On the Quantum Nature of the Shared Proton in Hydrogen Bonds     

ME Tuckerman  D Marx  ML Klein  M Parrinello 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5301):817-820

The relative influence of thermal and quantum fluctuations on the proton transfer properties of the charged water complexes H5O2+ and H3O2- was investigated with the use of ab initio techniques. These small systems can be considered as prototypical representatives of strong and intermediate-strength hydrogen bonds. The shared proton in the strongly hydrogen bonded H5O2+ behaved in an essentially classical manner, whereas in the H3O2- low-barrier hydrogen bond, quantum zero-point motion played a crucial role even at room temperature. This behavior can be traced back to a small difference in the oxygen-oxygen separation and hence to the strength of the hydrogen bond.  相似文献   

Habitat split and the global decline of amphibians   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Becker CG  Fonseca CR  Haddad CF  Batista RF  Prado PI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5857):1775-1777

The worldwide decline in amphibians has been attributed to several causes, especially habitat loss and disease. We identified a further factor, namely "habitat split"-defined as human-induced disconnection between habitats used by different life history stages of a species-which forces forest-associated amphibians with aquatic larvae to make risky breeding migrations between suitable aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we found that habitat split negatively affects the richness of species with aquatic larvae but not the richness of species with terrestrial development (the latter can complete their life cycle inside forest remnants). This mechanism helps to explain why species with aquatic larvae have the highest incidence of population decline. These findings reinforce the need for the conservation and restoration of riparian vegetation.  相似文献   

Gender differences in academic rank among faculty surgeons at US veterinary schools in 2019     

Michelle A. Giuffrida VMD  MSCE  DACVS-SA  Michele A. Steffey DVM  DACVS-SA  Ingrid M. Balsa DVM  ME  DACVS-SA  Samantha L. Morello DVM  DACVS-LA  Amy S. Kapatkin DVM  MS  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(5):852-859

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Comparison of Analytical Methods for Quantifying the Levels of Lead,Cadmium, Chromium,and Nickel in Mineral Fertilizers and Industrial By-products     

Camila Prado Cenciani de Souza  Cleide Aparecida de Abreu  Cristiano Alberto de Andrade  Aline Renee Coscione Gomes  José Francisco da Cunha 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):34-56

The control of contaminants in fertilizers and industrial by-products is fundamental to safe food production, and it requires low-cost, reliable test methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the USEPA 3051a and alternative analytical methods [concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), 10 percent HCl, 10 percent sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and 50 mmol L^?1 diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)] for quantifying the levels of lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in zinc and/or copper sources. The sample digestions with concentrated HCl, H₂SO₄, and nitric acid (HNO₃) (USEPA 3051a) were heated. Extraction without heating and stirring was employed in 10 percent HCl and 50 mmol L^?1 DTPA methods. The Graybill’s modified F-test, t-test for mean error, and the linear correlation coefficient analysis were used to compare test method performance. Equivalent results to USEPA 3051a were found with the following methods: DTPA for the extraction of lead in zinc sources and concentrated HCl and H₂SO₄ for the extraction of cadmium and chromium in copper sources. However, the absolute values of cadmium, chromium, and nickel recovered by the use of H₂SO₄ were greater regardless of the source. The greater extraction of contaminants in the evaluated methods suggests that there is need to review the official method if the aim is to quantify the total levels of these elements in raw materials and mineral fertilizers.  相似文献   

Vaccination of dairy cows with recombinant Streptococcus uberis adhesion molecule induces antibodies that reduce adherence to and internalization of S. uberis into bovine mammary epithelial cells     

Prado ME  Almeida RA  Ozen C  Luther DA  Lewis MJ  Headrick SJ  Oliver SP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,141(3-4):201-208

