Doppler and Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography of Testicles in Adult Domestic Felines          下载免费PDF全文

MBS de Brito  MAR Feliciano  LN Coutinho  RR Uscategui  APR Simões  MC Maronezi  VT de Almeida  RM Crivelaro  B Gasser  L Pavan  WR Russiano 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(5):730-734

The objective was to characterize the vascular patterns of testicular blood flow of adult cats, measuring the systolic velocity (SV), diastolic velocity (DV), resistance index (RI), gate time (wash‐in) peak enhancement and output time (wash‐out) of the contrast and addition of tissue fill characteristics. Forty‐five adult cats were selected, and the echotexture, echogenicity, size, contours and margins of testicles were assessed via ultrasound. By Doppler were evaluated the blood flow and determined of vascular index in testicular artery (SV, DV and RI) and via contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography determine the time for phases: wash‐in, wash‐out and peak enhancement. Sonographic findings presented normal. Testicular artery was observed in the spermatic cord with tortuous patter and showed monophasic‐patterned waves and low vascular resistance and with systolic peak evident. Values of indices vascular were as follows: SV = 6.73 cm/s, DV = 2.8 cm/s and RI = 0.54 for left testicles; and SV = 6.23 cm/s, DV = 2.77 cm/s and RI = 0.53 for right testicles. Contrast filled the subcapsular vascular structures and after a few seconds, a homogeneous moderate enhancement of the parenchyma, with parenchymal vessels still distinguishable and after the peak phase, a rapid homogeneous decrease in echogenicity. Values of time for contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography were as follows: wash‐in = 8.78 s, peak enhancement = 21.62 s and wash‐out = 75.36 for left testicles; and wash‐in = 10.76 s, peak enhancement = 21.50 s and wash‐out = 81.81 for right testicles. Doppler and contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography of the testicles in healthy adult cats was easily implemented and may provide baseline data for this organ to allow the use of these techniques as a diagnostic tool for evaluating testicular abnormalities in sick cats.  相似文献   

Identification of Theileria parva and Theileria sp. (buffalo) 18S rRNA gene sequence variants in the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa     

Chaisi ME  Sibeko KP  Collins NE  Potgieter FT  Oosthuizen MC 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,182(2-4):150-162

Theileria parva is the causative agent of Corridor disease in cattle in South Africa. The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is the reservoir host, and, as these animals are important for eco-tourism in South Africa, it is compulsory to test and certify them disease free prior to translocation. A T. parva-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene is one of the tests used for the diagnosis of the parasite in buffalo and cattle in South Africa. However, because of the high similarity between the 18S rRNA gene sequences of T. parva and Theileria sp. (buffalo), the latter is also amplified by the real-time PCR primers, although it is not detected by the T. parva-specific hybridization probes. Preliminary sequencing studies have revealed a small number of sequence differences within the 18S rRNA gene in both species but the extent of this sequence variation is unknown. The aim of the current study was to sequence the 18S rRNA genes of T. parva and Theileria sp. (buffalo), and to determine whether all identified genotypes can be correctly detected by the real-time PCR assay. The reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization assay was used to identify T. parva and Theileria sp. (buffalo) positive samples from buffalo blood samples originating from the Kruger National Park, Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, the Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park, and a private game ranch in the Hoedspruit area. T. parva and Theileria sp. (buffalo) were identified in 42% and 28%, respectively, of 252 samples, mainly as mixed infections. The full-length 18S rRNA gene of selected samples was amplified, cloned and sequenced. From a total of 20 sequences obtained, 10 grouped with previously published T. parva sequences from GenBank while 10 sequences grouped with a previously published Theileria sp. (buffalo) sequence. All these formed a monophyletic group with known pathogenic Theileria species. Our phylogenetic analyses confirm the distinction between Theileria sp. (buffalo) and T. parva and indicate the existence of a single group of T. parva and two Theileria sp. (buffalo) 18S rRNA gene variants in the African buffalo. Despite the observed variation in the full-length parasite 18S rRNA gene sequences, the area in the V4 hypervariable region where the RLB and real-time PCR hybridization probes were developed was relatively conserved. The T. parva specific real-time PCR assay was able to successfully detect all T. parva variants and, although amplicons were obtained from Theileria sp. (buffalo) DNA, none of the Theileria sp. (buffalo) 18S rRNA sequence variants were detected by the T. parva-specific hybridization probes.  相似文献   

Theileria parva, T. sp. (buffalo) and T. sp. (bougasvlei) 18S variants     

Mans BJ  Pienaar R  Potgieter FT  Latif AA 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,182(2-4):382-383

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Age-dependent patterns of bovine tuberculosis in cattle     

Ellen Brooks-Pollock  Andrew JK Conlan  Andy P Mitchell  Ruth Blackwell  Trevelyan J McKinley  James LN Wood 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):97

