Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J Chen  MA Hamon  H Hu  Y Chen  AM Rao  PC Eklund  RC Haddon 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5386):95-98

Naked metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were dissolved in organic solutions by derivatization with thionychloride and octadecylamine. Both ionic (charge transfer) and covalent solution-phase chemistry with concomitant modulation of the SWNT band structure were demonstrated. Solution-phase near-infrared spectroscopy was used to study the effects of chemical modifications on the band gaps of the SWNTs. Reaction of soluble SWNTs with dichlorocarbene led to functionalization of the nanotube walls.  相似文献   

The structure of the upper atmosphere of mars: In situ accelerometer measurements from mars global surveyor   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GM Keating  SW Bougher  RW Zurek  RH Tolson  GJ Cancro  SN Noll  JS Parker  TJ Schellenberg  RW Shane  BL Wilkerson  JR Murphy  JL Hollingsworth  RM Haberle  M Joshi  JC Pearl  BJ Conrath  MD Smith  RT Clancy  RC Blanchard  RG Wilmoth  DF Rault  TZ Martin  DT Lyons  PB Esposito  MD Johnston  al et 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5357):1672-1676

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) z-axis accelerometer has obtained over 200 vertical structures of thermospheric density, temperature, and pressure, ranging from 110 to 170 kilometers, compared to only three previous such vertical structures. In November 1997, a regional dust storm in the Southern Hemisphere triggered an unexpectedly large thermospheric response at mid-northern latitudes, increasing the altitude of thermospheric pressure surfaces there by as much as 8 kilometers and indicating a strong global thermospheric response to a regional dust storm. Throughout the MGS mission, thermospheric density bulges have been detected on opposite sides of the planet near 90 degreesE and 90 degreesW, in the vicinity of maximum terrain heights. This wave 2 pattern may be caused by topographically-forced planetary waves propagating up from the lower atmosphere.  相似文献   

Fry age and size effects on immersion immunization of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell, against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus     

L. M. SCOTLAND  P. DOBOS  R. M. W. STEVENSON 《Journal of fish diseases》1990,13(2):113-125

Abstract. Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell, fry were divided into eight age groups of 1–8 weeks post-hatch (wph) and immunized by a single direct immersion in formalin-inactivated infectious pancreatic necrosis virus ( ipnv ). After a direct-immersion ipnv challenge given 4 weeks later, only fry immunized at 2, 3 and 6wph showed protection. The relative per cent survival 60 days after ipnv challenge was highest in 2 and 3 wph fry (45–50%) and decreased as fish increased in age or size. The same response was obtained one year later when four age groups of fry, from 1 to 4wph, were immunized with a different serotype and dose of ipnv . The 2 and 3 wph fry had mean weights between 49 and 60mg at immunization. Killed vaccines administered by immersion have not previously been reported as inducing protection in salmonid fry of such low weights. Analysis of the growth of the fry suggests that protection against IPNV requires immunization in the eleutheroembryo phase, during the time of slow weight gain. This appears to be in direct contrast to the stage of ontogeny and weight growth rate required for successful immunization against the bacterial pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. Although immunization with two ipnv serotypes reduced mortalities from challenges with these same virus isolates, it did not prevent ipnv infection of fry in any age group.  相似文献   

Tension pneumothorax secondary to nasojejunal feeding tube misplacement in a mechanically ventilated dog     

P Giordano  BM Kirby  RC Bennett  F Bernard 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(10):400-404

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Medial collateral ligament desmitis of the distal interphalangeal joint in the hindlimb of a horse: treatment with cast immobilisation     

GD Trope  RC Whitton 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(12):499-502

A 12‐year‐old show‐jumping mare was presented for investigation of a chronic hindlimb lameness of 16 weeks duration. Perineural anaesthesia and ultrasonography localised the lesion to the medial collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint of the left hindlimb. Treatment consisted of a heavily padded distal limb cast for 6 weeks, strict box rest and a strictly regulated hand walking program. Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed throughout the rehabilitation period. Collateral ligament desmitis of the distal interphalangeal joint is a commonly diagnosed condition of the forelimb; however, hindlimb collateral ligament desmitis has been rarely reported. Ultrasonographic examination in this case was an invaluable diagnostic and follow‐up tool. Immobilisation of the foot by means of a heavily padded distal limb cast allowed excellent healing of the ligament and is presented as a novel treatment for collateral ligament desmitis. At the time of writing the mare had returned to her previous level of exercise and was showing no signs of lameness.  相似文献   

Postmortem lesions in the intercarpal ligaments of the equine midcarpal joint     

RC WHITTON  RJ ROSE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(10):746-750

