Programs for surveillance and monitoring of antibacterial residues in Australia, 1989 to 1993   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TJ NICHOLLS  NL BLACKMAN  IB STEPHENS  RJ WILD† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(12):397-399

SUMMARY The development of a State-based confirmatory testing capability for antibiotic residues in meat in Australia has allowed the rapid feedback to producers failing to comply with antibiotic maximum residue limits. The identification of problem areas in various categories of livestock, and subsequent focused surveillance programs, has reduced the prevalence of antibacterial residues in both domestic and export meat products. Failure to observe withholding periods of antibacterial drugs after treatment is the most significant cause of non-compliance. In the period July 1991 to June 1993 the compliance rate for antibacterial residues for all species was 99.9%.  相似文献   

A screening test for subclinical liver disease in horses affected by pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis     

JM CURRAN  RJ SUTHERLAND  RL PEET 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(3):236-240

Objective: To evaluate various biochemical tests as indicators of subclinical liver disease in horses exposed to pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis.
Design: A clinical pathology field study.
Animals: Twenty-two clinically normal horses from four properties in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.
Procedure: Serum samples from each horse were assayed for gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, and for serum bile acid concentration, albumin and total protein. Serum protein electrophoresis was performed and their amino acid profiles determined. Bromosulphophihalein halfclearance times were measured. Horses were then subjected to a single liver biopsy. Results were analysed by, variance of group means, the Fisher-Irwin exact test, and by sensitivity and specificity calculation.
Results: Horses were classified into 2 groups, of 10 unaffected and 12 subclinically affected, on the basis of liver histology. Significant differences between the unaffected and subclinical groups were observed for gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities (P < 0.01). Gamma glutamyltransferase had sufficient sensitivity (75%) and specificity (90%) to function as a primary screening test for subclinical liver disease in horses exposed to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Alkaline phosphatase was useful, but with lower sensitivity (58%).
Conclusion: Serum gamma glutamyltransferase activity is a useful screening test for detecting subclinical liver disease in horses exposed to pyrrolizidine alkaloids under field conditions in northern Australia.  相似文献   

Impact of dung from ivermectin-treated sheep on oogenesis and survival of adult Lucilia cuprina     

RJ MAHON  KG WARDHAUGH 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(5):173-177

Females of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, exploit sheep dung as a source of protein for egg development. Flies fed on dung collected from sheep 1 to 6 days after being drenched with the broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug ivermectin showed delayed reproductive development and reduced fecundity. Male and female survival was also reduced. Despite these effects, except where the recommended frequency of drenching (1 to 4 times per annum) is greatly exceeded, it is unlikely that ivermectin residues will affect any useful reduction in blowfly populations.  相似文献   

X-ray visualization and analysis of multicomponent subjects     

MACKAY RS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1958,128(3339):1622-1623

The information carried by x-rays showing the distribution of each material of which a subject is assumed to be composed is distributed on separate films by means of a controlled variation in composition of the scanning radiation. The beam is modulated, for example, by simultaneous motion of several wedges. The method is useful in quantitative x-ray analysis and as a system for making radiographs predominantly sensitive to one material in the subject.  相似文献   

‘Cysticercosis storm’ in feedlot cattle in north‐west New South Wales     

DJ Jenkins  GK Brown  RJ Traub 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(3):89-93

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Candida albicans infection in free-living populations of hihi (stitchbird; Notiomystis cincta)     

RJ Rippon  MR Alley  I Castro 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):299-306

Abstract

AIM: To describe the occurrence of candidiasis in hihi (stitch-bird; Notiomystis cincta) nestlings, and investigate the carriage and impact of Candida albicans infection in a free-living population of hihi.

METHODS: Mortality of nestlings was investigated in a reintroduced population of the endangered, endemic hihi at Zealandia: Karori Sanctuary, Wellington, New Zealand. Oral and faecal samples were collected from live hihi nestlings, for microbiological examination, between October 2008 and April 2009. All hihi that died and could be recovered were submitted to the New Zealand Wildlife Health Centre (NZWHC) at Massey University, for post-mortem examination. The results were compared with data obtained retrospectively from the National Wildlife Mortality (NWM) database for two other reintroduced populations of hihi on Mokoia and Tiritiri Matangi Islands.

