Neurological disorders, virus persistence and hypomyelination in calves due to intra-uterine infections with bovine virus diarrhoea virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Binkhorst GJ  Journée DL  Wouda W  Strayer PJ  Vos JH 《The Veterinary quarterly》1983,5(4):145-155

The clinical and pathological findings after a natural intra-uterine infection with BVD-virus in a Friesian dairy herd are described. The virological and serological aspects will be discussed in a separate paper (30). In a period of 4 years, 11 calves were born with the following nervous symptoms: more or less serious incoordination, tremor, oscillating nystagmus, and a negative blinking reflex. The pupillary and sucking reflexes were normal. No ocular defects, such as lenticular opacity or retinal atrophy were observed. The first calf was born in 1979. Within 6 months the symptoms disappeared. After a normal conception and pregnancy this animal gave birth to 2 clinically normal calves in 1981 and 1982. The second calf died at the age of 2 months, due to an ulcerating enteritis. In 1980, again 8 calves with the same nervous symptoms were born within a period of 3 months. Two calves died at the age of 3 days and 5 weeks respectively; 2 calves were sold when 10 days and 3 weeks old; one calf did not improve and was necropsied at the age of 17 days. The remaining 3 calves showed only a slight hypermetria when examined after 6 months. At that time nystagmus was only visible with ophthalmoscopy. Two calves were slaughtered when 10 months old. The last one, a bull, proved to be sterile and was necropsied at the age of 1 1/2 year. A calf, born in 1981, recovered within a week and was necropsied at the age of 15 days. The last calf, born in 1982, did not improve at all and was necropsied at the age of 14 days. During these 4 years none of the other animals in the herd showed any symptoms due to an acute or chronic BVD-virus infection. At post mortem examination of 6 animals no macroscopically visible malformations were found. Hypomyelination and abnormal glial cells were evident in 5 cases, especially in the two youngest calves which did not show any improvement. One of them had had an obvious thymic hypoplasia. The calf which recovered within a week showed only very slight changes. In one of the calves slaughtered at 10 months, inflammatory lesions were found in the brain. The diagnosis was confirmed by virological investigations. Clinically as well as pathologically there was a close resemblance to Border disease in lambs and congenital tremor in piglets after prenatal exposure to Hog cholera virus.  相似文献   

Progressive ataxia due to central demyelination in Rottweiler dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W Wouda  J J van Nes 《The Veterinary quarterly》1986,8(2):89-97

A clinicopathological study of a neurologic disease in Rottweiler dogs was conducted. Clinical data were available on 16 dogs, 11 of which were examined pathologically. All dogs had a history of progressive gait abnormalities, which had commenced insidiously at an age varying from 1.5 to 3.5 years. In most dogs the fore limbs were affected prior to the hind limbs. At neurologic examination ataxia of all 4 limbs was seen, in some instances accompanied by an apparent paresis. Proprioceptive positioning was delayed whereas spinal reflexes were often hyperactive. Plain and contrast radiographs of the spine did not reveal any compressive lesions in 5 dogs examined. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in 4 dogs was normal. Electrodiagnostic testing in 3 dogs revealed no abnormalities. At pathologic examination demyelinating lesions were found in the central nervous system. These were largely confined to the cervical spinal cord and brain stem and had a rather characteristic more or less symmetric distribution. Pedigree data suggested that the disease is transmitted genetically.  相似文献   

“Pig-compost” as a Source of Mycobacterium avium Infection in Swine     

H. W. B. Engel  D. G. Groothuis  W. Wouda  C. D. W. Knig  L. H. H. M. Lendfers 《Zoonoses and public health》1978,25(5):373-382

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Supranational comparison of Neospora caninum seroprevalences in cattle in Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden     

Bartels CJ  Arnaiz-Seco JI  Ruiz-Santa-Quitera A  Björkman C  Frössling J  von Blumröder D  Conraths FJ  Schares G  van Maanen C  Wouda W  Ortega-Mora LM 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,137(1-2):17-27

