Nucleotide sequence and expression of an AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV-2)   总被引：139，自引：0，他引：139  

R Sanchez-Pescador  M D Power  P J Barr  K S Steimer  M M Stempien  S L Brown-Shimer  W W Gee  A Renard  A Randolph  J A Levy 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4686):484-492

The nucleotide sequence of molecular clones of DNA from a retrovirus, ARV-2, associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was determined. Proviral DNA of ARV-2 (9737 base pairs) has long terminal repeat structures (636 base pairs) and long open reading frames encoding gag (506 codons), pol (1003 codons), and env (863 codons) genes. Two additional open reading frames were identified. Significant amino acid homology with several other retroviruses was noted in the predicted product of gag and pol, but ARV-2 was as closely related to murine and avian retroviruses as it was to human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV-I and HTLV-II). By means of an SV-40 vector in transfected simian cells, the cloned gag and env genes of ARV-2 were shown to express viral proteins.  相似文献   

高温除湿干燥机的实验和分析     

陈军  史琳  张金龙  张璧光 《北京林业大学学报》2005,(Z1)

该文介绍了作者自行设计的高温除湿干燥机的特点,以及在木材干燥生产中的工业试验研究结果.该高温除湿干燥机利用清华大学研制的高温环保工质HTR01直接灌装R22制冷机组.除湿机出口风温可稳定达到86℃以上,能够与常规蒸汽干燥窑干燥工艺相匹配.除湿比能耗(SPC)在0.38～1.04之间.通过对试验结果的分析表明,减少压缩机损和压缩机入口管路的损可以提高设备的性能.  相似文献   

Trophic Ecology of Arapaima sp. in a ria lake—river–floodplain transition zone of the Amazon          下载免费PDF全文

Felipe Carvalho  Michael Power  Bruce R. Forsberg  Leandro Castello  Eduardo G. Martins  Carlos E. C. Freitas 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(1):237-246

Neotropical floodplains are usually productive systems that are maintained by the nutrient, detritus and sediment inputs provided by the main river channel flood pulse. Ria lakes represent a special feature and habitat in the Amazonian floodplains, being characterised by a dendritic morphology and dependence on terrestrial inputs provided by an intricate stream network. Our objective was to evaluate the trophic ecology of the arapaima (Arapaima sp.). We combined stomach content analysis with measurements of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values from dorsal muscle to infer the ontogenetic changes in trophic level and isotopic niche width in floodplain and ria lakes. Arapaima diet was dominated by fish from low trophic positions. While most of the stomachs sampled in the study ria lake were full, empty stomachs predominated in samples taken in the floodplain lakes. These differences indicate that ria lakes may provide better feeding grounds for arapaima during the dry season, presumably because ria lakes are interconnected with a large stream network and the main river channel year round. Nitrogen stable isotope results further indicated an ontogenetic dietary shift in arapaima, with piscivory increasing as a function of length in both environments. Carbon stable isotope analysis indicated that energy sources used by arapaima varied by environment, with arapaima using a greater diversity of food sources in ria lakes than in floodplain lakes. Information about the main carbon sources is useful for fishery management because stakeholders may choose to conserve key vegetal groups to ensure the productivity and diversity of aquatic ecosystems.  相似文献   

A multi-field bio-economic model of irrigated grain-cotton farming systems     

B. Power  D. RodriguezP. deVoil  G. HarrisJ. Payero 《Field Crops Research》2011,124(2):171-179

We present a participatory modelling framework that integrates information from interviews and discussions with farmers and consultants, with dynamic bio-economic models to answer complex questions on the allocation of limited resources at the farm business level. Interviews and discussions with farmers were used to: describe the farm business; identify relevant research questions; identify potential solutions; and discuss and learn from the whole-farm simulations. The simulations are done using a whole-farm, multi-field configuration of APSIM (APSFarm). APSFarm results were validated against farmers’ experience. Once the model was accepted by the participating farmers as a fair representation of their farm business, the model was used to explore changes in the tactical or strategic management of the farm and results were then discussed to identify feasible options for improvement.Here we describe the modelling framework and present an example of the application of integrative whole farm system tools to answer relevant questions from an irrigated farm business case study near Dalby (151.27E - 27.17S), Queensland, Australia. Results indicated that even though cotton crops generates more farm income per hectare a more diversified rotation with less cotton would be relatively more profitable, with no increase in risk, as a more cotton dominated traditional rotation. Results are discussed in terms of the benefits and constraints from developing and applying more integrative approaches to represent farm businesses and their management in participatory research projects with the aim of designing more profitable and sustainable irrigated farming systems.  相似文献   

Assessing the diet of North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) off the West Greenland coast using gut content and stable isotope analyses          下载免费PDF全文

Heather J. Dixon  J. Brian Dempson  Timothy F. Sheehan  Mark D. Renkawitz  Michael Power 《Fisheries Oceanography》2017,26(5):555-568

