Diagnostic testing patterns for Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in Ontario horses during the years 2008 to 2018     

Gabrielle Brankston  Tanya M. Rossi  Terri L. O&#x;Sullivan  Amy L. Greer 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(6):629

This retrospective study describes testing patterns and the incidence of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in Ontario to assess the utility of laboratory data for surveillance purposes. Laboratory records for equine infectious disease test submissions were extracted from the Animal Health Laboratory (AHL) at the University of Guelph for the years 2008 to 2018. Yearly and seasonal trends in S. equi testing and the proportion of tests that returned positive results were assessed. The number of samples submitted for S. equi testing decreased over the 11-year period (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.92 to 0.999; P = 0.04). A generalized linear model identified a significant seasonal effect for animals recognized as clinically ill, with the highest test positivity noted in the winter. Although this study identified important trends in the incidence of S. equi in Ontario, the variability in information accompanying test submissions made the data challenging to interpret, highlighting the need for more complete diagnostic submission data for S. equi.  相似文献   

Negative effects of energy supplementation at peak lactation of sheep can be offset by the addition of Lactobacillus-fermented plant extracts     

Matthew R Beck  Konagh Garrett  Kenneth J Olejar  Thomas M R Maxwell  Craig R Bunt  Andrew E Greer  Pablo Gregorini 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)

Energy supplementation may reduce oxidative stress by correcting a negative energy balance, but in some contexts, it has been shown to increase oxidative stress, especially at peak lactation. The current experiment examined if a pelleted energy supplement with or without the addition of Lactobacillus-fermented seaweed or seaweed plus terrestrial plants extracts affected oxidative stress of ewes from late gestation through to weaning and ewe and lamb production from lambing to weaning. Treatments were either no supplement (CON−), a pelleted supplement only (CON+, 100 g/ewe per d), CON+ with seaweed extract only (SWO, 10 mL/ewe per day), or CON+ with seaweed plus an arrangement of terrestrial plant extract (SWP, 10 mL/ewe per d). Ewes (n = 160; mean initial BW = 72.3 ± 9.5 kg [mean ± SD]) were randomized to pastures (n = 4 pastures per treatment with 10 ewes each). After lambing, ewes with twins were reallocated to pastures (n = 3 pastures per treatment with 10 ewes each) according to lambing date. At 4 wk in milk, supplementation tended to reduce total antioxidant status (TAS; P = 0.10) and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity compared with nonsupplemented ewes (P = 0.04). The addition of seaweed and terrestrial plants extracts to the concentrate, that is, SWO and SWP, increased TAS and reduced GPx activity compared with CON+ (P < 0.01). Supplementation increased milk yield at weeks 4, 6, and 8 of lactation, and protein, lactose, and total milk solids yield at peak lactation (week 4; P < 0.05). The CON− ewes had greater somatic cell count than the supplemented ewes at weeks 4, 8, and 10 of lactation (P = 0.03). Our results suggest that energy supplementation, alone, increases oxidative stress of lactating ewes, which may relate to increased oxidative phosphorylation. Most importantly, these results indicate that in situations where energy supplementation is needed to increase animal performance, negative effects of energy supplementation around peak lactation can be offset by the addition of Lactobacillus-fermented plant extracts (SWO and SWP) to improve antioxidant status.  相似文献   

Contrasting genetic structure between Magnaporthe grisea populations associated with the golf course turfgrasses Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) and Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyugrass)     

Douhan GW  de la Cerda KA  Huryn KL  Greer CA  Wong FP 《Phytopathology》2011,101(1):85-91

Gray leaf spot (GLS) disease of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) in golf courses in California was first noted in 2001 and 2003, respectively, and within 5 years had become well established. The causal agent of the disease is the fungus Magnaporthe grisea, which is known to consist primarily of clonal lineages that are highly host specific. Therefore, our objective was to investigate host specificity and population dynamics among isolates associated primarily from perennial ryegrass and kikuyugrass since the disease emerged at similar times in California. We also obtained isolates from additional hosts (tall fescue, St. Augustinegrass, weeping lovegrass, and rice) and from the eastern United States for comparative purposes. A total of 38 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism makers were scored from 450 isolates which clustered by host with high bootstrap support (71 to 100%). Genetic structure between kikuyugrass and perennial ryegrass isolates differed significantly. Isolates from kikuyugrass were genotypically diverse (n = 34), possessed both mating types, and some tests for random mating could not be rejected, whereas isolates from perennial ryegrass were less genotypically diverse (n = 10) and only consisted of a single mating type. Low genotypic diversity was also found among the other host specific isolates which also only consisted of a single mating type. This is the first study to document evidence for the potential of sexual reproduction to occur in M. grisea isolates not associated with rice (Oryza sativa). Moreover, given the significant host specificity and contrasting genetic structures between turfgrass-associated isolates, the recent emergence of GLS on various grass hosts in California suggests that potential cultural practices or environmental changes have become conducive for the disease and that the primary inoculum may have already been present in the state, despite the fact that two genotypes associated with perennial ryegrass and St. Augustinegrass in California were the same as isolates collected from the eastern United States.  相似文献   

Rapid immunochemical screening method for aflatoxin B1 in human and animal urine     

R D Stubblefield  J I Greer  O L Shotwell  A M Aikens 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1991,74(3):530-532

