Feeding and watering behavior of healthy and morbid steers in a commercial feedlot     

Sowell BF  Branine ME  Bowman JG  Hubbert ME  Sherwood HE  Quimby W 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(5):1105-1112

Our objective was to determine whether there were differences in feeding and watering behavior of newly received healthy and morbid feedlot steers. Two separate 32-d feeding trials were conducted in Wellton, Arizona, in July and November 1996. Radio frequency technology was used to record individual animal behaviors from 108 (average weight 139 kg) and 143 (average weight 160 kg) steers in each respective trial. Steers that were subsequently identified as morbid were present at the feed bunk in greater percentages than reported in previous studies. In Trial 1, healthy steers spent more (P < .001) time at the feed bunk and had more (P < .009) feeding bouts than morbid steers. In Trial 2, healthy steers did not spend more time at the feed bunk, but they had more (P < .02) daily feeding bouts than morbid steers. There were no differences in daily time spent at the water trough by healthy or morbid steers in either trial. The greatest proportion of feeding and watering behavior occurred during the daylight hours in response to feed delivery. The pattern of time spent at the feed bunk throughout the 32-d feeding period was similar for healthy and subsequently morbid steers, but healthy steers had more feeding bouts per day.  相似文献   

Biological control of weeds: research by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service: selected case studies     

Quimby PC  DeLoach CJ  Wineriter SA  Goolsby JA  Sobhian R  Boyette CD  Abbas HK 《Pest management science》2003,59(6-7):671-680

Research by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) on biological control of weeds has been practiced for many years because of its inherent ecological and economic advantages. Today, it is further driven by ARS adherence to Presidential Executive Order 13112 (3 February 1999) on invasive species and to USDA-ARS policy toward developing technology in support of sustainable agriculture with reduced dependence on non-renewable petrochemical resources. This paper reports examples or case studies selected to demonstrate the traditional or classical approach for biological control programs using Old World arthropods against Tamarix spp, Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav) ST Blake and Galium spurium L/G aparine L, and the augmentative approach with a native plant pathogen against Pueraria lobata Ohwi = P montana. The examples illustrated various conflicts of interest with endangered species and ecological complexities of arthropods with associated microbes such as nematodes.  相似文献   

Molecular epidemiologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of various ribotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from humans and ruminants     

Rivas AL  Bodis M  Bruce JL  Anderson KL  Klein RF  González RN  Quimby FW  Batt CA  Lein DH 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(6):864-870

OBJECTIVES: To assess automated ribotyping for characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and to identify their type prevalence and geographic distribution. SAMPLE POPULATION: 39 human and 56 ruminant P aeruginosa isolates. PROCEDURES: Isolates were identified by use of bacteriologic techniques and automated Pvull-based ribotyping. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was tested in vitro. Data were analyzed for index of discrimination; prevalence ratio; geographic distribution of ribotypes found only in humans, only in cows, or only in goats (single-host ribotypes); and geographic distribution of ribotypes found in humans and ruminants (multihost ribotypes). RESULTS: All isolates were typeable (45 ribotypes, 35 single-host ribotypes). Ribotyping index of discrimination was 0.976. More isolates (45.3%) than expected yielded multihost ribotypes (22% of all ribotypes). Although 8.6% of single-host ribotypes were found in 4 or more isolates, 60% of multihost ribotypes were found in 4 or more isolates. Ninety percent of multihost ribotypes were isolated from different geographic areas, whereas 3.0% of single-host ribotypes were isolated from different geographic areas. All ruminant isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and polymyxin B. In contrast, antibiogram profiles differed for human isolates from different geographic areas. Susceptibility to antimicrobials differentiated 6 isolates not distinguished by ribotyping. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Automated ribotyping with Pvull discriminated more isolates than in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. In combination, both tests provided more information than either test alone. Given the greater prevalence and geographic distribution of multihost ribotypes, immunocompromised humans and lactating ruminants may have a greater risk for disease if exposed to multihost P aeruginosa ribotypes, compared with single-host ribotypes.  相似文献   

