Non-detectable levels of trans-fatty acids in peanut butter     

Sanders TH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(5):2349-2351

The fatty acid composition of 11 brands of peanut butter and paste freshly prepared from roasted peanuts was analyzed with emphasis on isomeric trans-fatty acids. No trans-fatty acids were detected in any of the samples in an analytical system with a detection threshold of 0.01% of the sample weight. Hydrogenated vegetable oils are added to peanut butters at levels of 1--2% to prevent oil separation. Some hydrogenated vegetable oils are known to be sources of trans-fatty acids in the human diet. The addition of these products was not found to result in measurable amounts of trans-fatty acids in the peanut butters analyzed.  相似文献   

Recovery of Pantoea ananatis, causal agent of center rot of onion, from weeds and crops in Georgia, USA     

R. Gitaitis  R. Walcott  S. Culpepper  H. Sanders  L. Zolobowska  D. Langston 《Crop Protection》2002,21(10):983-989

Center rot of onion, caused by Pantoea ananatis, has been a problem of sweet onions in Georgia since 1997. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed to screen for populations of P. ananatis on plant surfaces. Plant samples producing a positive PCR reaction were targeted for further processing to culture the bacterium. In a survey of the Vidalia onion-growing region of Georgia, we detected and cultured P. ananatis from 25 asymptomatic weed species, which included commonly occurring weeds such as crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum), Florida pusley (Richardia scabra), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), Texas Millet (Panicum texanum), tall verbena (Verbena bonariensis) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). In addition, the bacterium was recovered from crop plants such as Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and soybean (Glycine max). Based on the field survey and tests with strains held in storage in the Coastal Plain Experiment Station culture collection, we concluded that P. ananatis was in Georgia prior to 1997, and was distributed widely on weeds and crops throughout southern Georgia.  相似文献   

Water-nutrient-herbicide management of potatoes with trickle irrigation     

C. J. Phene  J. L. Fouss  D. C. Sanders 《American Journal of Potato Research》1979,56(1):51-59

A study was designed to test the effectiveness of nitrogen and herbicide applications through soil moisture-controlled, trickle-irrigation systems, and to test the effectiveness of automatic irrigation via soil moisture control to minimize the water requirement and N-losses for high-frequency, trickle-irrigation systems. Results indicated that single or multiple applications of herbicide at recommended rates can be used effectively with trickle irrigation to control weeds in the potato row where cultivation is not possible. Nitrogen can be efficiently applied through a trickle system that features automatic soil moisture control through the use of a high-frequency irrigation schedule.  相似文献   

Effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and phosphorus nutrition of barley in natural or methyl bromide‐treated soil     

A. Khaliq  F. E. Sanders 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):2163-2177

The growth and phosphorus (P) nutrition of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a soil, methyl bromide fumigated or untreated and supplied with or without mycorrhizal inoculum, was studied in pots placed under a field environment. Inoculation significantly raised the overall levels of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection. The relative increase was significantly greater in sterile than nonsterile soil. Soil sterilization produced significantly higher dry matter throughout the experiment. Inoculation resulted in a significant growth depression earlier in the season which could not be offset by the following mycorrhizal enhancement in P absorption rates. The primary reasons for this yield depression were most probably the root density and available P status of the soil which might have been over the threshold limit for positive mycorrhizal yield response in barley. In this experiment, the result of inoculation could be regarded beneficial considering 17 and 30% higher P concentrations in grain and straw, respectively, but detrimental with respect to 20% loss in grain plus straw yield.  相似文献   

Mineral nutrient concentration and uptake by tomato irrigated with recirculating aquaculture water as influenced by quantity of fish waste products supplied     

M. R. McMurtry  D. C. Sanders  P. V. Nelson  A. Nash 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):407-419

Fish and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production were linked in a recirculaing water system. Fish (tilapia) were fed a commercial diet with 32% protein. Tomato cultivars ‘Laura’ and ‘Kewalo’ were grown during summer 1988 and spring 1989, respectively, in a Raleigh, NC greenhouse. Plants were grown in biofilters at 4 plants/m² and surface irrigated 8 times daily with water pumped from an associated fish tank. Four tank‐to‐biofllter ratios were established by varying the filter size. Each system received identical nutrient inputs and an equal quantity of water was applied per plant. Biofilter drainage returned to the tanks. Biological filtration, aeration, and mineral assimilation by plants maintained water quality within limits for tilapia. All nutrients were assimilated above deficiency levels. Tissue concentrations of N, P, K and Mg were not limiting. Calcium was low and S high when their sole nutrient source was fish waste. Micronutrients were assimilated in excess of sufficiency, but toxicity was not seen. Irrespective of fruit yield, metabolic products of each kilogram increase in fish biomass provided sufficient nutrient for two tomato plants for a period of three months. Under reduced growth rates of mature fish, K became limiting. Alterations in fish feed mineral nutrient content are suggested which better meet plant requirements and still remain within the range of fish needs.  相似文献   

Efficacy of two commercially available cardiac pacing catheters for transesophageal atrial pacing in dogs     

Emily H. Chapel  Robert A. Sanders 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2012,14(3):409-414

