Parvoviral myocarditis in a 5‐week‐old Dachshund          下载免费PDF全文

Tara A. Sime DVM  Lisa L. Powell DVM  DACVECC  Julie C. Schildt DVM  DACVECC  Erik J. Olson DVM  PhD  DACVP 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2015,25(6):765-769

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Best Practices for Planning Events Encouraging Human–Animal Interactions          下载免费PDF全文

G. Erdozain  K. KuKanich  B. Chapman  D. Powell 《Zoonoses and public health》2015,62(2):90-99

Educational events encouraging human–animal interaction include the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. It is estimated that 14% of all disease in the USA caused by Campylobacter spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157, non‐O157 STECs, Listeria monocytogenes, non‐typhoidal Salmonella enterica and Yersinia enterocolitica were attributable to animal contact. This article reviews best practices for organizing events where human–animal interactions are encouraged, with the objective of lowering the risk of zoonotic disease transmission.  相似文献   

Survival of Escherichia coli in soil with modified microbial community composition     

Zhanbei Liang  Charles A. Powell 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(7):1591-1599

Understanding the survival and persistence of Escherichia coli in soil with different microbial composition is essential for the accuracy of water quality assessment and microbial source tracking. This microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the survival pattern of three E. coli strains (originated from soil, dog feces and human feces, separately) in soil with modified microbial community composition. Bile salt No. 3 (BS3) of progressively increased density (0.05%, 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.50%) was added into sandy loam soils and incubated for 90 days. Laboratory cultured E. coli were then inoculated into soil and incubated for another 150 days to monitor their survival pattern. Change of bacterial community diversity by BS3 was detected by both cultivation based and cultivation independent (PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) methods. In general, progressively increased BS3 concentration resulted in decreased CFU counts both at 10 days and 90 days incubation. DGGE analysis indicated only a slight change in bacterial community composition at 10 days but a significant change at 90 days. Cluster analysis suggested that BS3 treatment grouped separately from controls. Survival of E. coli in soil was significantly influenced by the complexity of the microbial community, as die-off rate of E. coli progressively declined with the reduction of microbial community diversity. Differential survival of E. coli under different soil microbial stress highlights the importance of incorporating biotic factors in predictive models for water quality management and microbial source tracking study.  相似文献   

Dynamics of Moraxella bovis infection and humoral immune response to bovine herpes virus type 1 during a natural outbreak of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in beef calves     

MV Zbrun  GC Zielinski  HC Piscitelli  C Descarga  LA Urbani 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(4):347-352

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is an acute disease caused by Moraxella bovis (Mb). Several factors may predispose animals to an IBK outbreak; one commonly observed is infection with bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1). The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of BHV-1 virus infection and its relation with clinical cases of IBK in weaned calves from a beef herd with a high prevalence of lesions caused by Mb. Sampling was carried out in six stages and included conjunctival swabs for isolating Mb as well as blood samples for identifying antibodies specific for BHV-1. A score for IBK lesions after observing each eye was determined. The findings of this study showed a high prevalence of BHV-1 virus infection (100% of animals were infected at the end of the trial); 67% of animals were culture-positive for Mb, but low rates of clinical IBK (19% of calves affected) were detected at the end of the trial. These results suggest that infection with BHV-1 did not predispose these animals to IBK, and that Mb infection produced clinical and subclinical disease in the absence of BHV-1 co-infection.  相似文献   

Influence of production system on the rate of onset of Campylobacter colonization in chicken flocks reared extensively in the United Kingdom     

Allen VM  Ridley AM  Harris JA  Newell DG  Powell L 《British poultry science》2011,52(1):30-39

1. Because thermophilic Campylobacter spp. are common in chicken flocks reared extensively, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were carried out on organic and free-range farms to determine the onset of colonisation (lag phase) and likely sources of flock infection. 2. For 14 organic and 14 free range flocks, there was a difference in lag phases, with the former being colonized at a mean of 14·1 d in comparison with 31·6 d for the latter. Whereas most free-range flocks became colonized when released on to pasture, those reared organically were usually colonized at the housed brooding stage. 3. Further study of organic flocks on three farms over 7 successive crop cycles confirmed that colonisation was strongly influenced by the prevailing husbandry conditions and was not a consequence of the length of the rearing period. 4. Molecular epidemiological investigations on a farm showing the shortest lag phase, using PFGE typing with two different restriction enzymes (SmaI and KpnI) and flaA SVR sequence typing, revealed that potential sources of colonisation for organic chickens were already present on the farm at the time of chick placement. Such sources included the ante area of the brooding house, surrounding pasture and other livestock being kept on the farm. 5. Overall, the study demonstrated that, under UK conditions, the prevalence of colonisation was greater in extensive flocks (95-100%) than it was for conventional broilers (55%), similar to the situation in other countries, but all three management systems showed comparable levels of caecal carriage in positive birds (log(10)/g 6·2-6·7).  相似文献   

Chemical compounds effective against the citrus Huanglongbing bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in planta     

Zhang M  Powell CA  Zhou L  He Z  Stover E  Duan Y 《Phytopathology》2011,101(9):1097-1103