Streptococcus uberis is an important environmental mastitis pathogen that causes subclinical and clinical mastitis in lactating and nonlactating cows and heifers throughout the world. Previous work from our laboratory suggests that S. uberis adhesion molecule (SUAM) is involved in S. uberis pathogenesis and may be an excellent target for vaccine development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibody response of cattle vaccinated with recombinant SUAM (rSUAM). Uninfected primiparous dairy cows (n=30) in late lactation were divided randomly into three groups of 10 cows each: control, 200 μg rSUAM, and 400 μg rSUAM. Cows in groups vaccinated with 200 μg and 400 μg rSUAM received an emulsion containing adjuvant, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and affinity purified rSUAM. Cows in the control group received an emulsion containing adjuvant and PBS. Cows were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck region at drying off (D-0), 28 d after drying off (D+28) and within 7 d after calving. Serum was collected at D-0, D+28, at calving (C-0), calving vaccination (CV), and during early lactation (CV+14). Serum antibody responses were measured by an ELISA against rSUAM. Following the first vaccination a significant increase in anti-rSUAM antibodies was detected at D+28 in cows from groups vaccinated with 200 μg and 400 μg rSUAM when compared to the control group. This increase in anti-rSUAM antibodies continued following the second immunization at D+28; reaching the highest levels in the post-parturient sampling period (C0), after which antibodies appeared to plateau. S. uberis UT888 pretreated with several dilutions of heat-inactivated serum from cows vaccinated with rSUAM, affinity purified antibodies against rSUAM, and to a 17 amino acid long peptide from the N terminus of SUAM (pep-SUAM) were co-cultured with bovine mammary epithelial cells and adherence to and internalization of S. uberis into epithelial cells was measured. Compared to untreated controls, opsonization of two strains of S. uberis with sera from cows vaccinated with rSUAM, with affinity purified rSUAM antibodies, or with affinity purified pep-SUAM antibodies significantly reduced adherence to and internalization of this pathogen into bovine mammary epithelial cells. In conclusion, subcutaneous vaccination of dairy cows with rSUAM during physiological transitions of the mammary gland either from or to a state of active milk synthesis induced antibodies in serum and milk and these antibodies reduced adherence to and internalization of S. uberis into mammary epithelial cells under in vitro conditions. SUAM appears to be an excellent candidate for vaccine development.  相似文献   

Expression of Maternal Transcripts During Bovine Oocyte In Vitro Maturation is Affected by Donor Age     

R Romar  T De Santis  P Papillier  C Perreau  A Thélie  ME Dell’Aquila  P Mermillod  R Dalbiès‐Tran 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):e23-e30

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Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs in eastern Bolivia     

D. F. Brown  G. A. Méndez Prado  J. L. Quiroga  D. A. Stagg  G. J. Méndez Cadima  L. H. Sánchez Méndez  R. Méndez Cuellar 《Tropical animal health and production》1996,28(1):137-142

Summary Trichinellosis in pigs in Bolivia was first documented in 1993 following a small abattoir survey in a rural community in the Bolivian Altiplano. The present study investigated the presence of antibodies toTrichinella spiralis in pigs in the 2 largest departments in terms of pig production in Bolivia. Three geographically separate abattoir surveys were conducted to cover the major production areas in the Departments of Santa Cruz and Chuquisaca. Sera were tested using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Of the 1,327 sera analysed from the 3 areas, 13·4% overall tested positive. Results from the 3 individual surveys varied from 10·2% seropositivity to 17·1 per cent. However, within each of the 3 sample areas, highly significant variation in seropositivity was encountered, with those areas with the most extensive production systems having the highest percentage of positive sera. Such variation is probably due to differences in nutrition with foraging and household waste being important components of pig diets in extensive production systems. The results of this study were similar to those obtained from the previous survey in the Altiplano and indicate that trichinellosis is present throughout Bolivia and is a potentially important public health problem.

