. This work shows that the efficacy of the most common approach to preventing animal movement around protected areas depends on the species being considered and fence condition.  相似文献   

Nutritional support for the dysphagic adult horse          下载免费PDF全文

R. S. Pirie  R. C. Jago 《Equine Veterinary Education》2015,27(8):430-441

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Recurrent airway obstruction: A review     

R. S. Pirie 《Equine veterinary journal》2014,46(3):276-288

Recurrent airway obstruction is a widely recognised airway disorder, characterised by hypersensitivity‐mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation and lower airway obstruction in a subpopulation of horses when exposed to suboptimal environments high in airborne organic dust. Over the past decade, numerous studies have further advanced our understanding of different aspects of the disease. These include clarification of the important inhaled airborne agents responsible for disease induction, improving our understanding of the underlying genetic basis of disease susceptibility and unveiling the fundamental immunological mechanisms leading to establishment of the classic disease phenotype. This review, as well as giving a clinical overview of recurrent airway obstruction, summarises much of the work in these areas that have culminated in a more thorough understanding of this debilitating disease.  相似文献   

A visceral mycosis in ayu fry, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, caused by a species of Phoma     

K. HATAI  Y. FUJIMAKI  S. EGUSA  Y. JO 《Journal of fish diseases》1986,9(2):111-116

Abstract. Epizootics and histopathology of a new visceral mycosis due to fungi impefecti which occurred in farmed ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan are described. Histopathological examination suggested that fungal infection occurred primarily in the airbladder. A fungus with characteristics of the genus Phoma isolated from diseased fish is described and its taxonomic position discussed.  相似文献   

Central corneal thickness measurements in normal dogs: a comparison between ultrasound pachymetry and optical coherence tomography     

Anthony F. Alario  Christopher G. Pirie 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2014,17(3):207-211

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Equine grass sickness in a donkey     

R. S. Pirie 《Equine Veterinary Education》2013,25(12):633-635

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Intra and inter‐user reliability of central corneal thickness measurements obtained in healthy feline eyes using a portable spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography device     

Anthony F. Alario  Christopher G. Pirie 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(6):446-450

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Bronchodilator activity of the selective muscarinic antagonist revatropate in horses with heaves     

B.C. McGorum  D.R. Nicholas  A.P. Foster  D.J. Shaw  R.S. Pirie 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(1):80-85

Bronchodilators are frequently used to attenuate airway obstruction in equine heaves (or recurrent airway obstruction). This study evaluated the selective (M₃ and M₁) muscarinic antagonist revatropate, which offers potential advantages over non-specific antimuscarinic agents such as ipratropium. Protocol 1 assessed the response to inhaled revatropate (1, 2 and 7 mg) using a blinded, negative (inhaled saline) and positive (inhaled ipratropium bromide; 0.3, 0.7 and 2 mg) controlled, dose escalation study, with six heaves horses. The lowest doses of revatropate and ipratropium induced a rapid (within 1 h) and significant improvement in airway function. The highest doses of both drugs had no significant effect on gastrointestinal sound score or iris function, but resulted in tacky mucous membranes and reduced gastrointestinal sound score in some horses.In Protocol 2, a cross-over design comparing the duration of action of inhaled revatropate (1 mg), ipratropium (0.3 mg) and saline, some indices of airway function were improved for between 5 and 6 h after revatropate administration, and for between 6 and 24 h after ipratropium administration. Inhaled revatropate and ipratropium had similar effects on airway function, with no significant difference between their efficacies. Importantly, however, only revatropate significantly improved clinical scores of breathing effort, improving combined clinical score at the 1 h time point and abdominal score at the 1–3 h time points. No significant adverse events were observed in Protocol 2, although some horses had reduced gastrointestinal sound scores. Inhaled revatropate is therefore a safe and effective bronchodilator for treating airway obstruction in heaves.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial associated diarrhoea in the horse. Part 2: Which antimicrobials are associated with AAD in the horse?     

B. C. McGorum  R. S. Pirie 《Equine Veterinary Education》2010,22(1):43-50

Almost all oral and parenterally administered antimicrobials have been linked with antimicrobial associated diarrhoea (AAD) in both man and horses, although some antimicrobials clearly pose a higher risk.  相似文献