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide and is threatening the survival of the Floridian citrus industry. Currently, there is no established cure for this century-old and emerging disease. As a possible control strategy for citrus HLB, therapeutic compounds were screened using a propagation test system with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-infected periwinkle and citrus plants. The results demonstrated that the combination of penicillin and streptomycin (PS) was effective in eliminating or suppressing the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterium and provided a therapeutically effective level of control for a much longer period of time than when administering either antibiotic separately. When treated with the PS, 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected periwinkle cuttings achieved 70% of regeneration rates versus <50% by other treatments. The 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterial titers in the infected periwinkle plants, as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, decreased significantly following root soaking or foliar spraying with PS. Application of the PS via trunk injection or root soaking also eliminated or suppressed the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterium in the HLB-affected citrus plants. This may provide a useful tool for the management of citrus HLB and other Liberibacter-associated diseases.  相似文献   

The presence of diatom algae in a tracheal wash from a German Wirehaired Pointer with aspiration pneumonia     

Catherine J. Benson  Mark B. Edlund  Sarah Gray  Lisa Powell  Geisa Paulin‐Curlee  Anibal Armien  Jed A. Overmann 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(2):221-226

A 7‐year‐old spayed female German Wirehaired Pointer was presented with difficulty breathing after being found seizing in a water‐filled drainage ditch while out hunting. Aspirates from a tracheal wash contained numerous degenerate neutrophils, fewer macrophages, some of which contained basophilic debris, low numbers of extracellular diatoms, and a single intracellular short bacterial rod. As the dog continued to clinically decline and could not be weaned from oxygen support, the owners chose euthanasia. The major necropsy finding was a severe granulomatous bronchopneumonia that was likely due to aspiration of foreign material based on the microscopic presence of plant‐like material, bi‐refringent crystalline material, non‐cellular debris, and occasional fungal structures. Diatoms are a class of algae that live primarily in water. Diatom analysis has been used, with some controversy, in human forensics to assist in documenting drowning as the cause of death. In this case, given the clinical history, the presence of diatoms and inflammation in the tracheal wash were interpreted as a likely result of the aspiration of surface water. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of diatoms observed in a cytologic specimen in a nonhuman mammal with aspiration pneumonia.  相似文献   

Does serum anti‐Müllerian hormone levels always discriminate presence of the ovaries in adult bitches? Comparison of two ELISA kits          下载免费PDF全文

I Pir Yagci  M Pekcan  IM Polat  H Kalender  HC Macun 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(6):910-915

Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced in the ovary, and thus, it is an excellent marker of follicle pool in females. Current interest is the clinical use of this parameter as a biomarker to assess presence or absence of an intact ovary and to diagnose ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) following incomplete ovariohysterectomy (OHE) in bitches. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum AMH concentrations in bitches (n = 34) before and after OHE using two different commercial ELISA kits, one of which is based on detecting human AMH and the other is based on detecting human AMH and the other specified for canine AMH. Furthermore, serum AMH levels were also measured in six ORS cases to compare the diagnostic utility of the two different ELISA kits. Serum AMH concentrations measured using the human and canine kit prior to and after OHE were 0.32 ± 0.24, 0.006 ± 0.22 ng/ml (p < .001) and 12.08 ± 22.81, 9.55 ± 15.42 ng/ml (p = .868), respectively. Thus, the canine‐based kit was not able to reveal the significant drop in serum AMH levels. In conclusion, the human‐based ELISA kits successfully detected the drop in serum AMH concentrations. Reliable results can only be achieved from well‐designed ELISA kits, and AMH levels might be a useful diagnostic tool for the evaluation of presence or absence of ovaries as well as for the detection of ORS cases in bitches.  相似文献   

Trace Elements in Fish Overlying Subaqueous Tailings in the Tropical West Pacific     

J. H. Powell  R. E. Powell 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,125(1):81-104

From 1972–1989, Bougainville Copper Limited (BCL) dischargedmine tailings into Empress Augusta Bay on the west coast ofBougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. For a decade(1977–1987), trace elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg and As) weremeasured in muscle tissue and organs of 8 species of tropicalmarine fish common to both the east and west coasts of theIsland. Metal concentrations were not elevated in muscle tissueof west fish compared with those from the east coast.Concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in fish muscle from bothcoasts ranged from 10–15% of recommended maximum residuelimits (MRLs), whereas concentrations of Hg in muscle wereslightly higher, ranging up to 80% of the MRL (0.5 mgkg^-1 Hg wet wt.). Maximum total As concentrations (3.6 mgkg^-1 wet wt.) were recorded in the shark (Rhizoprionodon acutus), while highest Hg values (0.76 mgkg^-1 wet wt.) were found in hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnalewini) from both coasts. Despite significant temporalvariations in Hg and As concentrations in muscle tissue of somewest coast fish populations (p < 0.05), there was no evidencefor bioaccumulation or biomagnification of any of these metalsduring the 10 yr period, even in the soft organs (liver andkidney) of fish. Several site specific factors contributing toabsence of metals uptake from tailings are discussed.  相似文献   

Status of the West Indian Manatee in Honduras     

Galen B. Rathbun  James A. Powell  Gustavo Cruz 《Biological conservation》1983,26(4):301-308

Aerial surveys and interviews with fisherman in Honduras indicate that manatee numbers are low. There is an abundance of suitable habitat, and evidence on the proportion of calves indicates that manatees are reproducing. Although natural mortality occurs when the animals are trapped in small landlocked coastal lagoons, the greatest threat to manatees is from subsistence hunting for their meat. Harpooning from a small motorised canoe is the most common means of capture; however, entanglement in gill nets may also be employed. Enforcement of existing protective laws and enlistment of public support is required to preserve the remaining manatees in Honduras.  相似文献