丁酸钠对犊牛胃肠道发育的研究进展     

俞文靓  王超  王敏  赵圣国  林波 《中国畜牧兽医》2019,46(8):2354-2359

丁酸钠是一种绿色新型饲料添加剂，目前在动物饲料中应用广泛，且效果良好。作者主要介绍了丁酸钠的生物学功能、对犊牛胃肠道发育的影响及其在犊牛日粮中的应用效果。重点总结了丁酸钠促进犊牛胃肠道发育的影响机制，包括作为胃肠道组织的能量来源调控激素和生长因子的分泌，提高消化和吸收相关酶的分泌及活性，提高肠道免疫细胞保护性蛋白的分泌等。现有研究表明，日粮干物质中添加0.3%丁酸钠就能达到促进犊牛生长和胃肠道发育的效果，但具体添加水平、添加阶段和方式等尚不明确。此外，日粮粗饲料水平、精料发酵所产生的内源丁酸对外源丁酸钠的作用效果是否有影响也鲜有报道，有待进一步开展研究。  相似文献   

High-throughput screening reveals small molecule modulators inhibitory to Acidovorax citrulli     

Yu Lu  Loïc Deblais  Gireesh Rajashekara  Sally A. Miller  Yorsa A. Helmy  Haijun Zhang  Ping Wu  Yanhong Qiu  Xiulan Xu 《Plant pathology》2020,69(5):818-826

Acidovorax citrulli is a seed-transmitted gram-negative bacterium that can cause substantial economic yield loss in watermelon and melon production worldwide. Four small-molecule libraries containing 4,952 compounds were selected for high-throughput screening against A. citrulli wild-type strain Xu3-14 by evaluation of growth inhibition. One hundred and twenty-seven molecules (2.5% hit rate) were identified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic against A. citrulli at 100 μM. Secondary screens indicated that 27 candidate compounds were more effective against A. citrulli Group II strains than Group I strains (classified using repetitive element PCR). Several compounds were inhibitory to other pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but did not affect the growth of plant beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. More than half of the compounds did not inhibit germination of Arabidopsis or watermelon seeds. The effect of small molecules on A. citrulli seed-to-seedling transmission was evaluated by applying each compound to inoculated watermelon seeds and assessing seedling infection. Nine compounds were chosen for further investigation based on their reduction of percentage seedling infection and compiling scores on their specificity, sensitivity, and phytotoxicity obtained in the secondary screens. The five best compounds were selected (thiamphenicol, nadifloxacin, pipemidic acid, ciclopirox, and zinc pyrithione) for greenhouse tests and were found to effectively reduce the seed-to-seedling transmission of A. citrulli in both artificially and naturally infested seeds. These top five compounds provide a basis for future development of an A. citrulli-specific bactericide.  相似文献   

贵州省农机专业合作社现状及发展建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张韵  任小兵  许敏 《农机化研究》2015,(8):254-260

近年来,随着《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》的颁布和农机购置补贴力度的不断加大,贵州省农机专业合作社得到了较快发展。现有的农机专业合作社较好地解决了农机规模化作业与小农户分散经营的矛盾,有利于资源的合理配置和减轻农户劳动强度,解放了大量的农村劳动力,有效地增加了农民的收入。为此,通过对贵州省农机专业合作社的基本情况、发展特点、在农业生产中所发挥的作用及存在的问题等方面进行了较为广泛与深入的阐述,提出贵州省农机专业合作社建设中的若干建议,供相关部门参考。  相似文献   

Effect of L-lysine Added in Diluent on the Fresh Semen Quality of Dorper Sheep     

MAO Ran  LI Qing-quan  SHI Yan  LAN Xiang-li  WANG Min  ZONG Ze-jun  XIA Guo-zhong  HAN Tian-long 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(12):3308-3314

In order to explore the effect of different L-lysine levels added in semen dilution on the fresh Dorper sheep quality stored at liquid state,3 health Dorper ram were used to collect semen which were equal-packaged and added to solution containing different levels (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 g) L-lysine in 120 mL diluent and at 0,6,24,30,48,54,72 and 78 h,the sperm motility,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were detected.The results showed that the sperm motility in groups added 0,0.1 and 0.2 g L-lysine were higher than other groups,and that in 0.4 and 0.5 g L-lysine groups decreased faster than other groups;The sperm motility in 0.5 g L-lysine group reduced to 0 at 30 h,and it reduced to 0 at 48 h in the group added 0.4 g L-lysine;The effective survival time and survival index in the group added 0.1 g L-lysine was higher than other groups (P< 0.05);The membrane integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest,that had no significant difference with control group from 0 to 54 h (P >0.05),while after 72 h the two groups had significant differences (P< 0.05).The membrane integrity in 0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,and that was significant different with other groups (P< 0.05);The acrosome integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest which had no significant difference with control group (P >0.05),0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,the difference between them was not significant (P >0.05),while was extremely significant difference with other groups except for 0 and 6 h (P< 0.01).The results suggested that dilution added a high concentration of L-lysine could inhibit sperm quality,when the count of L-lysine was more than 0.2 g,sperm quality was significantly decreased,adding 0.1 g L-lysine could improve Dorper sheep fresh sperm quality stored at liquid state.  相似文献   

