Studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mirtazapine in healthy young cats     

Quimby JM  Gustafson DL  Samber BJ  Lunn KF 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2011,34(4):388-396

Mirtazapine pharmacokinetics was studied in 10 healthy cats. Blood was collected before, and at intervals up to 72 h after, oral dose of 3.75 mg (high dose: HD) or 1.88 mg (low dose: LD) of mirtazapine. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure mirtazapine, 8-hydroxymirtazapine and glucuronide metabolite concentrations. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic modeling was performed. Median half-life was 15.9 h (HD) and 9.2 h (LD). Using Mann-Whitney analysis, a statistically significant difference between the elimination half-life, clearance, area under the curve (AUC) per dose, and AUC(∞) /dose of the groups was found. Mirtazapine does not appear to display linear pharmacokinetics in cats. There was no significant difference in glucuronidated metabolite concentration between groups. Pharmacodynamics was studied in 14 healthy cats administered placebo, LD and HD mirtazapine orally once in a crossover, blinded trial. In comparison with placebo, cats ingested significantly more food when mirtazapine was administered. No difference in food ingestion was seen between HD and LD, but significantly more behavior changes were seen with the HD. Limited serum sampling during the pharmacodynamic study revealed drug exposure comparable with the pharmacokinetic study, but no correlation between exposure and food consumed. Mirtazapine (LD) was administered daily for 6 days with no drug accumulation detected.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the effects of hospital visit stress on physiologic parameters in the cat     

Quimby JM  Smith ML  Lunn KF 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(10):733-737

Physiologic parameters such as blood pressure, rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate are an important part of the medical assessment of a patient. However, these factors can potentially be affected by stress. The purpose of this study was to compare physiologic parameter data gathered from cats in the home environment with those gathered in a veterinary hospital. Thirty healthy cats were evaluated both at home and at Colorado State University's Veterinary Medical Center. Doppler systolic blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded, and the differences between the values obtained in the home and veterinary clinic environments were evaluated using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. A significant difference was found in blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate between the home and veterinary hospital environments. This information may help practitioners recognize that physiologic abnormalities can sometimes be due to transportation or environmental stress rather than medical illness.  相似文献   

Relationship among Serum Creatinine,Serum Gastrin,Calcium‐phosphorus Product,and Uremic Gastropathy in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease     

S.M. McLeland  K.F. Lunn  C.G. Duncan  K.R. Refsal  J.M. Quimby 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):827-837

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats is associated with gastrointestinal signs commonly attributed to uremic gastropathy. Consequently, patients often are treated with antacids and gastrointestinal protectants. This therapeutic regimen is based on documented gastric lesions in uremic humans and dogs, but the nature and incidence of uremic gastropathy in cats are unknown.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Evaluate uremic gastropathy in CKD cats to facilitate refinement of medical management for gastrointestinal signs.

Animals

Thirty‐seven CKD cats; 12 nonazotemic cats

Methods

Stomachs were evaluated for the presence of classic uremic gastropathy lesions. Histopathologic lesions were compared with serum creatinine concentrations, calcium‐phosphorus product (CPP), and serum gastrin concentrations.

Results

Gastric ulceration, edema, and vascular fibrinoid change were not observed. The most important gastric lesions in CKD cats were fibrosis and mineralization. Sixteen CKD cats (43%) had evidence of gastric fibrosis of varying severity and 14 CKD cats (38%) had gastric mineralization. CKD cats were more likely to have gastric fibrosis and mineralization than nonazotemic controls (P = .005 and P = .021, respectively). Only cats with moderate and severe azotemia had gastric mineralization. CPP was correlated with disease severity; severely azotemic CKD cats had significantly higher CPP when compared with nonazotemic controls, and to mildly and moderately azotemic cats (P < .05). Gastrin concentrations were significantly higher in CKD cats when compared with nonazotemic controls (P = .003), but increased concentrations were not associated with gastric ulceration.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Uremic gastropathy in CKD cats differs from that described in other species and this difference should be considered when devising medical management.  相似文献   

Was it imagination?     

Quimby ET 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1885,5(100):4

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Inherited disorders: the comparative picture     

FW NICHOLAS  PAW HARPER† 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(2):64-66

When confronted with a novel familial disorder, veterinarians should consult McKusick's catalogue of inherited disorders in humans, called Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM), or its online version (OMIM), to see whether a similar disorder has been reported in humans. They should also consult the other readily available sources of comparative information on mice and domesticated species. Increasingly, such consultations can be conducted on the Internet via the World Wide Web. If it is thought that an animal disorder is homologous with a human disorder, publications describing the animal disorder should include the MIM number(s) for that disorder. Future research can then test the hypothesis of homology, until a consensus is reached.  相似文献   

Adrenal function in the cat: comparison of the effects of cosyntropin (synthetic ACTH) and corticotropin gel stimulation     

M E Peterson  P P Kintzer  M S Foodman  A Piccolie  F W Quimby 《Research in veterinary science》1984,37(3):331-333

