The sterility and productivity of young, short scrotum, Merino rams     

PW MORCOMBE  RL PEET  SJ BELL 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(6):235-236

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A Review of Canine Pseudocyesis     

C Gobello  RL de la Sota  & RG Goya 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2001,36(6):283-288

The purpose of this article is to review the most relevant features of the physiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of canine pseudocyesis (PSC). This is a physiological syndrome, characterized by clinical signs such as: nesting, weight gain, mammary enlargement, lactation and maternal behaviour, which appears in non‐pregnant bitches at the end of metaoestrus. PSC is a frequent finding in domestic dogs. Although it is generally admitted that prolactin (PRL) plays a central role in the appearance of PSC, its precise aetiophysiology is not completely understood yet. A number of clinical studies suggest that at some point of metaoestrus circulating PRL levels rise in overtly pseudopregnant bitches. Individual differences in sensitivity to PRL as well as the existence of molecular variants of canine PRL with different bioactivity versus immunoreactivity ratios may help clarify the aetiopathology of PSC. Diagnosis of PSC is based on the presence of typical clinical signs in metaoestrous non‐pregnant bitches. Considering that PSC is a self limiting physiological state, mild cases usually need no treatment. Discouraging maternal behaviour and sometimes fitting Elizabethan collars to prevent licking of the mammary glands may suffice in these cases. Sex steroids (oestrogens, progestins and androgens) have been traditionally used to treat PSC but the side‐effects usually outweigh the benefits of these medications. Inhibition of PRL release by ergot derivatives [ bromocriptine (10–100 μg/kg per day for 10–14 days], cabergoline (5 μg/kg per day during 5–10 days), metergoline (0.2 mg/kg per day during 8–10 days) has proved to be effective for the treatment of canine PSC. Although some of these ergot derivatives present some untoward side‐effects, they are transient and can usually be managed. Predisposed bitches not intended for breeding should be spayed as ovariectomy is the only permanent preventive measure.  相似文献   

Congenital joint laxity and dwarfism in calves     

RL PEET  J. CREEPER 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(2):58-58

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Chlamydiosis in commercial ducks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

KE ARZEY  GG ARZEY  RL REECE 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(9):333-334

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Reduced growth of Lucilia cuprina larvae fed serum from sheep treated with anthelmintics     

IJ EAST  RL KERLIN  CH EISEMANN 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(11):286-287

The effect of three commonly used anthelmintics, levamisole hydrochloride, ivermectin and closantel, on the development of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, was determined. Sheep were treated with each anthelmintic using the manufacturers' recommended dose for helminth control. Both ivermectin and closantel significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the growth rate of larvae of L cuprina cultured in vitro on serum from these sheep. Levamisole hydrochloride had no effect. Ivermectin was effective for less than 6 days after treatment, whereas closantel significantly reduced larval growth 21 days after treatment. Dose-response experiments showed that lower concentrations of both ivermectin and closantel were not as effective in reducing larval growth.  相似文献   

Predictors of beef calf temperament at weaning and its impact on temperament at breeding and reproductive performance          下载免费PDF全文

VR Kasimanickam  RL Abdel Aziz  HM Williams  RK Kasimanickam 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):484-494

Two experiments were conducted to determine (i) factors influencing calf temperament at weaning, (ii) association between heifer–calf temperament at weaning and temperament at breeding and (iii) effect of heifer–calf temperament on pregnancy rate per artificial insemination (P/AI). In experiment 1, beef cows and their calves (n = 285) from three farms were used. Sire docility estimated progeny difference (EPD) score, birth type (normal or assisted), calf gender, calf behaviour (during 1st 4 weeks) and calf health status (until weaning) were recorded. Cows and calves were assigned a temperament score (0—calm; 1—excitable), and all cows were given a body condition score (BCS, 1–9; 1—emaciated; 9—obese) at weaning. Calf's illness (p < .05), low sire docility EPD score (p < .05), altered gait (p < .05), altered resting behaviour (p < .01), reduced/no play behaviour (p < .05) and cow excitable temperament (p < .001) increased calf excitable temperament at weaning. In experiment 2, replacement heifer–calves (n = 758) from 12 farms were assigned a temperament score at weaning and later at breeding. Blood from 40 calves at weaning and 31 heifers at initiation of synchronization (same animals) was collected by coccygeal venipuncture for determination of circulating cortisol and substance P concentrations. Heifers were assigned a BCS and reproductive tract score (RTS, 1–5; 1—immature, acyclic; 5—mature, cyclic), synchronized for fixed time AI, observed for oestrus and were artificially inseminated. Cortisol concentrations were increased in excitable heifer–calves compared to calm heifer–calves at weaning (p < .05), and substance P was increased in excitable compared to calm females both at weaning and breeding (p < .05). Low sire EPD docility score (p < .01), heifer–calf excitable temperament at weaning increased excitable temperament at breeding (p < .01). Controlling for BCS categories (p < .01), oestrous expression (p < .0001) and temperament at breeding by oestrous expression (p < .05), the calf's excitable temperament at weaning (p < .001) reduced P/AI (Calm, 62.7 (244/389) vs. Excitable, 53.4% (197/369); p < .01). In conclusion, selection of docile cows and sires with greater docility EPD score should be given consideration to reduce calf excitement. Temperament in beef female can be detected earlier in their life and could be used as a tool in the selection process and to improve their performances.  相似文献   

