Bovine colostrum-induced anaemia in a 2-week-old lamb     

RE Ruby  CC Balcomb  SA Hunter  KE Lawrence 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1):82-83

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Horizontal and vertical movements of juvenile bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) in relation to seasons and oceanographic conditions in the eastern Pacific Ocean     

TAKASHI KITAGAWA  RE M. BOUSTANY  CHARLES J. FARWELL  THOMAS D. WILLIAMS  MICHAEL R. CASTLETON  BARBARA A. BLOCK 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(5):409-421

Electronically tagged juvenile Pacific bluefin, Thunnus orientalis, were released off Baja California in the summer of 2002. Time‐series data were analyzed for 18 fish that provided a record of 380 ± 120 days (mean ± SD) of ambient water and peritoneal cavity temperatures at 120 s intervals. Geolocations of tagged fish were estimated based on light‐based longitude and sea surface temperature‐based latitude algorithms. The horizontal and vertical movement patterns of Pacific bluefin were examined in relation to oceanographic conditions and the occurrence of feeding events inferred from thermal fluctuations in the peritoneal cavity. In summer, fish were located primarily in the Southern California Bight and over the continental shelf of Baja California, where juvenile Pacific bluefin use the top of the water column, undertaking occasional, brief forays to depths below the thermocline. In autumn, bluefin migrated north to the waters off the Central California coast when thermal fronts form as the result of weakened equatorward wind stress. An examination of ambient and peritoneal temperatures revealed that bluefin tuna fed during this period along the frontal boundaries. In mid‐winter, the bluefin returned to the Southern California Bight possibly because of strong downwelling and depletion of prey species off the Central California waters. The elevation of the mean peritoneal cavity temperature above the mean ambient water temperature increased as ambient water temperature decreased. The ability of juvenile bluefin tuna to maintain a thermal excess of 10°C occurred at ambient temperatures of 11–14°C when the fish were off the Central California coast. This suggests that the bluefin maintain peritoneal temperature by increasing heat conservation and possibly by increasing internal heat production when in cooler waters. For all of the Pacific bluefin tuna, there was a significant correlation between their mean nighttime depth and the visible disk area of the moon.  相似文献   

The effect of four anesthetic protocols on the spleen in dogs     

DV  Wilson  RE Carpenter  AT Evans 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):100-101

Splenic enlargement following administration of barbiturates has been well described in dogs; other agents have not been investigated. This study aimed to compare the effects of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size.
Twenty-four fasted Beagle dogs scheduled for laparotomy were allocated to one of the four groups. Group 1: acepromazine and butorphanol followed by induction with thiopental; Group 2: acepromazine and butorphanol followed by induction with propofol; Group 3: medetomidine and butorphanol followed by induction with propofol; Group 4: medetomidine and butorphanol followed by induction with ketamine and diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane in oxygen, intravenous fluids were administered. Splenic length, width and height were measured once when the abdomen was opened and again just prior to closure. Spleens were also traced, the image was digitized, and the area was calculated. PCV and total solids were measured before and after pre-medication, after induction, and each time the spleen was measured. Data were analyzed using a Repeated Measures anova with splenic variables indexed by body surface area and dose of induction agent as a covariate.
Area and width of the spleens were less in the dogs of Groups 2 and 3 than in those of the other groups. Splenic area and length did not change significantly during surgery. Dosage of propofol was not significantly different between Groups 2 and 3. Baseline PCV was not significantly different among groups and decreased significantly in all dogs, but at different times. In Groups 1 and 2, the decrease occurred after pre-medication, in Group 3 at induction, and in Group 4 during surgery. A significant decrease in TS occurred in all groups during surgery.
We concluded that the use of propofol resulted in smaller spleen size during surgery than that following the use of thiopental. Multiple factors influenced the PCV.  相似文献   

Reptarenaviruses in apparently healthy snakes in an Australian zoological collection     

TH Hyndman  RE Marschang  M Bruce  P Clark  SD Vitali 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(4):93-102

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Associations between Theileria orientalis Ikeda type infection and the growth rates and haematocrit of suckled beef calves in the North Island of New Zealand     

KE Lawrence  BL Lawrence  RE Hickson  CA Hewitt  KR Gedye  LM Fermin 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2019,67(2):66-73

AIMS: The principle aim of this study was to examine the association between infection with Theileria orientalis Ikeda type and growth rates of suckled beef calves on four beef farms. In addition, associations between calf sex, sampling time, and individual farm and T. orientalis Ikeda type infection intensity and haematocrit (HCT) were investigated.

