Who are the future farmers? Media representations of youth in agriculture,food security and ‘modern’ farming in Indonesia     

Tessa D. Toumbourou  Wolfram H. Dressler  Anna Sanders  Ekawati Liu  Trent Brown  Ariane Utomo 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2023,64(2):188-208

In Indonesia, state and non-state actors frame youth attrition from agriculture as a food security concern and propose policy solutions focused on ‘modern’ farming techniques. Using a critical framing analysis of five national Indonesian news media sources from 2010 to 2020, we examine how government, development and private sector actors portray youth in agriculture, and the underlying assumptions that inform related policy and development agendas. Our analysis reveals contrasting portrayals of youth in agriculture. Youth are often depicted as averse to farming, while also being innovative adopters of modern farming techniques, equipment, and digital technologies. We argue that media frames reflect and reinforce the dominant discourses of state and non-state actors, which have a productivist orientation, proposing technical, capital-intensive agricultural solutions to food insecurity and related issues. News media pays comparatively less attention to structural barriers to youth entry and success in agriculture, such as limited access to land and finance and unfavourable terms of trade.  相似文献   

How commercial fishing effort is managed     

Christopher M. Anderson  Melissa J. Krigbaum  Martin C. Arostegui  Megan L. Feddern  John Zachary Koehn  Peter T. Kuriyama  Christina Morrisett  Caitlin I. Allen Akselrud  Melanie J. Davis  Courtney Fiamengo  Ava Fuller  Qi Lee  Katherine N. McElroy  Maite Pons  Jessica Sanders 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(2):268-285

Wild capture fisheries produce 90 million tonnes of food each year and have the potential to provide sustainable livelihoods for nearly 40 million people around the world ( http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf ). After decades of overfishing since industrialization, many global fish stocks have recovered, a change brought about through effective management. We provide a synthetic overview of three approaches that managers use to sustain stocks: regulating catch and fishing mortality, regulating effort and regulating spatial access. Within each of these approaches, we describe common restrictions, how they alter incentives to change fishing behaviour, and the resultant ecological, economic and community‐level outcomes. For each approach, we present prominent case‐studies that illustrate behaviour and the corresponding performance. These case‐studies show that sustaining target stocks requires a hard limit on fishing mortality under most conditions, but that additional measures are required to generate economic benefits. Different systems for allocation allow stakeholder communities to strike a locally acceptable balance between profitability and employment.  相似文献   

Nora McKeon: Food security governance: empowering communities,regulating corporations     

Arie Sanders 《Agriculture and Human Values》2017,34(1):237-238

  相似文献   

The Use of Compound B-Mode Ultrasound in Abdominal Disease of Animals     

A. Everette  James  F. O. Osterman  R. M. Bush  T. Sheehan  G. Novak  D. Wight  R. C. Sanders 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1976,17(3):106-112

  相似文献   

Characterization of relative growth of empty body and carcass components for bulls from a five-breed diallel     

J F Baker  W L Bryson  J O Sanders  P F Dahm  T C Cartwright  W C Ellis  C R Long 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(8):3167-3176

Slaughter and carcass data were obtained on 197 bulls produced in a diallel involving Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Holstein and Jersey that were slaughtered at either 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, or 30 mo of age. Bulls were given ad libitum access to a 72% TDN diet on an individual basis from 6 mo of age until slaughter. Empty body weight (EBWT) was determined as the sum of the weights of blood, hide, hard drop, soft drop (minus contents of the digestive tract), and carcass weight (CWT), which were recorded at slaughter. Carcass protein (CPROT) and fat (CFAT) were based on weights and chemical analyses of lean and fat tissue and bone of the carcass. Empty body protein (EBPROT) and fat (EBFAT) were based on weights and chemical estimates of the components of the empty body. Growth of EBWT, EBPROT, EBFAT, CWT, CPROT, and CFAT relative to either live weight (LWT), EBWT, or CWT were investigated using the allometric equation. Breed-type differences existed (P less than .01) for the growth of EBWT relative to LWT. Comparisons of general combining abilities revealed that Angus, Hereford, and Jersey generally had lower maturing rates of EBWT relative to LWT and that Brahman and Holstein had higher maturing rates. Across breed-type, relative growth rates indicated that fat and protein were later-maturing components relative to LWT, EBWT, or CWT, which implies that other components mature relatively earlier. Relative maturing rates of components studied were not important in explaining differences in body composition that have been previously reported for these breed-types.  相似文献   

