Searching for bioactive compounds from Solanaceae: lethal and sublethal toxicity to Spodoptera frugiperda and untargeted metabolomics approaches     

Lima  Andre&#;sa Fabri  do Prado Ribeiro  Leandro  Gon&#;alves  Gabriel Luiz Padoan  Maimone  Naydja Moralles  Gissi  Danilo Soares  de Lira  Simone Possedente  Vendramim  Jos&#; Djair 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(3):1317-1329

Journal of Pest Science - The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of maize crops and others row crops on the American continent, and this...  相似文献   

Formation of carbon particles from a gas phase: Nucleation phenomenon     

J. Lahaye  G. Prado 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1974,3(4):473-481

Highly divided C can be formed by heat treatment of hydrocarbons in absence of O (thermal decomposition) or in its presence (flames). This variety of C, named soot or carbon black, has a considerable polluting effect. Moreover, considering the increasing cost of energy sources, energy loss under the form of unburnt species has to be reduced. To decrease or to suppress soot formation, it is often necessary to know the mechanism of formation and, in particular, the phenomena involved in the nucleation step. The mechanism of soot formation in flames is basically identical in premixed flames and in diffusion flames. However, as the different chemical stages are well separated, from a spatial point of view, in premixed flames, most investigations deal with this type of flame. In the oxidation zone of the flame (blue zone), a part of the hydrocarbon is burnt out while another part undergoes complex reactions leading to polyacetylenes and later to polycyclic hydrocarbons with lateral chains. In the same region, ions are formed by chemiionization. In the zone of formation of C particles (yellow zone), polycyclic hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated and give polyaromatic hydrocarbons; their partial pressure increases until they reach a supersaturation high enough to induce nucleation of liquid microdroplets. The microdroplets are formed by homogeneous nucleation as well, probably, as the nucleation on the positive ions formed in the oxidation zone of the flame; they are converted by growth, association and chemical transformation into solid soot particles. In thermal systems, the mechanisms involved are identical except that nucleation on ions may be disregarded. In both systems, nucleation of microdroplets is a fast and discontinuous phenomenon. Such an understanding in C particle formation might be efficiently used to reduce noticeably atmospheric pollution and energy loss by soot formation.  相似文献   

Laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract diseases of dogs and cats     

ME Matz  WG Guilford 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):292-301

An increasing number of laboratory tests are available for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract diseases in dogs and cats. Use of these tests can lead to more accurate and rapid diagnoses. This review discusses laboratory tests, both new and old, and the role they currently play in the evaluation of animals presented with gastrointestinal problems. A minimum database helps assess the severity of the disorder, detect extra-gastrointestinal causes of problems and assists in formulating diagnostic and therapeutic plans.

Faecal examination remains one of the most important diagnostic procedures in the investigation of gastrointestinal problems. Zinc sulphate faecal flotation is an excellent routine screening technique for helminth and protozoal infections, including giardiasis. Rectal cytology can assist in the diagnosis of large bowel disorders. Interpretation of faecal immunodiagnostic tests is hampered by insufficient knowledge of test sensitivities and specificities. Routine faecal cultures are not warranted and faecal occult blood tests are rarely indicated.

Serum tests for gastric inflammation are now under development. The serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity test remains the gold standard technique for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Breath hydrogen tests can be helpful in assessing the functional relevance of mild abnormalities in small-bowel biopsy specimens. Subnormal concentrations of serum cobalamin appear to be more specific indicators of gastrointestinal disease in cats than in dogs. Tests for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth remain controversial and assessment of gastrointestinal permeability has yet to prove its value in the diagnostic assessment of companion animals with gastrointestinal problems. Faecal alpha₁-protease inhibitor (α₁-PI) shows promise for the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy.  相似文献   

Pyroptosis and adaptive immunity mechanisms are promptly engendered in mesenteric lymph-nodes during pig infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium     

Rodrigo Prado Martins  Carmen Aguilar  James E Graham  Ana Carvajal  Rocío Bautista  M Gonzalo Claros  Juan J Garrido 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):120

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Detection of post‐F1 fish hybrids in broodstock using molecular markers: approaches for genetic management in aquaculture     