A method has been developed to determine the presence of aflatoxin B1 in the urine of animals (including humans) by utilizing commercial immunochemical kits that can be used in the field. Urine is treated with diatomaceous earth and filtered to clarify the sample; 2-3 ppb aflatoxin B1, corresponding to about 300 ppb in the ingested feed/food, can be detected in the filtered urine without further purification. To improve sensitivity, the urine filtrate is passed through a C18 solid phase column to extract the aflatoxin. The column is washed with acetonitrile-water (15 + 85) and water, aflatoxin B1 is eluted with methanol-water (7 + 3), and water is added to the eluate, which is then tested for aflatoxin with the test kit. The limit of detection is 0.2 ppb, reflecting consumption of 40 ppb or more aflatoxin in the feed/food. When the initial sample volume is adequate, purification through the C18 column step is usually sufficient. For limited sample volumes, the eluate from the C18 column is mixed with water, added to an immunosorbent affinity column, and washed with water to remove excess sample matrix and impurities. Aflatoxin B1 is eluted with acetonitrile. The extract is evaporated under nitrogen and the residue is redissolved in methanol-water (25 + 75). At this purification stage, the limit of detection is reduced to 0.05 ppb.  相似文献   

A national serological survey to verify Australia's freedom from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

MG GARNER  LJ GLEESON  PK HOLYOAKE  RM CANNON  WJ DOUGHTY 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(8):596-600

Objective To provide serological data to support Australia's claim of freedom from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.
Design A national serological survey was designed to provide 99% confidence of detecting at least one infected pig herd in Australia, assuming that at least 5% of herds would have been exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and that at least 25% of the 'finisher' pigs in these herds would have antibodies to the virus.
Procedure A two-stage testing regime was used. All samples were tested with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. If assay reactions were found, all samples from the herd were to be tested using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay.
Results Of the 875 samples from 163 herds from all States in Australia, there was some evidence of reactivity in only four samples from four herds on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further testing using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay according to the study protocol demonstrated that the reactions were not due to the presence of specific porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antibodies in the sera.
Conclusion The results of this study support the view that Australian pigs are free of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.  相似文献   

Canine Clinical Parasitology     

RM Barlow 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(6):190-190

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Evaluation of an Immunochromatographic Test to the Diagnosis of Canine Brucellosis Caused by Brucella canis          下载免费PDF全文

LB Keid  JA Diniz  TMFS Oliveira  HL Ferreira  RM Soares 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(6):939-944

This study evaluated the performance of an immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the diagnosis of canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis, comparing its results with that of the rapid slide agglutination test with and without the use of 2‐mercaptoethanol and the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID). The microbiological culture, PCR and clinical examination were used as reference. According to the results obtained in clinical examination, blood culture, culture of semen and vaginal swab and PCR in blood, semen and vaginal swab, a total of 102 dogs were divided into three groups: B. canis‐infected dogs (Group 1), B. canis‐non‐infected dogs (Group 2) and dogs with suspected brucellosis (Group 3). The diagnostic sensitivity of RSAT, 2ME‐RSAT, AGID and ICT in Group 1 was, respectively, 75%, 37.5%, 27.8% and 89.58%. The diagnostic specificity of RSAT, 2ME‐RSAT, AGID and ICT in Group 2 was, respectively, 91%, 100%, 100%, and 100%. In dogs with suspected brucellosis, 9.67% were RSAT positive, none was positive by 2ME‐RSAT, 3.22% were AGID positive and 6.45% were ICT positive. The main drawback concerning canine brucellosis diagnosis is the lack of a highly sensitive serological assay to be used as a screening test to the rapid identification of infected animals. The ICT showed a high diagnostic specificity and a diagnostic sensitivity value greater than that observed in the RSAT, 2ME‐RSAT and AGID. However, 10.41% of infected dogs had negative results by ICT. These dogs were positive by microbiological culture and/or PCR, indicating active infection and consequently a higher potential of spreading Brucella. Although rapid and simple to perform, the ICT lacked sensitivity to be used as a screening test.  相似文献   

Iodine metabolism: preferential renal excretion of iodide derived from triiodothyronine deiodination     

S Shimoda  M A Greer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,175(27):1266-1267

Measurements were made in rats of the relative rates of accumulation in urine or in the thyroid of radioactive iodide derived from simultaneous injections of (131)I-labeled triiodothyronine and (125)I-labeled iodide. The data indicate that deiodination of triiodothyronine by the kidney results in a loss into the urine of iodine which does not enter the general body iodide pool. This renal "iodide leak" should be considered in kinetic models of iodine metabolism.  相似文献   

THE PRESENCE OF SULPHATE REDUCING BACTERIA IN OIL FIELD WATERS     

Bastin ES  Greer FE  Merritt CA  Moulton G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1926,63(1618):21-24

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Use of transesophageal echocardiography for visualization of the patent ductus arteriosus during transcatheter coil embolization     

Romain Pariaut DMV  N Sydney Moïse DVM  MS  Marc S Kraus DVM  Anna RM Gelzer Dr.med.vet.  Mark Rishniw BVSc  MS  James A Flanders DVM  Shari Renaud-Farrell VT  Mary Ellen Charter VT 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2004,6(1):32-39

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) enhances our ability to see the patent ductus arteriosus in the dog. The improved visualization may potentially improve our ability to perform transcatheter coil embolization in patients that are more likely to have a successful outcome. This report uses still and video images to detail the specifics of coil embolization as performed with the assistance of TEE and compares the images with those of angiography, surgery and postmortem examination.  相似文献