Recombinant single-chain canine interleukin 12 induces interferon gamma mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis     

dos Santos LR  Barrouin-Melo SM  Chang YF  Olsen J  McDonough SP  Quimby F  dos Santos WL  Pontes-de-Carvalho LC  Oliveira GG 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,98(1-2):43-48

Canine visceral leishmaniasis poses important concerns for public health and veterinary medicine in many areas of the world. Resistance to it seems to be associated with cellular specific immune responses of the so-called Th1 type. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is one of the most potent inducers of Th1 type of immune responses to co-administered antigens. Herein, the cloning of canine IL-12, as a single-chain fusion protein (sccaIL-12), and its expression in biologically active form in COS-7 cells is reported. Supernatants from these cells stimulated the expression of comparable amounts of interferon gamma mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from dogs with natural visceral leishmaniasis. In addition, after stimulation with sccaIL-12, there was no difference between interferon gamma mRNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis and from normal healthy control animals.  相似文献   

Total White Cell Counts of Peripheral and Heart Blood of the Rat     

Quimby FH  Saxon PA  Goff LG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,107(2783):447-449

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An extremely luminous panchromatic outburst from the nucleus of a distant galaxy     

Levan AJ  Tanvir NR  Cenko SB  Perley DA  Wiersema K  Bloom JS  Fruchter AS  Postigo Ade U  O'Brien PT  Butler N  van der Horst AJ  Leloudas G  Morgan AN  Misra K  Bower GC  Farihi J  Tunnicliffe RL  Modjaz M  Silverman JM  Hjorth J  Thöne C  Cucchiara A  Cerón JM  Castro-Tirado AJ  Arnold JA  Bremer M  Brodie JP  Carroll T  Cooper MC  Curran PA  Cutri RM  Ehle J  Forbes D  Fynbo J  Gorosabel J  Graham J  Hoffman DI  Guziy S  Jakobsson P  Kamble A  Kerr T  Kasliwal MM  Kouveliotou C  Kocevski D  Law NM  Nugent PE  Ofek EO  Poznanski D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6039):199-202

Variable x-ray and γ-ray emission is characteristic of the most extreme physical processes in the universe. We present multiwavelength observations of a unique γ-ray-selected transient detected by the Swift satellite, accompanied by bright emission across the electromagnetic spectrum, and whose properties are unlike any previously observed source. We pinpoint the event to the center of a small, star-forming galaxy at redshift z = 0.3534. Its high-energy emission has lasted much longer than any γ-ray burst, whereas its peak luminosity was ～100 times higher than bright active galactic nuclei. The association of the outburst with the center of its host galaxy suggests that this phenomenon has its origin in a rare mechanism involving the massive black hole in the nucleus of that galaxy.  相似文献   

Enduring learning deficits and cerebral synaptic malformation from exposure to 10 parts of halothane per million   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

K L Quimby  L J Aschkenase  R E Bowman  J Katz  L W Chang 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,185(151):625-627

Chronic exposure of rats to 10 parts of halothane per million during early life produced later deficits in learning a shock-motivated light-dark discrimination and a food-motivated maze pattern, correlated with enduring synaptic nembrane malformation in cerebral cortex. Adult exposure had no effect. Halothane may provide a useful analytical tool for study of brain. The behavioral-ultrastructural techniques also suggest a standard for assessing the safety of trace toxicants with central nervous system effects.  相似文献   

Identification of subpopulations of bovine mammary-gland phagocytes and evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of morphologic and functional indicators of bovine mastitis   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

A. L. Rivas  R. Tadevosyan  F. W. Quimby  T. Coksaygan    D. H. Lein 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2002,66(3):165-172

