Extrusion of Regular and Waxy Barley Flours for Production of Expanded Cereals     

Byung‐Kee Baik  Joseph Powers  Linhda T. Nguyen 《Cereal Chemistry》2004,81(1):94-99

Grains of two regular and two waxy barley cultivars were milled into break and reduction stream flours using a wheat milling mill, granulated to facilitate feeding and flow through the barrel, and extruded to form expanded products using a modified laboratory single‐screw extruder. As moisture content of barley granules decreased from 21 to 17%, the expansion index of extrudates increased from 1.81 to 2.68, while apparent modulus of compression work (AMCW) decreased from 17.1 × 10⁴ to 7.8 × 10⁴ N/m². Break stream flours of both regular and waxy barley produced extrudates with higher expansion index (2.72–3.02), higher water absorption index (WAI), and lower AMCW than extrudates from reduction stream flours. Extrudates produced from regular barley had generally higher expansion and lower density than those produced from waxy barley. The specific mechanical energy (SME) was greater during extrusion of regular than of waxy barley. Barrel temperatures of 130, 150, and 170°C for the feeding, compression, and metering sections, respectively, resulted in higher SME, higher expansion index, lower water absorption index and lower AMCW of extrudates compared with a constant extruder barrel temperature of 160°C. Increased screw speed generally resulted in larger expansion index and increased WAI of extrudates. With increased feed rate from 89 to 96 g/min, the expansion index of extrudates decreased from 3.20 to 2.78 in regular barley and 3.23 to 2.72 in waxy barley, and harder extrudates were produced.  相似文献   

Mitochondrial Activity, Distribution and Segregation in Bovine Oocytes and in Embryos Produced in Vitro   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

AM Tarazona  JI Rodríguez  LF Restrepo  M Olivera-Angel 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(1):5-11

Contents Bovine oocytes and embryos produced in vitro were studied to determine the mitochondrial pattern of distribution, segregation and activity using DIOC 6 and Jc-1 fluorescence. The highest fluorescence level observed in mature oocytes was taken as 100% activity and six activity levels were estimated as follows: (1) 0%, (2) 1-15%, (3) 16-30%, (4) 31-50%, (5) 51-75% and (6) 76-100%. Three patterns of mitochondrial distribution were found: (1) diffused throughout the cytoplasm in oocytes and embryos, (2) pericytoplasmic in oocytes and embryos, and (3) perinuclear only in embryos. The segregation of mitochondria in blastomeres showed two distinct patterns: (1) symmetrical with an even mitochondrial population, and (2) asymmetrical with different numbers of mitochondria in each blastomere. In immature oocytes, mitochondrial activity was very low and the distribution was diffuse or negligible, while in mature oocytes the activity was high and the distribution was diffuse or pericytoplasmic. Competent embryos up to the 16-cell stage showed intermediate levels of activity (16-50%) but activity decreased thereafter up to the blastocyst stage. Non-competent embryos showed low levels of activity (1-15%) at all stages. These results suggest that mitochondria might play an important role during early development and that a minimum threshold of activity regulates the potential competence for reaching the blastocyst stage.  相似文献   

Common procedures in psittacines.     

Lauren V Powers 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2006,9(2):287-302, vi

General techniques performed on psittacine birds are described in this article, including restraint, handling, and grooming. Procedures to collect diagnostic samples and to administer therapeutic agents are detailed, including fluid therapy and nutritional support.  相似文献   

Cytological comparison of fine-needle aspirates of liver and spleen of normal dogs and of dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours and an ultrasonographically normal appearing liver and spleen     

K. Finora  N. F. Leibman  M. J. Fettman  B. E. Powers  T. A. Hackett  S. J. Withrow 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2006,4(3):178-183

Staging of dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) is an important diagnostic step. Aspiration of the liver and the spleen is often part of routine staging. This study cytologically compared mast cell numbers in fine‐needle aspirates of liver and spleen of clinically normal unaffected dogs with those of dogs with cutaneous MCT and an ultrasonographically normal appearing liver and spleen. The unaffected dogs (n = 32) were selected from humane society dogs, and the affected dogs (n = 51) were selected from hospital cases. There were no statistically significant differences in each of the parameters evaluated for the liver aspirates. For splenic aspirates, affected dogs showed significantly more mast cells per cluster (P = 0.04) and more isolated mast cells per slide (P = 0.03) compared with unaffected dogs. However, no clinically important difference existed between the unaffected and affected dogs; thus, routine aspiration of an ultrasonographically normal appearing liver and spleen of dogs with cutaneous MCT does not appear to be a clinically useful staging tool.  相似文献   

