克拜黑土区沟壑冻融侵蚀主要形态特征初探   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

刘绪军  齐恒玉 《水土保持应用技术》1999,(1):28-30

目前,国内外对冻融侵蚀研究开展得很少,为此,1998年克山试验站在克拜黑土区进行该方面研究,经过大量调查,结果表明：冻融侵蚀可使耕地中的沟壑每年扩张50～100cm,加剧了侵蚀沟的发展,对农业生产的可持续发展危害极大。沟壑冻融侵蚀可分为沟岸冻裂、沟岸融滑、沟坡融泻、沟壁融塌4种主要侵蚀类型。沟壑冻融侵蚀是一个缓慢的侵蚀过程,与重力侵蚀交织在一起,是重力侵蚀发生的先决条件。  相似文献   

Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of milled fractions of different wheat varieties   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Adom KK  Sorrells ME  Liu RH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2297-2306

The health-promoting effects of whole-grain consumption have been attributed in part to their unique phytochemical contents and profiles that complement those found in fruits and vegetables. Wheat is an important component of the human diet; however, little is known about the phytochemical profiles and total antioxidant activities of milled fractions of different wheat varieties. The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of phytochemicals (total phenolics, flavonoids, ferulic acid, and carotenoids) and to determine hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity in milled fractions (endosperm and bran/germ) of three different wheat varieties, two of which were grown in two environments. Grain samples of each of the wheat varieties were milled into endosperm and bran/germ fractions. Each fraction was extracted and analyzed for total phenolics, ferulic acid, flavonoids, carotenoid contents, and hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content of bran/germ fractions (2867-3120 micromol of gallic acid equiv/100 g) was 15-18-fold higher (p < 0.01) than that of respective endosperm fractions. Ferulic acid content ranged from 1005 to 1130 micromol/100 g in bran/germ fractions and from 15 to 21 micromol/100 g in the endosperm fractions. The bran/germ fraction flavonoid content was 740-940 micromol of catechin equiv/100 g. On average, bran/germ fractions of wheat had 4-fold more lutein, 12-fold more zeaxanthin, and 2-fold more beta-cryptoxanthin than the endosperm fractions. Hydrophilic antioxidant activity of bran/germ samples (7.1-16.4 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g) was 13-27-fold higher than that of the respective endosperm samples. Similarly, lipophilic antioxidant activity was 28-89-fold higher in the bran/germ fractions (1785-4669 nmol of vitamin E equiv/g). Hydrophilic antioxidant activity contribution to the total antioxidant activity (hydrophilic + lipophilic) was >80%. In whole-wheat flour, the bran/germ fraction contributed 83% of the total phenolic content, 79% of the total flavonoid content, 51% of the total lutein, 78% of the total zeaxanthin, 42% of the total beta-cryptoxanthin, 85% of the total hydrophilic antioxidant activity, and 94% of the total lipophilic antioxidant activity. Our results showed that different milled fractions of wheat have different profiles of both hydrophilic and lipophilic phytochemicals. These findings provide information necessary for evaluating contributions to good health and disease prevention from whole-wheat consumption.  相似文献   

Genetic manipulation for enhancing calcium content in potato tuber     

Park S  Kang TS  Kim CK  Han JS  Kim S  Smith RH  Pike LM  Hirschi KD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(14):5598-5603

Increased calcium (Ca) in potatoes may increase the production rate by enhancing tuber quality and storability. Additionally, increased Ca levels in important agricultural crops may help ameliorate the incidence of osteoporosis. However, the capacity to alter Ca levels in potato tubers through genetic manipulations has not been previously addressed. Here we demonstrate that potato tubers expressing the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ transporter sCAX1 (N-terminal autoinhibitory domain truncated version of CAtion eXchanger 1) contain up to 3-fold more Ca than wild-type tubers. The increased Ca appears to be distributed throughout the tuber. The sCAX1-expressing potatoes have normally undergone the tuber/plant/tuber cycle for three generations; the trait appeared stable through successive generations. The expression of sCAX1 does not appear to alter potato growth and development. Furthermore, increased Ca levels in sCAX1-expressing tubers do not appear to alter tuber morphology or yield. Given the preponderance of potato consumption worldwide, these transgenic plants may be a means of marginally increasing Ca intake levels in the population. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempts to use biotechnology to increase the Ca content of potatoes.  相似文献   

胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传分析     

王利民  党照  赵玮  李闻娟  谢亚萍  齐燕妮  张建平 《西北农业学报》2020,30(6):942-948

亚麻酸是胡麻脂肪酸组成的主要成分,也是胡麻品质改良的主要目标。为深入研究胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传规律,基于6个世代遗传群体(P_1、F_1、P_2、B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)、F_(2:3)),采用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传模式。结果表明,胡麻亚麻酸含量符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,主基因的加性效应在亚麻酸含量的遗传控制中具有重要贡献;B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)和F_(2:3)世代主基因遗传率分别为33.59%、46.95%和53.92%,多基因遗传率分别为25.60%、19.35%和14.43%;通过群体品质分析,筛选出高亚麻酸材料15份,高含油量材料7份,这些优异材料为胡麻品质育种奠定了良好的基础。  相似文献   

中间砧嫁接对黄瓜白粉病抗性的影响     

王立霞  管梦娇  种道齐  刘世琦 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,51(2)