Diogo Teruo Hashimoto  Fernanda Dotti do Prado  José Augusto Senhorini  Fausto Foresti  Fábio Porto‐Foresti 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(6):876-884

Herein, we have developed molecular markers for nuclear genes to use in multiplex‐PCR and PCR‐RFLP, with the goal of characterising hybrid lines derived from crosses between pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and cachara P. reticulatum. These markers, together with others described previously, were used to perform molecular identification analyses as genetic subsidies for Brazilian aquaculture. These analyses were performed due to the problems of high mortality in the offspring reported by the aquaculturist. From a total of 16 broodstock samples, 13 were genetically identified as hybrids; surprisingly, nine of these hybrids were found to be post‐F1 lineages. These data show that the fertility of these animals can seriously affect the cultivated stocks, thus causing financial damage in this aquaculture system. The establishment of PCR‐RFLP and multiplex‐PCR as molecular techniques allows for both the correct management of these animals and the routine monitoring of production and trade of fish hybrids in aquaculture. Consequently, such tools will enable a sustainable development in the aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

Boron fertilization and liming for Eucalyptus urograndis cropped on sandy arenosol of Brazilian pampa     

Décio Oscar Cardoso Ferreto  Juliano do Prado Rodrigues  Mariana Alves Ibarr  Cassio Strassburger de Oliveira  Renan Costa Beber Vieira  Mirla Andrade Weber 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(3):399-409

Boron (B) requirement and its interaction with liming for eucalyptus plantations in sandy soils of Brazilian Pampa are poorly understood. Aiming to diminish this gap, seedlings of Eucalyptus urograndis were grown in pots with Arenosol fertilized with B at rates 0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg B dm^?3, with and without liming. Results of shoot and root dry matter and stem diameter did not evidence the necessity of B fertilization. With the exception of the 1.0 mg B dm^?3+lime, all other B-fertilized treatments promoted visual symptoms of toxicity, which were partially mitigated by liming. Liming exacerbated the B loss by leaching, but after five months, limed soils had higher content of available B and their plants had higher B concentration in shoots and roots. For our conditions, application of ≥2.5 mg B dm^?3 can cause serious toxic injuries to plants and enlarge dramatically the B losses leaching.  相似文献   

Morphological and molecular characterization of different Echinochloa spp. and Oryza sativa populations     

Ruiz-Santaella JP  Bastida F  Franco AR  De Prado R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(4):1166-1172

Echinochloa P. Beauv. is an important genus because many of its species are weeds infesting most paddy fields, which can reduce the rice grain production by up to 80%. A controversy exists about the taxonomy of the genus due to the high level of morphological variations found in these species. Cyhalofop-butyl, an aryloxyphenoxy-propionate herbicide, is used to control Echinochloa spp. in paddy fields, although differences in susceptibility were found between different Echinochloa species. E. colona was highly susceptible [ED50= 34 g of active ingredient (ai) ha(-1)]; very similar results were obtained with the remaining species. By contrast, E. oryzicola (170 g of ai ha(-1)) was less sensitive, with the herbicide symptoms appearing later. Because of this differential susceptibility, morphological and molecular studies were carried out. A morphological study, using 21 characters both quantitative and qualitative of spikelets and seedlings, was capable of clearly distinguishing closely related E. crus-galli plants (two populations), E. muricata and E. crus-pavonis, and E. oryzicola, E. utilis, and E. colona species. The resolution of Echinochloa species at the molecular level, based on RAPD analyses, was fairly consistent with morphological analysis results. Among the 60 primers screened, 21 primers exhibited polymorphic bands and produced a total of 136 RAPD markers. Of all the amplified fragments, 90 were found to be polymorphic. E. oryzicola and E. colona were clearly separated, and the RAPD analyses showed that both E. crus-galli populations were 100% related and 51% related to E. utilis, whereas E. crus-pavonis and E. muricata (73% similarity) appeared as being clearly separated from this group.  相似文献   

Reactive natural phosphate enriched with filter cake enhances soil P content and noni seedlings growth*     

Gustavo Caione  Cid Naudi Silva Campos  Flávia Bastos Agostinho  Leandro Rosatto Moda  Renato de Mello Prado 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(1):1-4