Diffusion kinetics of samarium and neodymium in garnet, and a method for determining cooling rates of rocks     

J Ganguly  M Tirone  RL Hervig 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5378):805-807

Experimental determinations of the diffusion coefficients of samarium and neodymium in almandine garnet and theoretical considerations show that one cannot assign a sufficiently restricted range of closure temperature, TC, to the samarium-neodymium decay system in garnet for the purpose of constraining the cooling rate. However, it is shown that the samarium-neodymium cooling age of garnet can be used to calculate both cooling rate and TC if the temperature and age at the peak metamorphic conditions are known.  相似文献   

A decade of imaging cellular motility and interaction dynamics in the immune system   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Germain RN  Robey EA  Cahalan MD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6089):1676-1681

To mount an immune response, lymphocytes must recirculate between the blood and lymph nodes, recognize antigens upon contact with specialized presenting cells, proliferate to expand a small number of clonally relevant lymphocytes, differentiate to antibody-producing plasma cells or effector T cells, exit from lymph nodes, migrate to tissues, and engage in host-protective activities. All of these processes involve motility and cellular interactions--events that were hidden from view until recently. Introduced to immunology by three papers in this journal in 2002, in vivo live-cell imaging studies are revealing the behavior of cells mediating adaptive and innate immunity in diverse tissue environments, providing quantitative measurement of cellular motility, interactions, and response dynamics. Here, we review themes emerging from such studies and speculate on the future of immunoimaging.  相似文献   

Feasibility of infrared spectroscopy with pattern recognition techniques to identify a subpopulation of mares at risk of producing foals diagnosed with failure of transfer of passive immunity     

CB Riley  JT McClure  S Low‐Ying  BK Dolenko  RL Somorjai  RA Shaw 《Australian veterinary journal》2012,90(10):387-391

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Confirmation of the occurrence of the chewing louse Bovicola (Lepikentron) breviceps (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) on alpacas (Lama pacos) in New Zealand     

RL Palma  PB McKenna  P Aitken 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):253-254

Abstract

AIM: To investigate the cause of classical swine fever (CSF) virus-seropositive animals in a nucleus pig-breeding herd in New Zealand, where porcine circovirus-associated disease had been diagnosed.

CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: An exotic disease investigation was undertaken to exclude CSF and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) on a nucleus pig-breeding herd comprising approximately 300 breeding sows, 1,000 weaners, and 650 grower pigs. The herd was experiencing poor reproductive performance in sows, and breeding records showed a declining farrowing rate attributable to a single manager. The growing pigs (10–15 weeks old) were experiencing respiratory disease and wasting, and the mortality rate by pen varied between 9 and 20%. Post-mortem changes in affected grower pigs were consistent with circovirus-associated diseases.

DIAGNOSTIC TESTING: Serological screening using an IDEXX-ELISA gave negative results for PRRS virus antibodies, but two grower pigs and one sow tested positive for CSF virus antibodies. These three seropositive animals remained positive to CSF virus, using three commercial ELISA test kits, over 27 weeks. A newly developed virus neutralisation test (VNT), using a New Zealand isolate of border disease (BD) virus, demonstrated that the seropositive pig sera had higher antibody titres to BD virus than to bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus and CSF virus.

PCR performed on tonsil, kidney, ileum and spleen gave negative results for CSF virus, and histopathology on lymph nodes, intestine, lung, kidney, liver and brain showed no evidence of the disease. Virus isolation performed on a number of samples was negative.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The seropositive samples for CSF virus found in this investigation were likely to be a cross reaction to a pestivirus other than CSF virus. The finding of a possible endemic pestivirus capable of being transmitted between sheep and pigs on this farm may explain findings from previous serological survey work in New Zealand, and supports experience elsewhere, where BD virus was found to be the predominant ruminant pestivirus infecting pigs. The results show that pestivirus cross reactivity can result in unexpectedly high titres, and that testing with a full set of (local) pestiviruses is necessary to reach the correct conclusion. The investigation has direct relevance where pig herds with a low seroprevalence are encountered during surveillance for CSF.  相似文献