RESULTS: Fifty chicks fledged from 82 eggs hatched during the 2008–2009 breeding season at Zealandia: Karori Sanctuary. Thirty-four live nestlings were sampled from 11 nests, and C. albicans was isolated from gastrointestinal swabs of 13 live nestlings from four nest sites. Eight (62%) of those nestlings survived to fledge, compared with 17/21 (81%) of those that tested negative (p=0.254; Fisher's exact test). Of the 32 hihi nestlings that died during the period of the study, 25 were recovered for necropsy. Histopathological examination revealed candidiasis was a factor in the deaths of four nestlings. An adult hihi that died during the period of the study at Zealandia: Karori Sanctuary was also found to have candidiasis. Retrospective analysis of data from the NWM database revealed candidiasis was also a factor in the deaths of five nestlings aged between 1 and 10 days from Mokoia Island, and of three nestlings <5 days old and one adult from Tiritiri Matangi Island.

CONCLUSIONS: Candida albicans was isolated from 38% of hihi nestlings sampled in this study, and vertical transmission of this organism from parent to offspring is likely to occur. Some colonised nestlings developed ventriculitis associated with Candida spp., but survival to fledging was not significantly different between nestlings that tested positive or negative, although the fate of birds following fledging was unknown.  相似文献   

Mortalities of hihi/stitchbird nestlings at Zealandia (Karori sanctuary)     

MR Alley  RJ Rippon  I Castro 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2)

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Use of BACTEC radiometric culture method and polymerase chain reaction for the rapid screening of faeces and tissues for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

DV COUSINS  RJ EVANS  BR FRANCIS 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(12):458-462

SUMMARY The BACTEC radiometric culture method for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was evaluated on faeces from cattle on a farm in quarantine for Johne's disease. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the IS900 sequence specific for M paratuberculosis and a genus specific 16S rRNA region was developed and used to test cultures showing evidence of mycobacterial growth in the BACTEC liquid radiometric culture medium. Using the BACTEC - PCR combination, confirmation of M paratuberculosis from faeces and tissue of clinically affected animals was achieved within 2 to 4 weeks and 1 week, respectively, a substantial improvement on traditional culture and identification methods. The PCR provided rapid exclusion of M paratuberculosis when other Mycobacterium spp were grown. The radiometric culture medium proved to be very sensitive for culturing Mycobacterium spp.  相似文献   

Sulphur cycling in New Zealand hill country pastures. II. The fate of fertilizer sulphur     

K. SAKADEVAN  A. D. MACKAY  M. J. HEDLEY 《European Journal of Soil Science》1993,44(4):615-624

The fate of fertilizer sulphur (S) applied as single superphosphate (SSP) to grazed pasture was examined in a field experiment for a period of 18 months using ³⁵S-labelled SSP. Four sites were selected on the basis of contrasting fertilizer history and land slope. The fertilizer histories since 1981 for the sites were 125 (LF) and 375 (HF) kg ha^-1 a^-1 SSP and the slope gradients were low (LS, 0-12°) and medium (MS, 13–26°). The amount of fertilizer S taken up by pasture as a fraction of total applied was greater at the LF (12%) than the HF (6%) site, suggesting that pasture at the LF site depended more on fertilizer than pasture at the HF site. At the LF site, fertilizer application did not significantly increase leaching losses of S (13 and 8.6 kg S ha^-1 for fertilized and unfertilized plots, respectively). At the HF site, fertilizer application significantly increased leaching losses of S (38 and 21 kg S ha^-1 for fertilized and unfertilized plots, respectively). The amount of fertilizer S lost by leaching as a fraction of total applied was greater at the HF (20%) than the LF site (7.6%). Most fertilizer S remained as soil organic matter. Plant uptake and leaching losses of fertilizer S were greater in the first year after application. The amount of N lost by leaching was very small in terms of N cycled through soil-plant system (1 to 6 kg N ha^-1). The majority (> 80%) of the S and N taken up by pasture and lost by leaching was derived from the mineralization of soil organic matter and not from freshly applied fertilizer.  相似文献   

Cerebellar abiotrophy in crossbred cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

RJ. WHITTINGTON  AG. MORTON†  DJ. KENNEDY‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(1):12-15

Cerebellar abiotrophy affected 9 of 74 calves sired by a Poll Hereford bull over 2 successive calving seasons. The disease was characterised by episodes of recumbency and ataxia, with hypermetria and wide base stance. Clinical signs commenced between birth and 8 months of age. Two calves which were affected first at 8 months of age recovered clinically 9 months later. Histological lesions were found in the cerebellar cortex of 7 calves and consisted of segmental degeneration and loss of Purkinje cells, and axonal swellings. The clinical signs and pathological findings were consistent with bovine familial convulsions and ataxia, which has not been described previously in Australia. The clinical signs were not attributable to the lesions observed in the cerebellum and an underlying electrophysiological abnormality is proposed. The aetiology of the condition is probably genetic and appears to have a multifactorial basis.  相似文献