Research Progress of Effect of Oxidative Stress on Broiler and its Mitigation Technology     

LI Jie  XU Bin  LU Min  SUN Quan-you  WEI Feng-xian  LI Shao-yu 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(2):507-512

Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in livestock and poultry production.When the body is in the situation of harmful stimulation in vitro or in vivo,the oxidation system and antioxidant system are in a state of imbalance,leading to metabolic disorders,which depresses the growth and development of animals,decreases disease resistance and quality of livestock products seriously,and has a negative impact on the production and health of livestock and poultry.So it is important to find an effective measure to alleviate the health of livestock and poultry.Lipoic acid,tea polyphenol,VE and other antioxidants play significant roles in reducing oxidative stress.In this paper,the effects of oxidative stress on broiler and mitigation technology research were outlined.  相似文献   

棉铃发育过程中不同组织IAA含量变化特点     

王敏  张丹丹  马一泓  祝水金  陈进红 《分子植物育种》2020,(4):1307-1312

为了解IAA与棉纤维品质形成间的关系及棉铃各部位IAA积累转运特点,本研究分析了棉铃各部分在发育过程中IAA含量的变化特点。通过选择陆地棉标准系TM-1、长纤维种质‘母35’和短纤维种质‘208’3个纤维长度差异较大的陆地棉材料,利用酶联免疫法对浙江杭州、海南三亚两地田间试验的各材料不同发育阶段的棉仁、棉籽壳、棉纤维、棉铃壳进行了IAA含量的测定。结果表明,不同参试材料的棉仁IAA含量存在明显差异,棉籽壳、棉纤维与棉铃壳的IAA含量峰值出现时间晚于棉仁,棉铃各个组织IAA含量具有随棉铃组织从内向外逐渐降低的趋势。研究表明,IAA可能是棉纤维发育的正效应因子,且棉铃发育过程中IAA可能呈初期在棉仁富集、随发育进程沿棉铃组织由内向外运输的规律。  相似文献   

旋转脱膜式残膜回收机的设计与试验     

郑士琦  曹肆林  王敏 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,48(10):146-154

【目的】针对弹齿式残膜回收机残膜回收作业后自动脱膜困难的问题,设计一种旋转脱膜式残膜回收机具。【方法】采用田间试验确定了搂膜弹齿的最佳入土角范围、曲率半径和排布方式,通过理论研究设计残膜回收机的脱膜机构,用正交试验方法对残膜回收率的影响因素进行优化,以残膜回收率最高为优化目标确定最优参数组合,并对修正后的最优参数组合进行试验验证。【结果】综合田间试验数据,得出搂膜弹齿最佳入土角为18°～35°,主弹齿直径10 mm,副弹齿直径5 mm,3排搂膜弹齿交错排布;正交优化试验表明,各因素对残膜回收率影响的表现为作业深度作业速度搂膜弹齿曲率半径,当作业速度为7 km/h、主搂膜弹齿曲率半径190 mm、副搂膜弹齿曲率半径160 mm、作业深度50 mm时,对应的残膜回收率最高;验证试验表明,在该参数组合条件下残膜回收率为84.86%,与预测的残膜回收率(85.56%)十分接近。【结论】设计的旋转脱膜式残膜回收机收膜效果好、脱膜率高、制造成本低、调整使用便捷。  相似文献   