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an important livestock disease, seriously impacting cattle industries in both industrialised and pre-industrialised countries. Like TB in other mammals, infection is life long and, if undiagnosed, may progress to disease years after exposure. The risk of disease in humans is highly age-dependent, however in cattle, age-dependent risks have yet to be quantified, largely due to insufficient data and limited diagnostics. Here, we estimate age-specific reactor rates in Great Britain by combining herd-level testing data with spatial movement data from the Cattle Tracing System (CTS). Using a catalytic model, we find strong age dependencies in infection risk and that the probability of detecting infection increases with age. Between 2004 and 2009, infection incidence in cattle fluctuated around 1%. Age-specific incidence increased monotonically until 24–36 months, with cattle aged between 12 and 36 months experiencing the highest rates of infection. Beef and dairy cattle under 24 months experienced similar infection risks, however major differences occurred in older ages. The average reproductive number in cattle was greater than 1 for the years 2004–2009. These methods reveal a consistent pattern of BTB rates with age, across different population structures and testing patterns. The results provide practical insights into BTB epidemiology and control, suggesting that targeting a mass control programme at cattle between 12 and 36 months could be beneficial.  相似文献   

Molecular sleuthing: The invader Cynodon case     

R. Roodt  J.J. Spies  N. Potgieter 《Euphytica》2002,128(3):409-415

DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) was used to characterize different Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cultivars and accessions and evaluate the genetic diversity among them. DAF analyses of some well known cultivars used in South Africa, i.e. Sahara, Tifway, Tifgreen, Harrismith, Royal Blue, Silverton Blue, Elliott, Tifdwarf, Gulf Green, Magennis, Klip, Florida, Oval, Bayview, Bermuda, X Kweek, Natal Kweek and Tifton 78, as well as 23 unknown Cynodon specimens were done. The unknown Cynodon specimens represent invaders of cultivated lands, with considerable morphological variation. The results were used to determine the genetic distances between the cultivars and unknown accessions, to identify the unknown specimens and to determine the phylogenetic affinities between the cultivars and accessions. The results obtained from the genetic distance matrices confirmed the results obtained from the phylogenetic analyses. In this study DAF analyses was successfully used to distinguish between different C. dactylon cultivars and accessions and could be used to trace the current weed back to its introduction area. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Immunoblot analysis of cyanogen bromide-cleaved Moraxella bovis pilin reveals presence of shared antigenic determinants on pili from heterologous strains     

Wallace H. Greene  Steven T. Grubbs  Leon N. D. Potgieter 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,80(4)

Moraxella bovis pilus proteins, collected and purified from four strains of M. bovis, were cleaved with cyanogen bromide. Two major fragments were produced. Antisera were produced in rabbits to the pilin protein fragments and to whole uncleaved pili from these strains. Immunoblots of whole and cyanogen bromide-cleaved pilin were reacted with the homologous and heterologous antisera to whole pili and cleaved pilin. Antisera to whole pili reacted strongly with homologous pilin. Weaker and inconsistent reactions were detected with heterologous pilin. Antisera produced to cyanogen bromide-cleaved pilin proteins reacted strongly with homologous and heterologous pilin fragments and uncleaved pilin proteins. These findings demonstrate the presence of conserved antigenic determinants on pili from heterologous strains that are non-immunogenic in the intact pilus but are immunogenic after treatment with cyanogen bromide. Cyanogen bromide-treated pilus preparation might have potential as a vaccine because antibodies are induced against heterologous strains of M. bovis, whether these cross-reactive antibodies are protective remains to be determined.  相似文献   

The transmission of Babesia bovis using frozen infective material obtained from Boophilus microplus larvae     

F T Potgieter  A S Van Vuuren 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1974,41(2):79-80

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Fire behaviour in the Kruger National Park     

W.S.W. Trollope  A.L.F. Potgieter 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(2):17-22

Abstract

Fire research in the Kruger National Park has largely been focussed on the effect of the season and frequency of burning on the vegetation. Very little information is available on the effect of fire behaviour and in particular fire intensity, on the flora of the Park. Consequently a research project was conducted to develop statistical models for predicting fire intensity, flame height and rate of spread in the field. The devleopment of these models constitutes the initial phase of determining the relationship between fire behaviour and vegetation response.  相似文献   

The ovine respiratory syncytial virus F gene sequence and its diagnostic application.     

N Z Eleraky  S A Kania  L N Potgieter 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(6):455-461

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Tick transmission of Anaplasma centrale   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F T Potgieter  L van Rensburg 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1987,54(1):5-7

Anaplasma centrale was isolated from a field collection of Rhipicephalus simus. Transstadial transmission of A. centrale with adult ticks was demonstrated, but the infection was not carried transovarially. Ticks from this collection were subsequently reared as a non-infected, laboratory strain. It was proved that the Onderstepoort live blood vaccine strain of A. centrale, isolated by Theiler in 1911, is still tick transmissible after more than 75 years of needle passage through cattle in the laboratory. Attempts to demonstrate transstadial transmission of the vaccine strain with Boophilus decoloratus and Boophilus microplus failed.  相似文献