Investigations on the marine feeding of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Northwest Atlantic are limited compared with the Northeast Atlantic. Climate‐induced changes to food webs in Atlantic salmon feeding areas have been noted, alongside increased mortality despite a cessation of most marine fisheries. As forage efficiency may be hampering survival, it was important to address this knowledge gap. Atlantic salmon were sampled at three sites on the West Greenland coast (Sisimiut, Nuuk and Qaqortoq) between 2009 and 2011. Gut content and stable isotope analyses were combined to assess spatial and temporal differences in feeding. Capelin (Mallotus villosus) dominated the diet at Nuuk and Qaqortoq, whereas boreoatlantic armhook squid (Gonatus fabricii) was the dominant prey at Sisimiut. Hyperiid amphipods (Themisto spp.) and sand lance (Ammodytes spp.) were also important. Significant differences were found among sites for both gut contents and stable isotope analyses, with fewer differences evident temporally. Dietary differences were also evident across larger scales, with little overlap demonstrated with Northeast Atlantic diets and the emergence of boreoatlantic armhook squid as an important prey item over time. Atlantic salmon diets are frequently anchored on one or two prey items, on which they appear to specialize, but they will diversify to consume other available pelagic prey. Thus, Atlantic salmon are an opportunistic, generalist predator within the pelagic food web. The variability evident in diet suggests that the limited data available are insufficient to appropriately understand potential vulnerabilities that the species may have to ecosystem changes, and suggest further research is needed.  相似文献   

Osteochondromatosis in the racing greyhound.     

J W Power 《The Journal of small animal practice》1975,16(12):803-807

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Diploid-triploid chimaerism (64, XX/96,XXY) in an intersex foal     

M M Power  D P Leadon 《Equine veterinary journal》1990,22(3):211-214

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Annual variations in the diet of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Waitaki River and the demonstration channels, 1982–1986     

M. J. Rutledge  G. Power 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1992,1(2):123-129

The numbers of particular prey in stomach samples of juvenile chinook salmon varied between sites, months and years in two controlled flow demonstration channel sites and the mainstem lower Waitaki River. During 4 growing seasons, 1982–1986, Deleatidium, Aoteapsyche, Hydroptilidae, Elmidae, Chironomidae and Amphipoda were important components of the diet. Salmon also ate a variety of other items of aquatic and terrestrial origin. Diets were quite similar and tended to change in the same way in all sites simultaneously, perhaps in response to discharge. Smaller prey (Chironomidae, Hydroptilidae and early instar Aoteapsyche) were more numerous in stomach samples in seasons of lower, more stable, discharge. Fewer but larger prey were consumed during high flows. The salmon sampled in March 1986 originated from the high egg deposition of 1985 and grew during a season of low discharge. They were exceptionally small and their diet consisted of large numbers of small prey. There was no evidence of progressive annual changes in the habitat or the diet of salmon in the demonstration channels. However, it would be prudent to arrange for flow fluctuations that would be sufficient to flush finer substrate sediments in a controlled flow residual river, thus maintaining the diversity of prey for juvenile salmon.  相似文献   

Determining the consistency of thermal habitat segregation within and among Arctic charr morphotypes in Gander Lake,Newfoundland     

Michael Power  Michael F. O’Connell  Brian Dempson 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(2):245-254

Abstract – Otolith carbon and oxygen isotope data obtained from distinct genetic and ecological groups of lacustrine Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., from Gander Lake, Newfoundland, were used to examine hypotheses regarding the consistency of differential habitat use among the groups. Results indicated thermal habitat separation by group, with small ‘pale’ individuals consistently remaining in cooler profundal habitats and larger ‘dark’ individuals more frequently occupying warmer upper water column habitats. Theoretical measures of resource separation and competition indicated lower thermal habitat overlap among the forms and greater within‐form competition. Depth at capture data indicated more varied short‐term use of available lake habitats by ‘dark’ form Arctic charr, possibly as a result of cannibalistic foraging on profundal ‘pale’ form fish. Nominal capture depth data only partially explained observed variation in the mean temperature of occupied thermal habitat, suggesting that capture depth can only be used as a rough index of thermal habitat use. Provided that sufficient thermal gradients exist in the environments being studied, otolith oxygen isotopes provide a useful means of establishing the significance of niche differentiation among individuals.  相似文献   

Thermal habitat use and juvenile growth of Svalbard Arctic charr: evidence from otolith stable oxygen isotope analyses     

Jane A. Godiksen  Michael Power  Reidar Borgstrøm  J. Brian Dempson  Martin A. Svenning 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(1):134-144

Abstract – Stable oxygen isotopes (δ¹⁸O) derived from otoliths were used to estimate mean annual water temperatures experienced by individual Svalbard Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), during their first four growth seasons. The analysed Arctic charr experienced a high variety of temperatures, indicating the use of different thermal habitats. A higher proportion of the juveniles experienced warmer temperatures during their first summer compared with later summers, suggesting the selective use of the shallowest littoral areas of the lake. Although the estimated temperatures were consistent with water temperatures found in High Arctic rivers and lakes during summer, they did not represent the annual variation in air temperature registered over the 20 years of otolith measurement. Furthermore, summer otolith increment width did not correlate with the experienced temperature. However, after the second year, otolith increment width was highly dependent on increment width during the previous summer. This study estimated mean summer water temperatures experienced by individual Arctic charr during the first four growth seasons providing additional evidence that stable oxygen isotope analysis can be used to provide insight into the thermal habitat use by juvenile Arctic charr.  相似文献