Performance of a food-frequency questionnaire in the US NIH-AARP (National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons) Diet and Health Study     

Thompson FE  Kipnis V  Midthune D  Freedman LS  Carroll RJ  Subar AF  Brown CC  Butcher MS  Mouw T  Leitzmann M  Schatzkin A 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(2):183-195

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the performance of the food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered to participants in the US NIH-AARP (National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons) Diet and Health Study, a cohort of 566 404 persons living in the USA and aged 50-71 years at baseline in 1995. DESIGN: The 124-item FFQ was evaluated within a measurement error model using two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls (24HRs) as the reference. SETTING: Participants were from six states (California, Florida, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, North Carolina and Louisiana) and two metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Georgia and Detroit, Michigan). SUBJECTS: A subgroup of the cohort consisting of 2053 individuals. RESULTS: For the 26 nutrient constituents examined, estimated correlations with true intake (not energy-adjusted) ranged from 0.22 to 0.67, and attenuation factors ranged from 0.15 to 0.49. When adjusted for reported energy intake, performance improved; estimated correlations with true intake ranged from 0.36 to 0.76, and attenuation factors ranged from 0.24 to 0.68. These results compare favourably with those from other large prospective studies. However, previous biomarker-based studies suggest that, due to correlation of errors in FFQs and self-report reference instruments such as the 24HR, the correlations and attenuation factors observed in most calibration studies, including ours, tend to overestimate FFQ performance. CONCLUSION: The performance of the FFQ in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, in conjunction with the study's large sample size and wide range of dietary intake, is likely to allow detection of moderate (> or =1.8) relative risks between many energy-adjusted nutrients and common cancers.  相似文献   

The structure of the upper atmosphere of mars: In situ accelerometer measurements from mars global surveyor   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GM Keating  SW Bougher  RW Zurek  RH Tolson  GJ Cancro  SN Noll  JS Parker  TJ Schellenberg  RW Shane  BL Wilkerson  JR Murphy  JL Hollingsworth  RM Haberle  M Joshi  JC Pearl  BJ Conrath  MD Smith  RT Clancy  RC Blanchard  RG Wilmoth  DF Rault  TZ Martin  DT Lyons  PB Esposito  MD Johnston  al et 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5357):1672-1676

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) z-axis accelerometer has obtained over 200 vertical structures of thermospheric density, temperature, and pressure, ranging from 110 to 170 kilometers, compared to only three previous such vertical structures. In November 1997, a regional dust storm in the Southern Hemisphere triggered an unexpectedly large thermospheric response at mid-northern latitudes, increasing the altitude of thermospheric pressure surfaces there by as much as 8 kilometers and indicating a strong global thermospheric response to a regional dust storm. Throughout the MGS mission, thermospheric density bulges have been detected on opposite sides of the planet near 90 degreesE and 90 degreesW, in the vicinity of maximum terrain heights. This wave 2 pattern may be caused by topographically-forced planetary waves propagating up from the lower atmosphere.  相似文献   

Veterinary Ophthalmology     

RG Stanley 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(12):790-790

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我们对家禽的疫苗反应了解多少     

Mojtaba Yegani  Gary Butcher  Amir Nilipour  黄振鹏  史为民 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2007,27(2):48-50

免疫接种是控制和根除传染性病原微生物的常用手段之一。在设计有效而经济的免疫程序时,每个鸡场都有其独特的具体情况需要加以考虑。  相似文献   

饲料卫生和家禽健康     

Mujtaba Yegany  Gary Butcher  Amir Nilipour  Richard D.Miles  Rohani Karegar  唐文渊 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2002,(6):53-55

每年，仅仅肉鸡就合消耗一亿吨以上的成品饲料。饲料产品中一小部分受到污染就会使养鸡者和消费者付出高昂的代价。污染的饲料是不卫生的，不适合用于饲喂畜禽，因为这样的饲料合危害育禽的生产性能参数，比如健康、体重、饲料转化率、死亡率以及蛋鸡和种鸡的产蛋率。  相似文献   

Relationship between delayed onset of egg production and involution of the bursa of Fabricius in White Leghorn chickens     

G D Butcher  R H Harms  R W Winterfield 《Avian diseases》1989,33(2):361-364

The relationship between delayed onset of oviposition and involution of the bursa of Fabricius is described. Chickens studied were 26 weeks of age and had not come into production. The bursae of nonlaying chickens were compared with those of age-matched chickens that had laid the first egg 1, 9 to 11, or 24 days before. The bursae from the nonlaying chickens were similar in weight and morphology to the functional bursae of immature pullets. Bursae of laying chickens, even on the day of the first egg, were markedly involuted. Age of the chicken was not a factor in determining bursal involution. The onset of egg production was directly related to bursal involution.  相似文献   

Thyroid status and life span of the corpus luteum in the ewe and rat     

M E Freeman  P E Lewis  G N Louw  R L Butcher  E K Inskeep 《Journal of animal science》1969,29(3):479-482

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Blue eye in a cat     

C. HARDMAN  RG STANLEY 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(9):595-596

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Dietary phosphorus for beef cows     

J W Call  J E Butcher  J L Shupe  J T Blake  A E Olson 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(2):475-481

Hereford heifers (48 initially) were individually fed variable amounts of dietary phosphorus (P) from weaning through their 8th gestation. During phase I, 2 groups (24 cows each) were given 20.6 to 38.1 g of P/day and 6.0 to 12.1 g of P/day (increasing as animals grew). During phase II (the 4th gestation), half of the animals from each group were maintained with the same respective diets, and the other half were given 5.1 to 6.6 g of P/day. Within 6 months, animals given 5.1 to 6.6 g of P/day gradually developed signs of P deficiency. Clinical signs of deficiency and lesions included general unthriftiness, body weight loss, reduced feed consumption, reluctance to move, abnormal stance, spontaneous bone fractures, and finally, impaired reproductive performance. Cows given 7.8 to 8.9 g of P/day in diet 2 during phase II did not develop discernible clinical signs of P deficiency. Cows that were given 5.1 to 6.6 g of P/day apparently regained their health and reproductive capability when fed 11.7 to 12.6 or 17.1 to 20.5 g of P/day. The data indicate that bones serve as an effective storage source of P and support and buffer body needs until there is serious depletion of skeletal P. These results indicate that common recommendations for dietary P, such as those outlined by the National Research Council (17.5 g of P/day over the entire year for cows weighing 450 kg), exceed the basic requirements for beef cattle; 12 g of P/day is adequate for 450-kg beef cows.  相似文献   

Renal adenocarcinoma with intranuclear inclusions in an Arctic ground squirrel.          下载免费PDF全文

H W Casey  R C Simmonds    W I Butcher 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1972,36(1):79-82

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