Evidence-Based Medicine and Stem Cell Therapy: How Do We Know Such Technologies are Safe and Efficacious?     

Peter D. Clegg MA  Vet MB  PhD  Gina L. Pinchbeck BVSc  PhD 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2011,27(2):373-382

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Haemangiosarcoma in the horse: three cases     

MB COLLINS  DR HODGSON  DR HUTCHINS  FF McCONAGHY 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(9):296-298

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Anaesthesia with ketamine/medetomidine in the rabbit: influence of route of administration and the effect of combination with butorphanol     

P Hedenqvist DVM    HE Orr† BVMS  Cert LAS    JV Roughan† BSc  PhD    LM Antunes† MSc DVM  & PA Flecknell† M.A Vet MB  PhD  DLAS  Dip ECVA  MRCVS 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(1):14-19

Objective To compare the characteristics of anaesthesia induced with ketamine/medetomidine administered by the subcutaneous and intramuscular routes and to assess the effects of the addition of butorphanol to this combination. Study design Prospective randomised study. Animals Six female New Zealand White rabbits. Methods Rabbits were given one of four combinations of ketamine and medetomidine (K/M) either subcutaneously (SC) or intramuscularly (IM) on four successive occasions with a 7‐day interval between treatments. The dose combinations were; 15/0.25 mg kg^?1 SC; 15/0.25 mg kg^?1 IM; 15/0.5 mg kg^?1 SC, and 15/0.25 mg kg^?1 together with 0.4 mg kg^?1 butorphanol (K/M/B) SC. The effects of anaesthesia on arterial blood gas values and cardiovascular variables were recorded at predetermined time points. Toe and ear pinch reflexes were judged to determine the duration of surgical anaesthesia. Loss of the righting reflex was used to measure the duration of sleep time. Analyses used repeated measures analysis of variance. Results All groups lost the righting reflex and ear pinch response. Three animals in the groups that received K/M alone lost their toe pinch reflex, whereas four lost this reflex when given K/M/B. Time of onset of loss of the righting, toe and ear pinch reflexes did not differ significantly among the groups. The higher dose combination of medetomidine with ketamine and the combination of K/M/B produced a greater duration of loss of the ear pinch response than the lower dose of K/M administered by either route. No significant differences were found among the groups in the duration of loss of the toe pinch reflex. All animals developed a moderate bradycardia (mean heart rate <166 beats minute^?1) and moderate hypoxaemia (mean P_aO₂ < 6.0 kPa). Animals given butorphanol showed the greatest reduction in respiratory rate (31 ± 13 breaths minute^?1, p < 0.05) but this was not reflected in any significant differences in arterial PCO₂, PO₂ or pH among the groups. Conclusions Administration of K/M by the SC route produced equivalent effects in comparison to intramuscular administration. The addition of butorphanol increased the duration of anaesthesia, but produced a slight increase in the degree of respiratory depression. All dose rates resulted in hypoxaemia so oxygen should be administered when these combinations are used in rabbits. Clinical relevance Subcutaneous administration is both technically simpler and may cause less discomfort to the animal than IM injection, and so is preferred. The combination of K/M with butorphanol has relatively minor effects on the depth and duration of anaesthesia, so offers little advantage to the use of K/M alone.  相似文献   

Genetic parameters for birthweight environmental variability in mice     

A. Pun  I. Cervantes  B. Nieto  C. Salgado  M.A. Pérez‐Cabal  N. Ibáñez‐Escriche  J.P. Gutiérrez 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2013,130(5):404-414

Data from a divergent experiment for birthweight (BrW) environmental variability were used to estimate genetic parameters for BrW trait and its environmental variability by fitting both homoscedastic (HO) and heteroscedastic (HE) models. A total of 5 475 records of BrW from animals born from inbred dams, and 7 140 pedigree records were used. The heritability of BrW using the model HO was 0.27, with the litter effect much more important, 0.43. The model HE provided a genetic correlation between the trait and its environmental variability that was very high and negative, ?0.97, and a high value for the additive genetic variance for environmental variability, suggesting an artefact in the model. The residual skewness was found to be essentially null. A model considering the genetic correlation null was also fitted, and used to obtain the breeding values for the selection process. Moreover, the trait was considered as maternal resulting in similar estimates under the model HO, but more reasonable for the genetic correlation between the trait and its environmental variability of 0.48 with a value of 0.25 for the additive genetic variance regarding environmental variability under the model HE. This led to the conclusion that environmental variability of BrW in mice must be selected via dams. Estimated parameters in a reduced dataset without inbred animals did not substantially change this conclusion.  相似文献   

Establishment of feline intestinal epithelial cell cultures for the propagation and study of feline enteric coronaviruses     

Lowiese MB Desmarets  Sebastiaan Theuns  Dominique AJ Olyslaegers  Annelike Dedeurwaerder  Ben L Vermeulen  Inge DM Roukaerts  Hans J Nauwynck 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):71

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Computed tomographic anatomy of the nasal cavity,paranasal sinuses and tympanic cavity of the koala     

S Hemsley  H Palmer  RB Canfield  MEB Stewart  MB Krockenberger  R Malik 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(9):353-365

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Pesticidal seed coats based on azadirachtin‐A: release kinetics,storage life and performance     