One of the major challenges in crop production is increase efficiency of non-renewable P sources, or replace them with renewable sources. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization using reactive natural phosphate, filter cake, peat and biofertilizer on soil P content, foliar P content and growth of noni seedlings. The treatments were: control (without P fertilization); phosphorus; filter cake; phosphorus?+?filter cake; phosphorus?+?filter cake?+?peat; and phosphorus?+?filter cake?+?peat?+?biofertilizer. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments phosphorus?+?filter cake; phosphorus?+ filter cake?+?peat; and phosphorus?+?filter cake?+?peat?+?biofertilizer increased phosphorus content in soil and in leaf, and the growth of noni seedlings. Our results indicates that natural reactive phosphate enriched with filter cake can be used as phosphate fertilizer on noni seedlings cultivation.  相似文献   

Growth hormones therapy in immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi     

Eduardo Osório Frare  Leony Cristina Caetano  Jerri C. Caldeira  José Clóvis do Prado Jr. 《Research in veterinary science》2010,88(2):273-278

Growth hormone (GH) is an important hypophyseal hormone that is primarily involved in body growth and metabolism. In mammals, control of Trypanosoma cruzi parasitism during the acute phase of infection is considered to be critically dependent on direct macrophage activation by cytokines. To explore the possibility that GH might be effective in the treatment of Chagas’ disease, we investigated its effects on the course of T. cruzi infection in rats, focusing our analyses on its influences on parasitemia, NO, TNF-α and IFN-γ concentration and on histopathological alterations and parasite burden in heart tissue. T. cruzi-infected male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with 5 ng/10 g body weight/day of GH. Animals treated with GH showed a significant reduction in the number of blood trypomastigotes during the acute phase of infection compared with untreated animals (P < 0.05). For all experimental days (7, 14 and 21 post infection) of the acute phase, infected and GH treated animals reached higher concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ and nitric oxide as compared to untreated and infected counterparts (P < 0.05) Histopathological observations of heart tissue revealed that GH administration also resulted in fewer and smaller amastigote burdens, and less inflammatory infiltrate and tissue disorganization, indicating a reduced parasitism of this tissue. These results show that GH can be considered as an immunomodulator substance for controlling parasite replication and combined with the current drug used may represent in the future a new therapeutic tool to reduce the harmful effects of Chagas’ disease.  相似文献   

Undernutrition During Foetal and Post‐Natal Life Affects Testicular Structure and Reduces the Number of Sertoli Cells in the Adult Rat     

P Genovese  ME Núñez  C Pombo  A Bielli 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):233-236

To test whether undernutrition during foetal to pre‐pubertal life would have long lasting effects on testicular histology in adult male offspring, eleven adult Sprague–Dawley pregnant rats were divided into two groups: Control group, n = 4, fed ad libitum, during gestation and lactation (until 25 day post‐partum). Underfed group pregnant females (n = 7) were kept in cages where only dams had access to food (standard rat chow, 33.5% of ad libitum intake of Control group pregnant dams). After parturition, litters were adjusted to either 14 (Underfed group) or eight (Control group) pups. Mothers were weighed weekly. At 25 day of age pups were weaned, housed at four animals per cage, fed ad libitum and weighed weekly until euthanized at 100 day of age. Testes were processed for standard histology and morphometrical evaluation. At weaning, mother weight was lower in Underfedthan in Control group (mean ± SD): 214.1 ± 26.2 g vs 361.9 ± 33.1 g. Body weight at 100 days of age (254 ± 26.9 g vs 342.4 ± 10.2 g, p ≤ 0.001), testicular weight (1.29 ± 0.16 g vs 1.45 ± 0.13 g, p = 0.03), number of Sertoli cells per seminiferous tubule cross section (18.2 ± 1.2 vs 20.2 ± 1.3, p ≤ 0.01) and per testis (30.5 ± 4.2×10⁶ vs 36.0 ± 5.4×10⁶) were lower (p < 0.05) in Underfed than in Control group. This is the first report stating that foetal to pubertal subnutrition is accompanied by changes in testicular structure and lower Sertoli cell numbers in adult life, strongly suggesting lower daily sperm production.  相似文献