Descriptive summary of an outbreak of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in New Zealand     

EJ Neumann  SSA Dobbinson  EBM Welch  RS Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):346-352

CASE HISTORY: Investigations were conducted to determine the cause of an acute, multi-farm outbreak of porcine respiratory disease that included diarrhoea and subsequent loss of body condition in affected pigs. A definition for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) including both clinical and pathological features, previously developed for the pig industry in New Zealand, was applied to the current outbreak. In addition to self-reporting by owners of affected farms, local veterinarians, disease and epidemiology consultants, and animal health officials from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) were involved in conducting farm visits and submission of diagnostic specimens.

CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: Pathogens known to be endemic in the pig industry in New Zealand as well as likely exotic diseases were excluded as causative agents of the outbreak. Clinical signs including dyspnoea, diarrhoea, and rapid loss of body condition were consistent with the New Zealand case definition for PMWS. Interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, generalised lymph-node enlargement, and presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) inclusion bodies were consistently identified in affected pigs. Classical swine fever virus (CSFv), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), and Influenza virus were ruled out, using molecular and traditional virological techniques. Spread of the disease between farms was hypothesised to be facilitated by locally migrating flocks of black-backed seagulls. The original source of the disease incursion was not identified.

DIAGNOSIS: Based on the consistent presence of circovirusassociated lesions in lymphoid tissues in combination with generalised enlargement of lymph nodes, histiocytic interstitial pneumonia, clinical wasting, and poor response to antibiotic therapy, a diagnosis of PMWS was made.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PMWS should be considered in the differential diagnoses of sudden onset of respiratory dyspnoea, diarrhoea, and rapid loss of body condition in young pigs in New Zealand pig herds.  相似文献   

Incidence and importance of subclinical mastitis in sheep   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S J Gross  E J Pollak  J G Anderson  D T Torell 《Journal of animal science》1978,46(1):1-8

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Mitotane (o, DDD) resistance in a dog with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and phaeochromocytoma     

PF BENNETT  EJ NORMAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(2):101-103

A dog was presented with a 2 year history of polyuria and polydipsia due to pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. A low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and measurement of plasma ACTH concentration confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment was instituted with mitotane at 44 mg/kg/day and then 88 mg/kg/d without complete resolution of signs. The dog collapsed with signs consistent with liver disease and was euthanased. Necropsy revealed a phaeochromocytoma of the left adrenal medulla with extensive metastases to the liver. A chromophobe adenoma of the pars intermedia of the pituitary was found.  相似文献   

Development of unique and novel lines for early-maturing hybrids: moving GEM germplasm northward and westward     

M. J. Carena  L. Pollak  W. Salhuana  M. Denuc 《Euphytica》2009,170(1-2):87-97

Future maize (Zea mays L.) genetic gains are dependent on the incorporation of unique and useful genetic diversity to breeding programs actively improving germplasm and developing cultivars. Our ultimate goal is to increase the genetic diversity currently available in early maturing maize hybrids by developing novel lines that can be utilized competitively in the northern US Corn Belt. A long-term breeding project (EarlyGEM) was initiated to move US Germplasm Enhancement Maize (GEM) germplasm northward and westward. Nine out of 152 breeding crosses were adapted and data from one breeding cross is presented. Five hundred BC₁:S₁ lines derived from (AR16026:S17-66-1-B × ND2000) × ND2000 were advanced, selected, and crossed to several commercial testers for early and late generation hybrid testing. Experiments were arranged in various partially balanced lattice designs and grown across 23 North Dakota (ND) environments. Data showed experimental GEM-derived hybrids had better grain yield (10.4 vs. 9.2 t ha^?1), test weight (72.5 vs. 70.1 kg h L^?1), extractable starch (67.8 vs. 64.2%) and fermentable starch, grain oil (4.3 vs. 3.5%), and grain protein (10.5 vs. 9.4%) when compared to popular hybrids at similar grain moisture at harvest. This is the first research incorporating GEM-derived tropical and late-temperate genetic materials for inbred line development representing a relative maturity (RM) below 90 days. As a consequence of these breeding efforts GEM materials were adapted to the northern US Corn Belt and are not only sources of useful and unique novel genetic diversity but also competitive products for industry use as requests for experimental EarlyGEM lines have been extensive. This research has practical implications with regards to new ways of conducting maize breeding for high latitudes.  相似文献   

Parameter estimation for carcass traits including growth information of Simmental beef cattle using restricted maximum likelihood with a multiple-trait model.     