The serum cortisol responses of 10 normal cats to natural adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) gel and synthetic ACTH (cosyntropin) were evaluated and compared. Following administration of either ACTH gel or cosyntropin, mean serum cortisol concentrations increased significantly (P less than 0.05) within 30 minutes and reached a maximal response (2.5 to 10 times basal values) at 90 minutes. The time to reach peak serum cortisol concentrations was variable, however, and occurred sooner after cosyntropin (30 to 60 minutes) than after ACTH gel administration (90 to 180 minutes). While ACTH gel tended to produce a prolonged cortisol response, the effects of cosyntropin were more transient, with serum cortisol concentrations returning to normal range within three hours after injection. Results of this study indicate that the administration of either ACTH gel or cosyntropin consistently produces an adequate adrenocortical response in the cat. Based on the time response studies, post ACTH cortisol samples should be collected 60 to 90 minutes after cosyntropin or 90 to 120 minutes after ACTH gel injection to ensure detection of peak adrenocortical response with either ACTH preparation.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of ponies with Borrelia burgdorferi by exposure to Ixodid ticks     

Chang YF  Novosol V  McDonough SP  Chang CF  Jacobson RH  Divers T  Quimby FW  Shin S  Lein DH 《Veterinary pathology》2000,37(1):68-76

Seven specific-pathogen-free (SPF) ponies, 1-5 years old, were exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi-infected adult ticks while being treated with dexamethasone over 5 consecutive days. One SPF pony (pony No. 178) was first exposed to laboratory-reared nymphs without B. burgdorferi infection and 3 weeks later was exposed to B. burgdorferi-infected adult ticks with concurrent dexamethasone treatment for 5 consecutive days. Four uninfected ponies treated with dexamethasone, exposed to laboratory-reared ticks without B. burgdorferi infection served as uninfected controls. Clinical signs, bacteriologic culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacterial DNA, immunologic responses, and gross lesions and histopathologic changes were investigated during the experiment or at necropsy 9 months after tick exposure. In all of the seven challenged ponies, infection with B. burgdorferi was detected from monthly skin biopsies and various tissues at postmortem examination by culture and by PCR. However, pony No. 178 exposed to laboratory-reared nymphs (without B. burgdorferi infection) and challenged with B. burgdorferi-infected adult ticks 2 months later did not develop a B. burgdorferi infection. All of the infected ponies seroconverted. Control ponies and pony No. 178 were negative by culture, PCR, and serology. Except for skin lesions, we failed to induce any significant histopathologic changes in this study. This is the first report of successful tick-induced experimental infection in ponies by exposure to B. burgdorferi-infected ticks. This Lyme disease model will be very useful to evaluate efficacy of vaccines against the Lyme agent and the effect of antibiotic therapy on horses infected with B. burgdorferi.  相似文献   

Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats - By Gough A and Thomas A     

FW Nicholas 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(3):118-118

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Cutaneous histiocytosis vs leptospirosis     

H H Quimby 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(10):1142-1143

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Longitudinal evaluation of bovine mammary gland health status by somatic cell counting, flow cytometry, and cytology.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A L Rivas  F W Quimby  J Blue  O Coksaygan 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(5):399-407

Bovine mastitis phases induced by Staphylococcus aureus were assessed in 6 lactating cows before challenge and at 1, 4-8, and 9-14 days postinoculation (dpi). Milk lymphocytes, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) were counted by conventional (manual) cytology, identified by CD3+ and CD11b+ immunofluorescence and counted by flow cytometry (based on leukocyte forward and side light scatter values). Somatic cell counts (SCC) and recovery of bacteria were recorded at the same times. Preinoculation samples showed a lymphocyte-dominated composition. At 1 dpi, the percentage of PMN increased and that of lymphocytes decreased. At 4-8 dpi, PMN were predominant, but the percentage of mononuclear cells increased above that at 1 dpi and further increased by 9-14 dpi (when lymphocytes approached prechallenge values). Based on leukocyte percentages, 3 indices were created from the data: 1) the PMN/lymphocyte percentage ratio (PMN/L), 2) the PMN/macrophage percentage ratio (PMN/M), and 3) the phagocyte (PMN and macrophage)/lymphocyte percentage ratio (Phago/L). Significant correlations were found between cytologic and flow cytometric data in all of these indicators (all with P < or = 0.01). These indices identified nonmastitic, early inflammatory (1-8 dpi), and late inflammatory (9-14 dpi) animals. In contrast, SCC and bacteriology did not. Although sensitivity of the SCC was similar to that of Phago/L, the specificity of SCC was almost half that of the Phago/L index. Based on flow cytometry indicators, an algorithm for presumptive diagnosis of bovine mastitis was developed. Flow cytometry provides results as valid as those obtained by conventional (manual) cytology, shows greater ability to identify mastitic cases than does SCC, and may identify 3 mammary gland health-related conditions.  相似文献