ObjectiveCompare the efficacy of two cardiac pacing catheters for transesophageal atrial pacing (TAP).AnimalsTen healthy dogs.MethodsTransesophageal atrial pacing was attempted in left lateral recumbency under general anesthesia. In series, a curved electrophysiologic (EP) catheter and a straight transesophageal pacing (TP) catheter were passed transorally into the distal esophagus, caudal to the heart. Each catheter was slowly withdrawn until pacing was initiated. The catheter continued to be withdrawn in 5 mm increments until capture was no longer achieved at maximal pacing setting creating a total zone of capture (tZOC). Minimum pacing threshold (Th_min) and degree of extraneous muscle stimulation (EMS) were determined at each site.ResultsThe EP catheter achieved TAP in 10/10 dogs with a Th_min of 8.8 ± 4.8 mA and tZOC of 4.0 ± 1.7 cm. The TP catheter achieved TAP in 7/10 dogs with a Th_min of 22.5 ± 5.6 mA and tZOC of 1.2 ± 1.6 cm. No EMS was noted during TAP at Th_min using the EP catheter. Of the 7 dogs in which TAP was successful, 3/7 experienced considerable EMS at Th_min. There was no significant relationship between patient body weight and Th_min with either catheter (EP catheter P = 0.09; TP catheter P = 0.81).ConclusionsThe electrophysiology catheter captured the atria of more dogs over a larger area without EMS as compared to the TP catheter. The electrophysiology catheter is recommended for transesophageal atrial pacing in dogs.  相似文献   

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for chickens exposed to feed supplemented with monensin during their lifetime          下载免费PDF全文

J. Henri  R. Carrez  B. Méda  M. Laurentie  P. Sanders 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2017,40(4):370-382

We developed a flow‐limited physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for residues of monensin in chickens and evaluated its predictive ability by comparing it with an external data set describing concentration decays after the end of treatment. One advantage of this model is that the values for most parameters (34 of 38) were taken directly from the literature or from field data (for growth and feed intake). Our model included growth (changes in body weight) to describe exposure throughout the life of the chicken. We carried out a local sensitivity analysis to evaluate the relative importance of model parameters on model outputs and revealed the predominant influence of 19 parameters (including three estimated ones): seven pharmacokinetic parameters, five physiological parameters and seven animal performance parameters. Our model estimated the relative bioavailability of monensin as feed additive at 3.9%, which is even lower than the absolute bioavailability in solution (29.91%). Our model can be used for extrapolations of farming conditions, such as monensin supplementation or building lighting programme (which may have a significant impact for short half‐life molecules such as monensin). This validated PBPK model may also be useful for interspecies extrapolations or withdrawal period calculations for modified dosage regimens.  相似文献   

Research Gaps in Wilderness Medicine     

Daniel Tritz  Kody Dormire  Travis Brachtenbach  Joshua Gordon  Donald Sanders  David Gearheart  Julia Crawford  Matt Vassar 《The Forestry Chronicle》2018,29(3):291-303

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The efficacy of systemically administered anti-arthritic drugs in an induced equine carpitis model     

Gary W. White DVM  E. Wynn Jones FRCVS  PhD  Trent Stites DVM  Jack Hamm PhD  Robert Walls PhD  Terry Sanders 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1996,16(4):139-145

The efficacy of two systemically administered drugs for the treatment of equine joint injuries was assessed in a randomized blinded trial using the chemically induced equine carpitis model previously used to determine the dose and efficacy of both products. After a 10-day acclimation period, carpitis was induced by intracarpal injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in twenty mature horses free of clinical and radiographic evidence of synovitis or DJD. Five days after model induction, the horses were stratified based on lameness evaluation and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 10 horses each.Parameters evaluated included lameness score, maximum range of carpal flexion, carpal circumference, stride length, and synovial fluid protein. These parameters were measured prior to model induction, 5 days after model induction (immediately prior to initial treatment) and once weekly for 6 weeks. Radiographs of the carpus were taken prior to model induction and 6 weeks. after treatment began. Treatment began 5 days after model induction. One group of 10 horses received 40 mg sodium hyaluronate by intravenous injection weekly for 3 weeks and the other group of 10 horses received intramuscular injections of 500 mg PSGAG every 4 days for 7 treatments.Both treatment groups showed significant improvement from pretreatment baseline values (based upon percent recovery to normal pre-model induction values) for lameness score, stride length and maximum carpal flexion (p<0.05) at each post treatment evaluation. The PSGAG treated group had significant improvement in synovial fluid protein at post treatment weeks 2 and 3. The improvement (percent recovery) in the PSGAG treated group was significantly (p<0.05) better than that of the intravenous sodium hyaluronate treated group for stride and flexion at post treatment weeks 1 through 6, for lameness score at post treatment weeks 1 through 3 and for carpal circumference at post treatment week 4.Both intravenous sodium hyaluronate and intramuscular PSGAG induced significant improvement in clinical lameness parameters; intramuscular PSGAG yielded consistently better results in this experimental model.  相似文献   

How commercial fishing effort is managed     

Christopher M. Anderson  Melissa J. Krigbaum  Martin C. Arostegui  Megan L. Feddern  John Zachary Koehn  Peter T. Kuriyama  Christina Morrisett  Caitlin I. Allen Akselrud  Melanie J. Davis  Courtney Fiamengo  Ava Fuller  Qi Lee  Katherine N. McElroy  Maite Pons  Jessica Sanders 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(2):268-285

Wild capture fisheries produce 90 million tonnes of food each year and have the potential to provide sustainable livelihoods for nearly 40 million people around the world ( http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf ). After decades of overfishing since industrialization, many global fish stocks have recovered, a change brought about through effective management. We provide a synthetic overview of three approaches that managers use to sustain stocks: regulating catch and fishing mortality, regulating effort and regulating spatial access. Within each of these approaches, we describe common restrictions, how they alter incentives to change fishing behaviour, and the resultant ecological, economic and community‐level outcomes. For each approach, we present prominent case‐studies that illustrate behaviour and the corresponding performance. These case‐studies show that sustaining target stocks requires a hard limit on fishing mortality under most conditions, but that additional measures are required to generate economic benefits. Different systems for allocation allow stakeholder communities to strike a locally acceptable balance between profitability and employment.  相似文献