B W Woodward  E J Pollak  R L Quaas 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(4):1098-1109

(Co)variance component estimates were computed for retail cuts per day of age (kilograms per day), cutability (percentage of carcass weight), and marbling score (1 through 11) using a multiple-trait sire model. Restricted maximum likelihood estimates of (co)variance components were obtained via an expectation-maximization algorithm. Carcass data consisted of 8,265 progeny records collected by U.S. Simmental producers. Growth trait information (birth weight, weaning weight, and[or] postweaning gain) for those progeny with carcass data and an additional 5,405 contemporaries formed the complete data set for analysis. A total of 420 sires were represented. Three models differing in number of traits were investigated: 1) carcass traits with growth traits, 2) carcass traits only, and 3) single trait. The final models did not include postweaning gain because of convergence problems. Parameter estimates for all three models were essentially the same. Heritability estimates were .30, .18, and .23 for retail cuts per day, cutability, and marbling score, respectively. Correlations between growth and carcass traits were low except for those with retail cuts per day, which were moderate and positive. The additional information gained by adding growth traits to the carcass-traits-only evaluation lowered prediction error variances most for retail cuts per day. Little change in prediction error variances was found for cutability and marbling score. Inclusion of growth traits in future sire evaluations for carcass traits will benefit the evaluation of retail cuts per day but have considerably less effect on cutability and marbling score.  相似文献   

Fungal infection of the eyes of the snake Epicrates chenchria maurus: enucleation under halothane narcosis     

P Zwart  M A Verwer  G A De Vries  E J Hermanides-Nijhof EJ+HERMANIDESAANIJHOF  H W De Vries HW+DEVRIES 《The Journal of small animal practice》1973,14(12):773-779

In a rainbow boa (Epicrates chenchria maurus) an affection of the spectacle of the eyes caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum is described for the first time. Enucleation was performed under premedication of Hypnodil and inhalation anesthesia with tracheal intubation, using Halothane. Résumé. On décrit, pour la première fois, chez le boa Epicrates chenchria maurus une affection des paupières transparentes causée par le fongus Fusarium oxysparum. L'énucléation a été faite sous prémédication d'Hypnodil et d'inhalation anesthésie avec intubation trachéale, utilisant Halothane. Zusammenfassung. In einer Boa, Epicrates chenchria maurus, wurde eine Erkrankung von der durchsichtigen Kapsel über dem Auge, verursacht durch den Fungus Fusarium oxysporum zum ersten Ma1 beschrieben. Enukleation wurde vorgenommen, unter Basisnarkose van Hypnodil und Einatmungsanästhesie mit trachealer Intubation, indem man Halothane gebrauchte.  相似文献   

Effect of a constant rate infusion of lidocaine on the quality of recovery from sevoflurane or isoflurane general anaesthesia in horses     

Valverde A  Gunkelt C  Doherty TJ  Giguère S  Pollak AS 《Equine veterinary journal》2005,37(6):559-564