Effects of Interactions of Moisture Regime and Nutrient Addition on Nodulation and Carbon Partitioning in Two Cultivars of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)     

T. Boutraa  & F. E. Sanders 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,186(4):229-237

Major limitations of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in arid and semiarid regions are lack of moisture and low soil fertility. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of soil moisture and N : P : K (20 : 10 : 10) fertilizer on root and shoot growth of two cultivars of bean: cv. Carioca, an indeterminate Brazilian landrace, and cv. Prince, a determinate cultivar grown in Europe. Carioca appears generally stress-tolerant while Prince is intolerant. Seedlings were grown in pots of non-sterile soil at 30, 60 or 90 % field capacity (FC), and given 0, 0.1 or 1 g (kg soil)^–1 of compound fertilizer. The soil contained a population of effective Rhizobium . Growth of both cultivars was greatest in the high moisture and high nutrient treatments. Root fractions were highest at low nutrient supply; the effect of water was not significant. Leaf fraction decreased as root fraction increased. Numbers of nodules were highest at high and intermediate moisture when no fertilizer was applied. Numbers were lowest at 30 % FC and at the highest fertilizer rate. Masses of nodules and fractions followed the same pattern. Decreasing water regime reduced the relative growth rate (RGR) of Prince, while Carioca maintained high RGR at unfavourable conditions of water and nutrients. Net assimilation rates (NAR) were unaffected by nutrient addition, and reduced by low moisture regime. Water use efficiencies (WUEs) were reduced by water stress but increased by nutrient deficiency. The water utilization for dry matter production was optimal at 60 % FC.  相似文献   

Heterosis retention for birth and weaning characters of calves in the third generation of a five-breed diallel.     

R E Sacco  J F Baker  T C Cartwright  C R Long  J O Sanders 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(12):4754-4762

Data were 876 birth records and 727 weaning records of straightbred and F3 crossbred calves produced in the third generation of a five-breed diallel. Among straightbreds at birth, Holstein calves were heaviest and widest at the shoulders and hips. Jersey calves were lightest and narrowest at the hips, and Brahman calves were narrowest at the shoulders. Holstein crosses tended to be larger at birth than crosses among other breeds. Among straightbreds at weaning, Holstein calves were heaviest and tallest, and Hereford calves were lightest and shortest. Angus calves had the highest survival to weaning rate, and Holstein calves had the lowest survival rate. Among crossbred calves, Holstein crosses tended to be larger at weaning. Estimates of average heterosis retained for birth characters were not significant. Significant breed mean heterosis retention was observed for birth weight, shoulder width, and hip width of Hereford calves and for shoulder width and hip width of Holstein calves. Estimates of average heterosis retained for weaning weight and height were 6.1 kg (P less than .01) and 1.02 cm (P less than .05), respectively. In general, estimates of specific and average heterosis retained for survival to weaning were nonsignificant. Significant breed mean heterosis was observed for weaning weight and height of Brahman, Hereford, and Holstein calves and for survival to weaning of Hereford, Holstein, and Jersey calves.  相似文献   

Neutrophil function in dogs with congenital ciliary dyskinesia.     