METHODS: The study was a prospective longitudinal study in which 240 calves from four purposively selected beef farms in the North Island of New Zealand were blood sampled and weighed in late spring, mid-summer and early autumn. Two farms were from high-risk (A and B) and two from low-risk (C and D) tick areas. Blood samples were analysed to determine HCT, and the number of T. orientalis Ikeda type organisms/µL of blood (infection intensity) using a quantitative PCR assay. A calf was defined as infected if >415 organisms/µL were detected in a blood sample. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between infection intensity, mean daily liveweight gain (MDG), HCT, calf sex and time of sampling on the four farms.

RESULTS: On Farms A and B nearly all calves were infected at each sampling time, on Farm C <30% were infected at any sampling and on Farm D infection prevalence increased from 32 to 79% between late spring and early autumn. On Farms C and D, from mid-summer to early autumn, mean MDG was 0.127 (95% CI=0.072–0.183) kg/day less for infected than uninfected calves (p<0.001). On all farms MDG was negatively associated with infection intensity for mid-summer and early autumn sampling times (p=0.037). The relationship between time of sampling and infection intensity varied between farms (p<0.001), and between male and female calves (p=0.018). Females had a higher infection intensity than males at the mid-summer and early autumn samplings. The association between HCT and infection intensity varied with sampling time and farm (p=0.018). There was a strong negative association between infection intensity and HCT at the late spring sampling, but in mid-summer there was no association, and in early autumn only a weak association.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study has shown that beef farmers in the North Island of New Zealand should be concerned about the welfare effects and economic impacts of T. orientalis Ikeda type infection in suckled beef calves.  相似文献   

Viability of OPS Vitrified Sheep Embryos After Direct Transfer     

RE Green  BFS Santos  CC Sicherle  FC Landim-Alvarenga  SD Bicudo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(3):406-410

The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability in the effect of open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification procedure of sheep embryos after direct transference. Embryos were produced in vivo and cryopreserved in slow freezing or OPS vitrification. The survival rates of cryopreserved embryos were compared to non-frozen standard pattern. In a first set of experiments, embryos at morula and blastocyst stages were dived in ethylene glycol (1.5 M) and frozen in an automatic freezer. After being thawed, they were directly or indirectly transferred to ewes recipient. A second group of embryos were drawn into OPS and plunged into liquid nitrogen after being exposed at room temperature for 1 min and 45 s in 10% EG plus 10% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), then again for 30 s in 20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.5 M sucrose. After being warmed, embryos were also directly transferred using a French mini straw as the catheter for the transplantation process or after in vitro dilution of cryoprotectants (two-step-process). No significant difference was observed among fresh, frozen or vitrified embryos on pregnancy rate (50.0%, 38.6% and 55.8%). However, when we evaluated only the direct transference, the pregnancy rate of OPS vitrified embryos was higher than that of frozen embryos (57.1% vs 34.8%) (p = 0.07). In addition, vitrified morulae had a higher pregnancy rate than the one with frozen embryos (64.0% vs 38.9%) (p = 0.07). Finally, our results indicate that OPS vitrification technique in association with direct transference improves the viability of sheep embryos with potential applications to field conditions.  相似文献   

Comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthetic index in unpremedicated dogs     

DS  Galloway  JCH Ko  RE Mandsager  HF Reaugh  ME Payton  E Portillo 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):103-104