本试验通过人工接种白粉病病原,对不同嫁接方式(常规嫁接和中间砧嫁接)嫁接黄瓜及不同中间砧(伊丽莎白、东方脆甜、景甜F1)嫁接黄瓜的白粉病发病率、病情指数和一系列生理指标进行比较,来探讨不同嫁接方式及不同中间砧嫁接对黄瓜白粉病抗性的影响。研究结果表明,嫁接可显著提高黄瓜对白粉病的抗性,接种白粉病后,黄瓜嫁接苗电解质渗透率和丙二醛含量显著低于自根苗,以甜瓜中间砧嫁接苗显著低于常规嫁接;可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量以中间砧嫁接常规嫁接自根苗;白粉病胁迫下,嫁接苗叶片中抗氧化酶和次生代谢相关酶活性均显著高于自根苗,各嫁接处理间除POD、PAL活性无显著差异外,其余均以中间砧高于常规嫁接,三个中间砧品种以T3东方脆甜最高;白粉病侵染后,不同嫁接苗间木质素含量差异不大,但均明显高于自根苗;酚类物质及纤维素含量为中间砧嫁接常规嫁接自根苗。因此,中间砧嫁接可提高黄瓜抗白粉病能力,三个中间砧品种以‘东方脆甜’抗性最优。  相似文献   

论信息化在促进乡村振兴提高农业经济管理效能的作用     

孙乾晟  齐心  刘井莉  齐高扬 《吉林蔬菜》2020,(1):53-56

农业是我国的传统产业之一,农业经济水平的提高对于整体经济水平的提高有着极为重要的影响。我国经济和科技不断发展,农业经济发展规模也在逐步扩大,在乡村振兴的伟大战略中,对农业经济管理水平有了更高的要求。农业现代化进程不断加速,信息化是社会发展中的一种技术手段,已深入各个行业领域之中。如何有效提高农业经济的管理水平,经济信息化是发展中的必然选项。进行农业经济管理信息化,这是农业经济发展新阶段的需要,尤其是新时期,面对乡村振兴战略的提出与尽快建成小康社会的紧迫需要,信息化与乡村振兴,都是紧要发展的当前课题。这也是新时期国民经济信息化变革发展的一个重要方面。  相似文献   

九香虫溶菌酶CcLys2的基因克隆与生物信息学分析     

齐小浪  杜娟  李尚伟 《山地农业生物学报》2020,39(3)

九香虫Coridius chinensis是一种药食两用的资源昆虫,溶菌酶是一种能水解细菌中黏多糖的胞壁质酶。本研究克隆了一种九香虫溶菌酶基因CcLys2,其cDNA长1096 bp,包含一个长672 bp的开放阅读框,编码223个氨基酸(aa)。九香虫溶菌酶蛋白CcLys2的N端包含一段由13 aa组成的信号肽,成熟CcLys2是一种分子量为23.34 kDa的分泌型亲水蛋白。成熟CcLys2形成7个α-螺旋和2个β-折叠片的三维分子结构,并由4个二硫键稳定其构象。同源性和聚类分析表明,CcLys2与来自斯氏珀蝽Plautia stali的C-型溶菌酶的亲缘关系最近。生物信息学分析结显示,CcLys2很可能属于具有消化作用的C-型溶菌酶。本研究为今后进一步阐明CcLys2基因的功能及开发新型抗菌药物奠定基础。  相似文献   

Evolution of sea surface temperature in the somali basin during the southwest monsoon of 1979     

Brown OB  Bruce JG  Evans RH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,209(4456):595-597

Satellite and research vessel observations of sea surface temperature during the southwest monsoon of 1979 show the development of large wedge-shaped areas of cold water along the Somali coast at both 5 degrees and 10 degrees N during June and July. The cold water associated with the large northern and southern Somali eddy systems could be traced several hundred kilometers offshore. By late August the cold wedge at 5 degrees N translated northeastward as far as 10 degrees N at speeds of 15 to 30 centimeters per second, indicating a coalescence of the systems.  相似文献   

国产丙硫苯咪唑对水牛肝片形吸虫的疗效试验     

符敖齐  刘明寿  糜宏年  王寿朝 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1983,(3)

丙硫苯咪唑是我国合成的一种高效、低毒的新型广谱驱虫药。经不少单位试验证明,此药对黄牛、羊、猪、禽等的多种寄生蠕虫均有良好的驱除作用。本试验对仪征县朴席公社部分大队的18头肝片形吸虫阳性水牛,用丙硫苯咪唑以每公斤体重25毫克的剂量治疗13头,每公斤体重35毫克的剂量治疗5头,并同时对4头肝片形吸虫阳性水牛用硫双二氯酸以每公斤体重60毫克的剂量投服作为对照。  相似文献   

鲢及其加工废弃物发酵鱼露的比较   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

张雪花  陈有容  齐凤兰  陈舜胜  内田晴  福田裕 《上海水产大学学报》2000,9(3):226-230

本研究分别以鲢全鱼及鲢鱼糜加工中的废弃物为原料发酵鱼露。测定了发酵过程中ｐＨ１Ｔ－ＶＢＮ以及氨基酸的变化情况,分析了产品的理化成份并比较了氨基酸组成。结果表明,以鲢全鱼和废弃物发酵鱼露过程中ｐＨ、Ｔ－ＶＢＮ以及氨基酸总量的变化情况基本相同。产品的感官评价结果无显著差异;全鱼发酵产品的氨基氮、总氮比由废弃物发酵的产品高,但是后者的氨基酸转化率、脂肪、红色指数以及呈鲜味的氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比例比前者高。  相似文献