J M Maddux  D F Edwards  M A Barnhill  W L Sanders 《Veterinary pathology》1991,28(5):347-353

In vitro neutrophil function was assessed in two English Springer Spaniel dogs, two Bichon Frise dogs, and one Chow Chow dog with congenital ciliary dyskinesia; three clinically normal English Springer Spaniel dogs that were presumed heterozygous for congenital ciliary dyskinesia; and five control dogs. Chemotaxis and random migration in affected and heterozygous dogs were found to be comparable to those of control dogs. Increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) neutrophil adhesion, antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, iodination of proteins, and oxygen radical production in neutrophils from affected dogs were probably the result of chronic bacterial infection in vivo. Bacterial ingestion by neutrophils from the three heterozygous English Springer Spaniel dogs was significantly increased compared to control dogs but was not different from affected English Springer Spaniel dogs, suggesting a breed-related phenomenon. Significant decreases in neutrophil function were not seen in any of the dogs with congenital ciliary dyskinesia, indicating that a defective microtubular system is not shared by respiratory cilia and neutrophils and that defective neutrophil function does not contribute to respiratory infection.  相似文献   

Deconvolution study of the absorption rate and disposition kinetic values of lindane in sheep.     

M Dagorn  P Guillot  P Sanders  M Laurentie  P L Toutain 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(12):1993-2000

Absorption rate and plasma and fat disposition of lindane after various lindane percutaneous treatments in shorn and unshorn sheep were investigated. To analyze data with a deconvolution method, IV administration was performed to determine the basic pharmacokinetic values of lindane in sheep. After IV administration, the steady state volume of distribution was very high (8.07 +/- 3.60 L/kg of body weight), and the mean residence time was long (28.1 +/- 11.7 hours). Deconvolution analysis indicated that lindane absorption was continuous until 33 to 41 days after spraying with a 0.025% lindane solution. Total amount of absorbed lindane in shorn (15,171 +/- 4,463 micrograms/kg) sheep was about twice that in unshorn (7,615 +/- 3,128 micrograms/kg) sheep; from deconvolution analysis, it was calculated that the time required for 50% of the available dose to be absorbed was between 115 and 179 hours. After percutaneous lindane administration, the fat concentration was compared with the available lindane dose. The apparent half-life of lindane elimination in fat was 225 +/- 47.4 hours, which is similar to the value calculated for the absorption rate constant. By comparing fat and plasma concentrations, it was calculated that for a mean plasma concentration of 5 ng/ml, the fat lindane concentration was 1.65 +/- 0.87 micrograms/g (ie, lower than the generally accepted tolerance level of 2 micrograms/g).  相似文献   

Detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus using a heterologous antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

F A Osorio  G A Anderson  J Sanders  D Grotelueschen 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1989,1(3):210-214

Based on the marked antigenic similarities that exist between antigens of the human and bovine strains of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) designed to detect human RSV was used to detect bovine RSV. The commercial test kit (RSV EIA) consists of a solid phase (beads) coated with a capture antiserum prepared against the Long strain of human RSV. The RSV EIA test was compared with the method of inoculation of cell cultures and fluorescent antibody (FA) staining of lung tissue for the detection of bovine RSV. Using a cell culture-propagated stock of strain 375 of bovine RSV, the threshold of sensitivity of the EIA test for the cattle strain of RSV was determined to be less than or equal to 10(2.3) CCID50/ml. In addition, RSV EIA detected the bovine RSV in nasal samples obtained from 3 experimentally inoculated cattle. The RSV EIA exhibited a sensitivity of greater than or equal to 80% during the period that shedding of infectious virus took place. All of the bovine RSV FA-positive lung samples (n = 37) were positive by the RSV EIA. Twenty-six of the remaining 214 bovine RSV FA-negative lung samples were positive by the RSV EIA. The RSV EIA was also used to test 137 nasal swabs obtained from cases of bovine respiratory disease. Of these, 38 tested positive by RSV EIA. All samples that tested positive by EIA were confirmed by blocking assays using hyperimmune serum anti-bovine RSV and a pool of monoclonal antibodies specific for that virus.  相似文献