The number and function of bovine mammary-gland phagocytes were assessed in 8 lactating cows, each tested at least twice within an 8-mo period (total number of observations, 20). Macrophages and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were evaluated by conventional cytology, flow cytometry, fluorescent microscopy, and somatic-cell count (SCC). Phagocytosis was evaluated from the uptake of fluorescent beads and expressed as median fluorescence intensity (MFI). Two major subpopulations of phagocytes, of low or high MFI (LFI or HFI), were observed, and there were up to 4 sub-subpopulations within the HFI subpopulation of both macrophages and PMN cells. Fluorescent microscopy identified phagocytes containing up to 4 beads per cell. Cows showing ≤ 72.3% phagocytes by cytology were regarded as non-mastitic (11 observations), and those showing ≥ 80.7% phagocytes were considered to be mastitic (8 observations). Phagocyte MFI was negatively associated with mastitis; that is, the higher the MFI, the lower the SCC. The percentage of HFI PMN cells was the only indicator of mastitis with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Thus, bovine mammary-gland phagocytes consist of several subpopulations of different phagocytic ability, whose assessment more adequately predicts bovine mastitis than do morphologic indicators.  相似文献   

Blood and milk cellular immune responses of mastitic non-periparturient cows inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

A. L. Rivas  R. Tadevosyan  F. W. Quimby    D. H. Lein 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2002,66(2):125-131

Lymphocyte function and phenotype of peripheral blood and mammary gland cells were evaluated in non-periparturient cows before and at 1, 4 to 8 and 9 to 14 d after inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus, as expressed by percentage of CD3+, CD2+, and CD45R+ cells, antigen density of these markers per lymphocyte, and mitogen-induced blastogenesis. Milk bacterial counts and somatic cell counts (SCC) were also assessed. Mitogen-induced blastogenic responses were strong in blood and weak in mammary gland cells in all observations and positively correlated with the percent of CD45R+ cells. Significantly greater percentages of milk CD3+ lymphocytes and increased CD3, CD2, and CD45R antigen density per cell were observed after challenge. The blood CD3 and CD2 antigen density per lymphocyte and the milk CD2+ lymphocyte percent were negatively correlated with SCC (P ≤ 0.01). No mastitis (SCC ≤ 500 000 cells/mL) was observed in cows showing blood lymphocyte CD2 and CD3 antigen density indices ≥ 2.5 and 6, respectively. Forty-one percent of SCC values were predicted by the combined blood CD2 and milk CD3 antigen density (P ≤ 0.01). These findings support the hypotheses that mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis is not a valid test to assess mammary gland immunocompetence and that CD2 expression may facilitate immune responses by decreasing the number of T cell receptors required to achieve full activation.  相似文献   

REPEATABILITY AND RELIABILITY OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE DETERMINATION VIA GAMMA CAMERA UPTAKE OF TC‐99M‐DTPA IN CATS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE          下载免费PDF全文

Amy E. Felumlee  Angela J. Marolf  Elissa K. Randall  Annette M. Bachand  Jessica M. Quimby 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(1):90-99

Measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) via gamma camera uptake of 99mTc‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid is a standard method for quantifying renal function. Aims of this retrospective, observer agreement study were to determine intra‐ and interobserver variation in GFR values for cats with chronic kidney disease and to determine whether renal insufficiency classification changed between observers. Guideline cut‐points were established for the difference in repeated GFRs to differentiate changes caused by therapeutic effect vs. inherent variation. Included cats had a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease and had undergone GFR examinations between the years of 2010 and 2013. Twenty‐nine GFR studies were sampled. Each study was read twice, 6 months apart, by two veterinary radiologists and one radiology resident. Modified Bland–Altman plots were used to investigate differences between readings 1 and 2 by observer and between pairs of observers by reading. Reliability of clinical classification was assessed through comparisons between readings and observers. Measurements were not systematically different between readings for the experienced observers but were higher in reading 1 than reading 2 for the inexperienced observer. Measurements were not systematically different between the experienced observers in reading 1 or between any two observers in reading 2. Reliability for GFR measurements was high among experienced observers; variations in GFR measurements rarely led to differences in clinical classification. Results suggested that, for experienced observers, changes in GFR values following treatment in cats with chronic kidney disease between ?0.4 and 0.4 mL/min/kg may be due to inherent variability rather than treatment effect.  相似文献