Objective To determine the frequency of damage to the medial palmar intercarpal ligament (MPICL), and the range of sizes of the dorsomedial intercarpal ligament (DMICL) of the midcarpal joint in horses with no history of carpal joint disease.
Materials and methods
Cadaver limbs were collected from 72 horses with no history of carpal joint disease. One hundred and forty-two midcarpal joints were dissected and the MPICL and DMICL were examined. Measurements were made with a digital micrometer.
Results MPICL tearing was present in 88 of 96 joints from horses 2 years and older. Tears were predominantly of the dorsolateral bundle and complete rupture of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial bundles was not observed. Tearing was not present in foals less than 4 months of age and the severity of tearing increased significantly with age (P < 0.0001). Severity of tearing was significantly greater in racing Standardbreds than racing Thoroughbreds (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between racing and non-racing horses. The lateromedial thickness of the DMICL ranged from 0.4 mm to 2.6 mm in horses 2 years and older. Lateromedial thickness increased significantly with age, and was significantly greater in racing Standardbreds than racing Thoroughbreds (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between racing and nonracing horses.
Conclusions Damage confined to the dorsolateral bundle of the MPICL is a common finding in horses over 1 year of age and is probably of little clinical significance. Complete rupture of both dorsolateral and dorsomedial bundles is uncommon in horses with no history of midcarpal joint disease. Variation in size of the DMICL is observed in horses of all ages, but is most marked in 2-year-old horses.  相似文献   

Derivation, safety and efficacy of a Marek's disease vaccine developed from an Australian isolate of very virulent Marek's disease virus     

RC KARPATHY  GA FIRTH  GA TANNOCK 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(1):61-66

Objective To develop a serotype 1 Marek's disease (MD) vaccine from a very virulent MDV (vvMDV) pathotype and demonstrate safety and efficacy against early challenge with very virulent field strains in the presence of maternal antibody.
Study design Strain BH 16 was isolated and attenuated by serial cell culture passage. One of two cloned passages was selected for vaccine development following early laboratory-scale protection trials in commercial birds. Comparative protection trials were carried out on the BH 16 vaccine and on a CVI 988 Rispens vaccine using commercial and SPF chickens. Challenge viruses used were either a low passage strain BH 16 virus, the Woodlands No. 1 strain or MPF 57 strain of MDV. The BH 16 vaccine was back-passaged in SPF chickens six times and virus recovered from the final passage and the original vaccine virus were tested for safety. The immunosuppressive potential of the BH 16 and Rispens vaccines was also assessed in parallel.
Results The BH 16 and Rispens vaccines induced comparable levels of protection when used as monovalent or multi-valent vaccines, although protection achieved with the mono-valent vaccines was lower. No gross tumour formation was evident in any birds receiving the BH 16 vaccine or bird-passaged virus, although microscopic lesions were present in 2/12 birds that received the bird-passaged virus. In tests for immunosuppression, there was no histological evidence of damage to either the bursa of Fabricius or the thymus.
Conclusion The BH 16 vaccine was shown to be safe and at least as protective as the Rispens vaccine against three highly virulent MD challenge viruses.  相似文献   

沙棘叶水提物适应原性及安全性评价     

花圣卓  王宏昊  滕晓萍  温中平  Banerjee PK  Kumar R 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2011,(2):39-48

本文评估了沙棘叶水提物在大白鼠体内的适应原活性和毒性.提取物的剂量依赖性适应原活性的研究采取将小鼠置于低温(5℃),低压(428mmHg),抑制(C-H-R)的环境下的30min前口服不同剂量的沙棘叶水提物.在亚急性毒性中,连续14d每天口服10倍和20倍最大有效剂量（每天口服1g/kg体重和2g/kg体重）和连续30...  相似文献   

Immunization of adult brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), fails to prevent the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) carrier state     

L. M. SCOTLAND  P. DOBOS  R. M. W. STEVENSON 《Journal of fish diseases》1995,18(5):449-458

Abstract. Adult brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), mounted a strong humoral immune response after injection with inactivated infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). However, this immunization did not prevent the fish from becoming IPNV carriers. After an injection challenge with virulent IPNV, the immunized and control fish (FCA or water) shed virus in the faeces and reproductive products and had IPNV-infected leucocytes and visceral organs. Initially, from 1 to 3 weeks post-challenge (wpc), immunized fish had a lower prevalence of infection and virus titres in the plasma, and fewer infected leucocytes than the control fish. Immunization did not prevent the eventual infection of the leucocytes; over 75% of the immunized and control fish had leucocyte-associated viraemia from 6 to 15 wpc. When the organs were tested at 15 wpc, the immunized fish showed fewer infected organs per fish, and a lower prevalence of infection and virus titres in individual organs than the control fish, but these differences were not significant. Immunized male and female fish shed IPNV in the reproductive products, suggesting that immunization of adult fish would not prevent vertical transmission of IPNV to progeny.  相似文献   

Effect of displaced versus non‐displaced pelvic fractures on long‐term racing performance in 31 Thoroughbred racehorses     

SE Hennessy  MA Muurlink  GA Anderson  TN Puksmann  RC Whitton 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(6):246-250

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