Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer: Results in 57 Consecutive Cases     

J. DAVID FOWLER DVM  MVSC  Diplomate ACVS    DANIEL A. DEGNER DVM  Diplomate ACVS    RICHARD WALSHAW BVMS  Diplomate ACVS  DAVID WALKER DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(5):406-412

Objective —To evaluate the outcomes and complications in a consecutive series of animals undergoing microvascular reconstructive procedures at two veterinary institutions. Study Design—Retrospective study. Animals or Sample Population—A total of 44 client-owned dogs and one red-necked wallaby. Methods —The medical records of all animals undergoing reconstructive microsurgical procedures at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine and Michigan State University were reviewed. Microvascular flap survival and related complications were described. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of relationships between operative factors and outcome. Results —A total of 57 microvascular procedures were performed on 55 animals. Reconstruction was required after trauma in 42 animals, after ablative cancer surgery in 11 animals and for correction of congenital tissue aplasia in 1 animal. Donor tissues included the superficial cervical cutaneous, medial saphenous fasciocutaneous or musculofasciocutaneous, caudal superficial epigastric cutaneous, trapezius muscle or musculocutaneous, caudal sartorius muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle or musculocutaneous, cranial abdominal myoperitoneal, carpal footpad, digital footpad, and vascularized ulnar bone flaps. A total of 53 of 57 flaps (93%) survived. There was a significant relationship between flap failure and level of assistant surgeon experience (P < .05). Latissimus dorsi flaps were significantly more likely to fail when compared with pooled data from all other flap types (P < .01). Conclusions —The success of microvascular tissue transfer in this case series compares favorably with those reported in human reconstructive microsurgery. Both the primary and assistant surgeon should be practiced in microsurgical technique. Failure of latissimus dorsi flaps was not likely caused by an inherently deficient flap design, but was more likely attributed to the location and severity of trauma at the recipient site, the difficulty in isolating suitable recipient vessels for anastomosis or the absence of a trained assistant surgeon during these procedures. Clinical Relevance —This retrospective study documents the successful application of microvascular technique in a series of clinical cases requiring tissue reconstruction.  相似文献   

Biology of Commelina benghalensis L. in south-eastern Queensland. 2. Seed dormancy, germination and emergence     

S. R. WALKER  J. P. EVENSON 《Weed Research》1985,25(4):245-250

Germination of freshly harvested seeds of Commelina benghalensis L. varied from 0–3% for small aerial seeds, 20–35% for large aerial seeds and from 33% for small underground seeds to 90% for large underground seeds. Innate dormancy of all seed types was completely overcome by clipping the seed coat. Exposure to 90°C dry heat for 2 h was also effective in increasing germination of the three strongly dormant seed types. Optimum temperature for germination varied with the different seed types. Periods of likely major weed infestation from the four seed types were predicted using soil temperature data. Exposure to light increased germination but was not essential and underground seeds responded more to light than aerial seeds. Optimum depth of emergence for the four seed types was from 0 to 50 mm and there was a positive correlation between maximum depth of emergence and seed weight.  相似文献   

Comparison of Three Skin Preparation Techniques in the Dog Part 1: Experimental Trial   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DEBORA J. OSUNA DVM    DAVID J. DeYOUNG DVM  DiplomateACVs  RICHARD L. WALKER DVM  PhD  MPVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(1):14-19

Premeasured, clipped areas of skin on both sides of 30 adult dogs were prepared with povidone-iodine (PI), chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) with a saline rinse, or 4% CG with a 70% isopropyl alcohol rinse. Skin bacteria were quantified with Replicating Organism Detection and Counting (RODAC) plates and cultured for identification before, immediately after, and 1 hour after skin preparation. The percentages of bacterial reduction immediately and at hour 1 and the percentages of negative cultures, cultures with more than five colony-forming units (CFUs), and skin reactions were analyzed by analysis of variance and chi-square. The percentage of reduction in skin bacteria for all techniques was significant and comparable with that reported in humans. There were no significant differences between PI and CG results except that acute contact dermatitis was observed more frequently after skin preparation with PI. The authors conclude that for similar application times, PI and 4% CG rinsed with saline or 70% isopropyl alcohol are equally effective for up to 1 hour in the preoperative skin preparation of dogs.  相似文献   

Aetiology and pathogenesis of mucosal disease     

I. R. LITTLEJOHNS  K. H. WALKER 《Australian veterinary journal》1985,62(11):395-396

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Hydrochemical Fluxes and their Effects on Stream Acidity in Two Forested Catchments in Central Scotland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MILLER  J. D.; ANDERSON  H. A.; FERRIER  R. C.; WALKER  T. A. B. 《Forestry》1990,63(4):311-331

The hydrochemical fluxes and budgets have been determined fortwo forested catchments, including inputs, tree throughfalland stemflow, soil water throughflow and output streams. Themajor vegetational induced differences are the enrichment ofsodium, chloride, sulphate and particularly hydrogen by Sitkaspruce compared to Norway spruce. These increased concentrationsare primarily due to vegetation interception along with crownleaching, both of which contribute to sulphate enhancement.Soil throughflow and consequent stream chemistries reflect thesespecies effects with additional enrichment both due to geologicalweathering of base cations as well as possible desorption ormineralization processes. Norway spruce vegetation and the associatedpodzolic soils show no net stream acidification (pH 4.61) ofinputs (pH 4.65), whereas Sitka spruce on gleyed soils showconsiderable stream acidification (pH 4.02) compared with similarinputs (pH 4.50). Both streams have similar sulphate concentrations,but this important mobile anion is associated primarily withhydrogen in the Sitka spruce dominated Kelty catchment whereasat Chon it is associated with base cations as well as hydrogen.  相似文献   