Keyath Nisar  Jitendra Kumar  MB Arun Kumar  Suresh Walia  Najam A Shakil  Rajender Parsad  Balraj S Parmar 《Pest management science》2009,65(2):175-182

BACKGROUND: Infestation of seeds by pests during storage leads to deterioration in quality. Seed coating is an effective option to overcome the menace. Unlike synthetic fungicidal seed coats, little is known of those based on botanicals. This study aims at developing azadirachtin‐A‐based pesticidal seed coats to maintain seed quality during storage. RESULTS: Polymer‐ and clay‐based coats containing azadirachtin‐A were prepared and evaluated for quality maintenance of soybean seed during storage. Gum acacia, gum tragacanth, rosin, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyethyl methacrylate, methyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and Agrimer VA 6 polymers and the clay bentonite were used as carriers. The time for 50% release (t_1/2) of azadirachtin‐A into water from the seeds coated with the different coats ranged from 8.02 to 21.36 h. The half‐life (T_1/2) of azadirachtin‐A in the coats on seed ranged from 4.37 to 11.22 months, as compared with 3.45 months in azadirachtin‐A WP, showing an increase by a factor of nearly 1.3–3.3 over the latter. The coats apparently acted as a barrier to moisture to reduce azadirachtin‐A degradation and prevented proliferation of storage fungi. Polyethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were significantly superior to the other polymers. Azadirachtin‐A showed a significant positive correlation with seed germination and vigour, and negative correlation with moisture content. CONCLUSION: Effective polymeric carriers for seed coats based on azadirachtin‐A are reported. These checked seed deterioration during storage by acting as a barrier to moisture and reduced the degradation of azadirachtin‐A. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Present status of Citrus tristeza virus infecting Citrus spp. in Darjeeling hills and its detection in different plant parts     

Amalendu Ghosh  Amrita Das  K. B. Pun  R. Kumar  Ramu Meena  V. K. Baranwal 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(3):381-386

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Serum testosterone,sperm quality,cytological, physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of the prostatic fraction of dogs with prostatomegaly          下载免费PDF全文

A Aquino‐Cortez  BQ Pinheiro  HVR Silva  DBC Lima  TFP Silva  MB Souza  DA Viana  FAF Xavier Júnior  JSAM Evangelista  FZ Brandão  LDM Silva 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(6):998-1003

Prostatomegaly is a common finding in older non‐neutered dogs. This study compared the serum testosterone, sperm quality and characteristics of the prostatic fraction between healthy dogs and dogs with prostatomegaly. Blood samples of ten dogs (five dogs from each group) were taken for serum testosterone measurement. Sperm motility, vigour, concentration, viability, membrane functionality and morphology were analysed in sperm‐rich fraction. Osmolality, pH, cell types, and albumin, haemoglobin, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and chloride were analysed in prostatic fraction. Dogs with prostatomegaly have the lowest sperm motility, vigour, concentration and functional membrane. Dogs with prostatomegaly have the highest glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose was the only constituent positively correlated with serum testosterone and prostate volume. It can be concluded that dogs with prostatomegaly have poorer sperm quality, and glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in prostatic fraction can be used as prostatomegaly biomarkers.  相似文献   

Effect of Ischemia and Reperfusion on Neutrophil Accumulation in Equine Microvascular Tissue Flaps   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W. Michael Scott  DVM  MVSc  Diplomate ACVS    J. David Fowler  DVM  MVSc  Diplomate ACVS    Gilbert Matte  PhD    rew L. Allen  DVM  MVSc  PhD    A. A. Wilkinson  MA  MB  BChir  MSc  FRCPC    Jeremy V. Bailey  BVSc  MVSc  Diplomate ACVS  Peter B. Fretz  VMD  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1999,28(3):180-187

Objective— To investigate neutrophil accumulation after ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in microvascular tissue flaps in horses.
Study Design— Randomized controlled experiment.
Sample Population— A total of 8 horses between 1 and 10 years of age, 4 of each sex.
Methods— Control and experimental myocutaneous island flaps based on the superficial branch of the deep circumflex iliac vessels were dissected on each horse. Atraumatic vascular clamps were applied to the pedicle of the experimental flap for 90 minutes and then removed to allow reperfusion. Based on the assumption that rapid infiltration of neutrophils into affected tissues is a hallmark of IR injury, radiolabeled autogenous leukocytes were used to indirectly quantify neutrophil accumulation in flap tissues. Labeled leukocytes were administered through a jugular catheter 30 minutes before flap reperfusion. Biopsies were collected from each flap over a 6 hour postischemia time period; in group 1 (  n = 4  ) from 0 to 6 hours postischemia, and in group 2 (  n = 4  ) from 24 to 30 hours postischemia. Biopsies were examined scintigraphically and histologically for evidence of neutrophil infiltration.
Results— All control flaps survived and 6 of 8 experimental flaps survived. There was no significant evidence of acute neutrophil infiltration into flap tissues after reperfusion in either group.
Conclusions— The results of this study suggest that equine myocutaneous flap tissues can survive a 90-minute ischemic period and reperfusion. No significant evidence of the occurrence of IR injury in flap tissues was found.
Clinical Relevance— The reasons for the previously reported failures of equine free tissue transfer remain uncertain, but they do not appear to be caused by neutrophil mediated injury associated with ischemia and reperfusion.  相似文献