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Lidocaine constant rate infusions (CRIs) are common as an intraoperative adjunct to general anaesthesia, but their influence on quality of recovery has not been thoroughly determined. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of an intraoperative i.v. CRI of lidocaine on the quality of recovery from isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia in horses undergoing various surgical procedures, using a modified recovery score system. HYPOTHESIS: The administration of intraoperative lidocaine CRI decreases the quality of recovery in horses. METHODS: Lidocaine (2 mg/kg bwt bolus followed by 50 microg/kg bwt/min) or saline was administered for the duration of surgery or until 30 mins before the end of surgery under isoflurane (n = 27) and sevoflurane (n = 27). RESULTS: Horses receiving lidocaine until the end of surgery had a significantly higher degree of ataxia and a tendency towards significance for a lower quality of recovery. There was no correlation between lidocaine plasma concentrations at recovery and the quality of recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative CRI of lidocaine affects the degree of ataxia and may decrease the quality of recovery. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Discontinuing lidocaine CRI 30 mins before the end of surgery is recommended to reduce ataxia during the recovery period.  相似文献   

Comparison of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography for the detection and localization of canine insulinoma     

Robben JH  Pollak YW  Kirpensteijn J  Boroffka SA  van den Ingh TS  Teske E  Voorhout G 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(1):15-22

Accurate preoperative detection, localization, and staging of the primary tumor and metastases are essential for the selection of appropriate candidates for surgery. In dogs with insulinoma, preoperative assessment usually is performed with transabdominal ultrasonography (US). There are no reports on the use of computed tomography (CT) for this purpose. The preoperative use of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) recently has been advocated for the identification of insulinoma and gastrinoma in dogs, but its accuracy remains to be established. In this report US, CT, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide (a specific form of SRS) were compared for their effectiveness in detecting and localizing primary and metastatic insulinoma in dogs. Findings at surgery or postmortem examination served as control. Of 14 primary insulinomas, 5, 10, and 6 were correctly identified by US, CT, and SPECT, respectively. No lymph node metastases were detected by US or SPECT. CT identified 2 of 5 lymph node metastases but also identified 28 false-positive lesions. Two of 4 livers were found to be positive for metastases by 1 of the imaging techniques. US can be used for the initial evaluation of dogs with hypoglycemia. Although CT identifies most primary tumors, intraoperative inspection and palpation of the pancreas is still superior. SPECT appears as effective as US and CT in detecting insulinomas. Future developments in preoperative imaging techniques might improve current methods of canine insulinoma detection.  相似文献   

Genetic antagonism between body weight and milk production in beef cattle     

Lee C  Pollak EJ 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(2):316-321

Korean cattle have an unusually short suckling period (4 mo) due to poor milking ability, and this is a hindrance to growth of calves. Therefore, Korean cattle breeders have shown interest in genetic improvement of milking ability. In this study, body weight (birth weight, weaning weight, and yearling weight) and five daily milk yields by period in Korean cattle (Hanwoo) were analyzed using a two-trait sire and maternal grandsire mixed model. The milk yields used were actually measured at sequential intervals from 1 to 4 mo after calving. Posterior means of the parameters were estimated using Gibbs sampling. Heritability estimates (0.25 to 0.26) for daily milk yield at weaning were larger than those with other periods. Genetic impact on daily milk yield, especially at weaning, was emphasized in order to lengthen the suckling period of Korean cattle. Genetic correlation estimates between BW and daily milk yield were all negative (-0.08 to -0.16 for birth weight, -0.04 to -0.21 for weaning weight, and -0.12 to -0.19 for yearling weight), whereas environmental correlation estimates were all positive (0.20 to 0.39 for birth weight, 0.34 to 0.51 for weaning weight, and 0.30 to 0.45 for yearling weight). The negative estimates of genetic correlation between weight and milk yield implied genetic antagonism between direct and maternal effects for weaning weight of beef cattle.  相似文献   

Thyroidal radioiodine uptake in hyperthyroid cats     

B E Sjollema  Y W Pollak  W E van den Brom  A Rijnberk 《The Veterinary quarterly》1989,11(3):165-170

Thyroidal radioiodine uptake was measured in 10 healthy domestic cats and in 20 hyperthyroid cats. Compared with those in the healthy cats, the uptake curves in the hyperthyroid cats were characterised by elevated uptake and rapid thyroidal iodine turnover. For diagnostic purpose uptake measurements at 4 hours after administration of the tracer were found to be preferable to measurements at 24 hours or later.  相似文献