The effect of footrot on body weight and wool growth of sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DJ MARSHALL  RI WALKER  BR CULLIS  MF LUFF 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(2):45-49

Body weight and traits associated with production of wool were measured over a 2-year period between 1985 and 1987 in south-western New South Wales in a flock of Merino wethers experimentally infected with footrot. The disease was allowed to spread freely amongst 150 of the flock but kept at very low prevalence in the remaining 50 by preventive footbathing during transmission periods. Severe, underrunning footrot had a significant adverse effect on body weight, for each year of the trial. Body weight was most severely reduced at times of the year when footrot was spreading among animals and lesions were severe. The mean body weight of the infected group at the end of the 2 years of observation was 7.3 kg (11.6%) below that of the control group. Footrot also depressed wool growth, with the mean clean fleece weight of the infected group being 0.4 kg (8%) lighter than that of the controls at each of the 2 annual shearings. There were no consistent differences between the groups for the other wool characteristics measured.  相似文献   

First case of psittacine proventricular dilatation syndrome (macaw wasting disease) in Australia     

ND SULLIVAN  JT MACKIE  RI MILLER  A. GILES 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(9):674-674

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A longitudinal study of lymphocyte subsets in a cohort of cats naturally-infected with feline immunodeficiency virus     

C. WALKER  PJ CANFFIELD†  DN LOVE†  DR McNEIL‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(6):218-224

Despite the potential of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as an animal model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies, the long term effects of naturally-occurring infection have not been determined. HIV infection causes an ongoing deterioration in immune function which directly correlates with disease, in particular acquired immunodefciency syndrome (AIDS). However, it is not known whether FIV-induced immunosuppression is progressive or related to the clinical condition. This study examined changes in lymphocyte subset numbers of serial samples, taken from cohorts of FIV-positive and FIV-negative cats over an 18-month period. FIV-positive cats were clinically staged as asymptomatic carriers (AC) or cats with AIDS-related complex (ARC), and FIV-negative cats matched and staged on the basis of similar diseases. During the course of the study, 4 FIV-positive cats developed AIDS, classed as the terminal stage of infection. There were no significant differences in the mean absolute numbers of any lymphocyte subset between the onset (to) and the completion (t18) of the study. Similarly there were no significant changes in subset numbers during the 18 months preceding the development of AIDS. While the study period was brief and the sample sizes small, it is postulated that FIV infection in Australia may not necessarily cause progressive immunodeficiency and that FIV-induced immunosuppression (as measured by subset analysis) may not be well correlated with the clinical status of the infected cat.  相似文献   

Studies on Immunological Effect and Immunological Mechanism Avian Encephalomyelitis Oil Emulsion Inactivated Vaccine     

CHENG Zi-qiang  ZHAO Zhen-hua  RI Mudema 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2002,1(7):811-815

Oil emulsion inactivated vaccine was prepared by susceptible embryos, with different strains of AEV. Four groups of normal chickens of 2 - 7 days of age were given injections for immunization, respectively. Another group was used as control. This study was expected to evaluate the immunological effect and discuss the immunological mechanism by means of five different experiments, i.e. the agar-gel precipitin test,the isolation of lymphokine, the isolation, purification and analysis of blood serum IgG, embryo-susceptibility test, and clinical and pathological examination. The results of these experiments indicated that oil emulsion inactivated vaccine is safe and effective. The chickens were normal when inoculated with AE strong virus after immunity at 4 and 37 weeks. Immunological mechanism is that the humoral immunity played an important role and celluar immunity exists, but it is not important in the process of the resistance to AEV.  相似文献   

The effect and mechanism of H. polygyrus infection in T-cell-mediated inflammatory bowel disease in mice     

LI Wang-lin  LAN Ping  WU Xiao-jian  RAO Ben-qiang  HE Xiao-sheng  WU Xian-rui  ZOU Yi-feng  WALKER Allan  SHI Hai-ning 《园艺学报》2011,27(4):732-738

AIM: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (H. polygyrus) infection in mouse inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mediated by CD4⁺ helper T-cells. METHODS: Ovalbumin (OVA) -specific CD4⁺ helper T-cells were transferred into SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice to establish an IBD model. The IBD mice were infected by H. polygyrus and sacrificed 14 days later. The histological changes of the colon were observed, and the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in mesenteric lymph nodes was detected by ELISA and flow cytometry. Additionally, IL-4 monoclonal antibody was intraperitoneally injected into the H. polygyrus-infected IBD mice to block the secretion of IL-4. The IL-4-blocking IBD mice were sacrificed 9 days later and the above indexes were also determined.RESULTS: Compared with the non-infection group, the H. polygyrus-infected IBD mice had more severe colonic lesions, higher level of IL-4 and lower level of IFN-γ in mesenteric lymph nodes (all P<0.05). Compared with the non-blocking group, the H. polygyrus-infected IBD mice with IL-4 blockage had less colonic lesions, lower IL-4 level and higher IFN-γ level (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: H. polygyrus infection in CD4⁺ T-cell-mediated IBD model promotes inflammation in the early stage probably by inducing the secretion of Th2 cytokine and inhibiting the secretion of Th1 cytokine. The finding suggests that using worms for treatment of IBD needs to be cautious.  相似文献