Shearing male lambs in the cold season improves the carcass yield without affecting fattening performance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mehmet Akif ÇAM  Mustafa OLFAZ  Ali Vaiz GARIPOGLU 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(3):259-265

This research was carried out to determine the effects of shearing of different genotypes of male lambs (one from pure Karayaka stock and two from its crossbreed) in winter on bodyweight gain, feed consumtion, feed conversion efficiency, rectal temperature and carcass yield. A total of 21 lambs aged 8 months were allocated randomly to experimental groups according to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement for shorn and unshorn animals. The lambs were fed grass hay (100 g/lamb/day) and commercial concentrate feed ad libitum during a 54‐day of fattening period. The lambs were shorn in the middle of the experiment (27 days after beginning the trial). The interaction between the shearing treatment × genotype of the studied parameters was found to be insignificant. The shearing process increased the rectal temperature (P < 0.01), hot carcass yield (P < 0.05) and dressing percentage (P < 0.05) and decreased the weight of the edible inner organs (P < 0.01). Some of these parameters were affected by the genotypes. It was concluded that shearing male lambs in the winter can have a beneficial effect on the hot carcass weight and dressing percentage without affecting fattening performance, and the performance of Karayaka lambs and its crossbred male lambs were similar under the conditions of the present study.  相似文献   

Assessment of the potential of dogs and cats as urban reservoirs of Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses     

AM BOYD  BH KAY 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(1):83-86

Objective To determine whether dogs and cats are potential reservoirs of Ross River (RR) and Barmah Forest (BF) viruses
Method Young seronegative female dogs and cats were experimentally exposed to the viruses using Ochlerotatus vigilax (Skuse) mosquitoes.
Results Only one of the 10 dogs and one of the 10 cats exposed to RR developed neutralising antibody. None of the animals developed detectable viraemia or clinical signs. One dog and three cats exposed to BF developed neutralising antibody. In addition, a serological survey of sera obtained from domestic dogs and cats residing in the Brisbane region indicated that 23.7% and 1.3% of dogs, and 14% and 2% of cats, had neutralising antibodies to RR and BF respectively.
Conclusions Although dogs and cats are exposed naturally to these viruses, and can become infected, they are unlikely to be important urban reservoirs of either virus.  相似文献   

Spontaneous regression of osteosarcoma in four dogs     

Mehl ML  Withrow SJ  Seguin B  Powers BE  Dernell WS  Pardo AD  Rosenthal RC  Dolginow SZ  Park RD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(5):614-617

Spontaneous regression of primary malignant bone tumors is rare but has been reported in the human literature. To the authors' knowledge, spontaneous regression of primary bone tumors in dogs or cats has not been reported. Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumor in humans, and it has been reported that the incidence of OSA is 40 to 50 times greater in dogs than humans. In this report, high-grade OSA was diagnosed in biopsy specimens obtained from 4 dogs that subsequently underwent spontaneous regression without tumor-specific treatment. Osteosarcoma in dogs has characteristics similar to that of OSA in humans.  相似文献   

Effect of Stressors on Ova Transport in the Pig     

AM Mwanza  P Englund  S Einarsson  H Kindahl 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2000,35(3-4):188-189

  相似文献   

Perth 2000 AGM date     

Bill Gee AM 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(3):141-141

  相似文献   

Giant Piezoelectric Effect in Strontium Titanate at Cryogenic Temperatures     

DE Grupp  AM Goldman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,276(5311):392-394

Piezoelectric materials have many applications at cryogenic temperatures. However, the piezoelectric response below 10 kelvin is diminished, making the use of these materials somewhat marginal. Results are presented on strontium titanate (SrTiO3), which exhibits a rapidly increasing piezoelectric response with decreasing temperature below 50 kelvin; the magnitude of its response around 1 kelvin is comparable to that of the best materials at room temperature. This "giant" piezoelectric response may open the way for a broad class of applications including use in ultralow-temperature scanning microscopies and in a magnetic field-insensitive thermometer. These observations, and the possible divergence of the mechanical response to electric fields at even lower temperatures, may arise from an apparent quantum critical point at absolute zero.  相似文献