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Infeccion PorTrichinella Spiralis En Cerdos En El Este De Bolivia

Resumen La triquinosis porcina fue detectada por primera vez en Bolivia en 1993 después de un estudio realizado en un matadero situado en una pequeña comunidad del altiplano. En est artículo se investigó la presencia de anticuerpos frente aTrichinella spiralis en cerdos en los 2 departamentos con una mayor cabaña porcina de Bolivia. Se estudiaron 3 matederos separados entre sí con objeto de cubrir las principales áreas productoras de cerdos en los departamentos de Santa Cruz y Chuquisaca. Se realizaron tests ELISA para detectar anticuerpos en el suero. De las 1327 muestras analizadas en total, el 13·4% fueron positivas. Los resultados obtenidos en cada matadero variaron entre el 10·2 y el 17·1% de seropositivos. No obstante, dentro de cada matadero se encontró una gran variabilidad, y aquellas áreas con sistemas de producción más extensivos fueron las que tuvieron porcentajes más altos de animales positivos. Esto se debe probablemente a diferencias en la alimentación, puesto que el pastoreo y el aprovechamiento de residuos domésticos son más importantes en los sistemas extensivos. Estos resultados son similares a los obtenidos anteriormente en otros estudios realizados en el altiplano e indican que la triquinosis está extendida en Bolivia y supone un peligro potencial para la salud humana.

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Infection ParTrichinella Spiralis Chez Des Porcs Dans L'est De La Bolivie

Résumé Des cas de trichinelloses chez des porcs en Bolivie ont été rapportés pour la première fois en 1993 après le suivi d'un petit abattoir d'une Communauté rurale de l'Altiplano bolivien. La présente étude s'intéressa à la présence d'anticorps contreTrichinella spiralis chez des porcs pour les 2 plus grands départements boliviens en terme de production porcine. L'étude de 3 abattoirs géographiquement distincts fut conduite pour couvrir les principales aires de production dans les Départements de Santa Cruz et de Chuqisaca. Les serums furent testés par ELISA. Parmi les 1327 serums analyses pour les 3 zones, 13,4% furent positifs. Les résultats de séropositivité pour les 3 zones varient entre 10,2% et 17,1%. Cependant, pour les 3 zones étudiées des variations trés significatives de séropositivité furent observées avec des pourcentages de séropositivité les plus élévés pour les zones ayant des systèmes de production extensive. De telles variations sont probablement dùes aux différences de nutrition par fourrage et déchets ménagés, principales composantes du régime alimentaire des porcs dans les systèmes de production extensive. Les résultats de cette étude furent similaires à ceux obtenus lors d'une étude précédente dans l'Altiplano, indiquant que la trichinellose est présente dans toute la Bolivie et apparait potentiellement comme un problème important de santè publique.

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Cochliomyia hominivorax myiasis in a colony of stray cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) in Rio de Janeiro, RJ     

Mendes-de-Almeida F  Labarthe N  Guerrero J  Landau-Remy G  Rodrigues DP  Borja GE  Pereira MJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,146(3-4):376-378

Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation in domestic cats of an urban colony in the city of Rio de Janeiro is described. The overall prevalence over the period 2001-2005 was 12.5%. Only adult cats were found infested and among these, most cases were observed in males (28%) (p < or = 0.05). The most frequently infested areas of the cats' bodies were the face and nape of the neck. Most lesions were found on the front part of the body of adult males (80%), suggesting that myiasis occur in consequence of competitive fighting wounds.  相似文献   

From the laboratory to the field: efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes to control the cattle tick     

Marcos Daniel Gomes Filgueiras  Renata Silva Matos  Lucas Prado Barreto  Gabriel Moura Mascarin  Pricila Vetrano Rizzo  Fernanda Mara Cunha Freitas  Márcia Cristina de Azevedo Prata  Caio Monteiro  Éverton Kort Kamp Fernandes 《Pest management science》2023,79(1):216-225

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Susceptibility to antimicrobials of mastitis‐causing Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus uberis and Str. dysgalactiae from New Zealand and the USA as assessed by the disk diffusion test          下载免费PDF全文

KR Petrovski  A Grinberg  NB Williamson  ME Abdalla  N Lopez‐Villalobos  TJ Parkinson  IG Tucker  P Rapnicki 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(7):227-233

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