江苏省水稻主产区水稻种植面积时空动态变化分析     

孙玲  王晶晶  邱琳  单捷  黄晓军  王志明 《中国农业信息》2020,32(2):45-55

【目的】揭示江苏省水稻种植时空格局及动态变化特征，评价其稳定生产水平和种 植结构的空间变化规律，为江苏省水稻生产空间布局的优化调整和可持续发展提供决策依 据。【方法】文章选择江苏省水稻主产区50 个1∶50 000 比例尺标准地形图图幅单元为研究 区域，基于江苏省5 m 空间分辨率耕地遥感数据库，利用2011—2019 年水稻生长期内多源 遥感卫星影像，提取研究区当年的水稻种植面积及空间分布信息。运用数理统计和GIS 空间 分析功能，研究水稻面积变化幅度、变异系数以及转非水稻面积的时空分布特征，继而分析 2011—2019 年水稻种植面积的时空动态变化。【结果】研究区内50% 的地区水稻种植面积 仍然保持相对稳定，42% 的地区水稻种植面积缓慢下降，仅8% 的地区水稻种植面积急剧下 降。2011 年以来，累计有11.6 万hm2 水稻田逐年转为非耕地或持续种植其他作物，占2011 年研究区内水稻种植面积的13.7%。【结论】2011—2019 年研究区内水稻种植面积变化趋势 线斜率为-0.88，总体呈下降趋势，水稻面积平均变化率为-1.03%，变异系数为2.99%。  相似文献   

氮肥施用对直播冬油菜产量及氮肥利用率的影响     

李敏  韩上  武际  王慧  唐杉  程文龙  石祖梁 《农业环境科学学报》2020,37(1):51-58

为探明安徽省直播冬油菜种植中适宜的氮肥用量、氮肥种类和施氮方式，通过田间小区试验，研究尿素不同用量及等氮量尿素和控释尿素不同施用方式对直播冬油菜产量、氮肥累积量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明：施氮水平和施氮方式对直播冬油菜产量具有显著影响，成株率与产量之间呈显著正相关，施氮量180 kg N·hm^-2条件下，尿素分次施用处理（N180）和控释尿素一次性施用处理（CRU180）在生育中后期能有效提高直播冬油菜密度。施氮量240 kg N·hm^-2、尿素分次施用处理（N240）角壳和茎秆氮素累积量分配比例增加，籽粒分配比例减少，氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生理效率和氮肥偏生产力显著降低，籽粒产量不增反降，较CRU180和N180分别降低2.87%和9.67%。各施氮处理中，N180处理产量最高，较其他施氮处理显著增产7.53%~82.15%。施氮量180 kg N·hm^-2条件下，相比尿素一次性施用处理（U180），CRU180和N180显著增产8.53%和16.69%，籽粒氮素累积量显著增加8.80%和16.02%，氮肥表观利用率显著增加11.68%和14.30%，氮素农学效率显著增加12.53%和24.46%，氮素生理效率增加0.74%和9.13%，氮肥偏生产力显著增加8.59%和16.76%。综合本试验直播冬油菜产量、氮素累积量和氮肥利用率结果来看，合理的氮肥用量和氮肥品种可以有效增加直播冬油菜的成株率和氮素累积量，进而增加产量、提高氮肥利用率。安徽省直播冬油菜施氮量180 kg N·hm^-2，尿素分次施用和控释尿素一次性施用，均能达到产量和氮肥利用率的双向提升。考虑到直播冬油菜轻简化发展大趋势，建议采用控释尿素一次性基施。  相似文献   

宛氏拟青霉提取物对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗的生理适应性     

王晓琪  姚媛媛  刘之广  陈宝成  张民  马金昭  王庆彬 《农业环境科学学报》2020,37(1):98-105

为探讨沙棘内生菌提取物作为生物刺激素对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生长的影响，于沙棘内生菌宛氏拟青霉（Paecilomyces variotii）中提取了生物刺激素PVE（Paecilomyces variotii extracts），并经液相色谱对PVE的活性物质进行了富集纯化。通过水稻液培试验，设无盐（CK）、添加NaCl（NS）、添加PVE和NaCl（PN1）、添加PVE纯化物和NaCl（PN2）4个处理，研究生物刺激素对水稻的耐盐效应。结果表明，施用生物刺激素能够缓解盐胁迫对水稻生长造成的严重抑制。PN1、PN2处理较NS处理提高了叶片与根系的干质量，减少了植株体内的水分流失，增加了根系的直径和吸收面积，但根长相较于CK处理无显著差异；PN2处理叶片鲜质量、叶片含水量、根系含水量较PN1处理分别增加了12.44%、1.13%和0.42%。与NS处理相比，PN1和PN2处理叶片光合速率分别提高了34.08%和40.82%，蒸腾速率分别提高了23.90%和18.86%，PN1和PN2处理还显著提高了叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性，使丙二醛（MDA）含量分别降低了28.36%和20.97%。PN2处理叶片和根系中的Na⁺含量较NS处理分别降低了36.31%和10.85%，从而降低了Na⁺/K⁺，保证了植株体内的离子平衡。研究表明，PVE及PVE纯化物在极低的浓度下具有较高的生理活性，并通过减少水分流失、促进根系生长、提高光合速率来减轻氧化损伤，同时以降低Na⁺流入的方式缓解盐胁迫对水稻幼苗的影响。  相似文献