Anesthetic respiratory effects of sevoflurane (SEVO) were compared with isoflurane (ISO) in unpremedicated dogs. Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), apneic concentration (AC), and anesthetic index (AI) of SEVO and ISO were determined in eight 1‐year‐old healthy dogs, weighing 19 ± 3 kg (mean ± SEM) in a randomized complete block multiple cross‐over design. Dogs were mask‐induced with either SEVO or ISO in 100% oxygen. Following endotracheal intubation, dogs were instrumented, mechanically ventilated, and MAC was determined using a tail‐clamp method. Next, spontaneous ventilation was re‐established, and anesthetic concentration was increased to determine the AC. Throughout the anesthetic event, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SAP), mean blood pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DAP), respiratory rate (RR), end‐tidal carbon dioxide (Pe ′CO₂), and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO₂) were recorded at 3‐minute intervals. Following AC determination, AI was calculated as AC/MAC, and dogs were allowed to recover. Each dog was anesthetized four times (twice with ISO and SEVO each) at 1‐week intervals. All data were analyzed using the two‐way anova . Multiple comparisons were performed between ISO and SEVO treatments. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Significant differences were noted between agents for MAC (SEVO, 2.13 ± 0.10%; ISO, 1.38 ± 0.14%; p < 0.0001), AC (SEVO, 7.34 ± 0.13%; ISO, 3.60 ± 0.13%; p < 0.0001), and AI (SEVO, 3.46 ± 0.22; ISO, 2.63 ± 0.14; p = 0.0002). Physiologic parameters were compared between SEVO and ISO at 1MAC, 2MAC, 3MAC, and AC. No differences were noted between SEVO and ISO treatments for cardiovascular parameters (HR, SAP, MAP, DAP). Significant differences were noted, favoring SEVO, for all respiratory parameters (RR, Pe ′CO₂, SpO₂) at increasing MAC multiples. Additionally, regression analysis was conducted for physiologic variable data points. Analysis of Pe ′CO₂ data points demonstrated a significant slope difference of ?6.47 ± 1.02 (B_SEVO ? B_ISO; p < 0.0001; r² = 0.6042) favoring SEVO. While expected dose‐related ventilatory depression was noted for both agents, all the respiratory parameters for SEVO demonstrated less respiratory depression than ISO at equipotent doses. These results indicated that SEVO caused less dose‐dependent ventilatory depression than ISO, having a significantly higher AI and causing less detrimental change in pulmonary parameters at increasing levels of MAC.  相似文献   

Effect of pre-medication on gastroduodenoscopy in isoflurane-anesthetized cats     

AA  Smith  LP Posner  RE Goldstein  JW Ludders  HN Erb  KW Simpson  RD Gleed 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):103-103

The pre‐medicant chosen may influence the ease with which gastroduodenoscopy (GD) is performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative ease of GD in cats under ketamine and isoflurane anesthesia after IM injection of hydromorphone (H, 0.1 mg kg^?1), hydromorphone plus glycopyrrolate (HG, 0.1 mg kg^?1 (H), 0.01 mg kg^?1 (G)), medetomidine (M, 0.03 mg kg^?1), or butorphanol (B, 0.4 mg kg^?1). Eight cats were assigned randomly to receive each treatment in a cross‐over design with at least 7 days between treatments. Twenty minutes after pre‐medication, medetomidine produced greater (p = 0.001) sedation than the other treatments when assessed, using a subjective ordinal scale. The cats were injected with ketamine (10 mg kg^?1 IM), orotracheally intubated, connected to a pediatric circle breathing system, and allowed to spontaneously breathe isoflurane in oxygen. Once end‐tidal isoflurane concentration was stable at 1.4% for 15 minutes, endoscopy was started. A single endoscopist (REG), who was unaware of the treatment used, performed all endoscopies. The endoscopist scored the difficulty of endoscopy subjectively (0–3). The significance of differences between treatments was evaluated using Friedman's test. Time for entering the stomach was 9.4 (4.7–15.9) (median (minimum–maximum)), 6.6 (5.2–11.7), 8.4 (6.3–16.5), and 7.7 (5.1–14.7) seconds and for entering the duodenum from the stomach was 20.5 (13.8–40.9), 18.2 (10.3–39.8), 20.2 (16.2–119.5), and 22.2 (11.8–83.8) seconds for H, HG, M, and B treatments, respectively. There were no significant differences in the time for, or difficulty of, endoscopy. We conclude that any of these drugs can be used satisfactorily at the doses and combinations tested to pre‐medicate cats prior to general anesthesia for GD.  相似文献   

提高造林“两率”问题的探讨     

王毅军  白永忠  王强  热希 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2012,(6):15-16

内蒙古乌拉特前旗属干旱、半干旱地区,地形、地貌复杂,土壤类型多样,造林立地条件较差。恶劣的自然条件,严重制约着造林成活率和保存率的提高。文章对当前制约该区造林成活率、保存率的因素进行调查分析,提出提高"两率"的具体措施,可为同类地区提供造林技术参考。  相似文献   

论沙化土地的治理     

白永忠  王毅军  张静  热希 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2012,(6):17-18

乌拉特前旗属干旱、半干旱地区,地貌类型复杂多样,造林立地条件较差。恶劣的自然条件,使大量土地日趋沙化,直接影响着这些地区的造林成活率和保存率的提高。文章对当前制约造林的沙化土地因素进行调查分析,提出治理的具体措施,可为同类地区提供造林技术参考。  相似文献