Herd, within-herd and animal prevalences for Neospora caninum in beef and dairy cattle were compared between four countries. In randomly selected herds from regions of Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden that were representative for the cattle production of these countries, all animals > or = 2 years were examined serologically by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with high test specificity (> 98.0%). In a previous study, the ELISAs had been validated against each other. Single reacting animals within a herd were confirmed by immunobloting. At the time of sampling, animal (age, breed, herdtype, sex, lactation stage) and herd data (region) were collected. Considerable differences in N. caninum herd, within-herd, and overall animal prevalence estimations were observed between countries, regions, herdtype, age categories and breeds. Herd prevalences, based on confirmation of single reactors, for dairy herds were estimated to be 16% (95%CI: 10-24%) in Sweden, 49% (95%CI: 39-59%) in Germany, 63% (95%CI: 57-69%) in Spain and 76% (95%CI: 67-84%) in The Netherlands and for beef herds 41% (95%CI: 31-50%) in Germany, 46% (95%CI: 41-51%) in Spain and 61% (95%CI: 50-72%) in The Netherlands. No beef herds were examined in Sweden. The lowest animal true prevalence was estimated in dairy cattle in Sweden (0.5% (95%CI: 0.1-0.8%)) while the highest animal true prevalence was estimated for dairy cattle in Spain (16.2% (95%CI: 14.9-17.5%)). Within-herd prevalences varied greatly, with very few farms in Sweden having more than 10% seropositive animals while in Spain more than 10% of the herds had within-herd prevalences between 50 and 100%. Seropositivity was significantly associated with herdtype (beef versus dairy), age, breed and region within countries. The results of this supranational comparative study showed that the importance of N. caninum infection varied greatly within in Europe. Estimates of prevalence can be used to calculate the economic impact of N. caninum infection as well as to evaluate the effect of prevention and control strategies over time.  相似文献   

Suckling calves with symptoms of swayback     

Muskens J  Heemskerk SP  Wouda W  Counotte GH 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2006,131(18):642-645

Within a 1-year period, three calves from the same herd developed ataxia of the hind limbs and urinary incontinence at about 6 months of age. Signs progressed and the calves were slaughtered 1-8 months after the onset of signs. The calves belonged to a suckling beef herd of 35 cattle. Blood samples from 11 cattle of different ages were collected and glutathione peroxidase and copper levels were measured. Glutathione peroxidase levels were below the normal range in all cattle and copper levels were below the normal range in 7 of ll cattle. Pathological examination of an affected calf revealed a Wallerian type of degeneration of myelinated nerve fibres in the lateral and ventral spinal cord tracts. In addition, the hepatic copper content was very low. Copper deficiency is a well-known cause of swayback in young sheep and goats. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a possible association between a swayback-like syndrome and copper deficiency in calves.  相似文献   

Prevalence of infestation with gastrointestinal nematodes in Pony Club horses in Victoria     

KL Flanagan  JM Morton  RM Sandeman 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(6):241-245

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Facial swelling and discharging lesions associated with abnormalities of the mandible in kunekune pigs     

RM Archer  JF Weston  CL Herdan  MC Owen 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):305-309

Abstract

CASE HISTORIES: Four adult kunekune pigs developed facial swelling at the base of the right ear that ruptured and discharged food material. A further six pigs that had similar clinical signs were reported by members of the New Zealand Kunekune Association who responded to an email survey, one of which was confirmed by post-mortem examination.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Inside the mouth of each pig there was an opening at the junction of the body and ramus of the mandible just lateral to the most caudal visible molar that was impacted with masticated feed. The food packed into the mandible resulted in infection and progressive erosion of the medullary cavity of the bone until it reached the ramus where it eroded through the lateral cortex. The feed material then tracked through the soft tissues to form a subcutaneous abscess, which eventually ruptured resulting in a draining lesion. In Case 2, which had had the lesion for 2 years, the cavity in the mandible was lined with mucosa that had healed to the skin to produce a fistula. In all four pigs there was also a lesion in the left side of the mandible that was not as developed as that on the right side.

DIAGNOSIS: The facial swellings were produced by feed material that had impacted into the mandible through an opening immediately caudal to the cheek teeth and then emerged through one or more lesions in the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although it has not been previously reported, anecdotal reports and our survey suggest that this condition may occur relatively frequently in kunekune pigs. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis for facial swellings and discharging lesions in these animals.  相似文献   

Osseous lesions resembling vaccine-site sar comas in two cats     

KG Thompson  RM Jerram  CL Opie  SS Bastianello 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

Extract

Lytic lesions with microscopic features similar to those of vaccine-site sarcomas were diagnosed in the distal femur of two young neutered male cats, one a 20-month-old Birman and the other an 18-month-old domestic short-hair (DSH). Radiographically, there was extensive destruction of trabecular and cortical bone in the metaphysis and/or epiphysis of the distal femur. The DSH cat also had angular deformity of the distal femur due to asymmetrical involvement of the physis. Histologically, the lesions in both cats consisted of dense, interwoven bundles of fibrous connective tissue, amongst which there were variable numbers of plump malignant mesenchymal cells, often with very large, hyperchromatic nuclei and irregularly shaped nucleoli. Several focal aggregates of small lymphocytes were present in both tumours. Although neither cat had apparently been vaccinated in the hindlimb it is possible that the tumours had been triggered by injection of some other irritant material.  相似文献   

Delayed swayback in goat kids,a study of 23 cases     

W. Wouda  G. H. A. Borst  E. Gruys 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(1):45-56

Summary

The results of a retrospective study of 23 goat kids with delayed swayback are reported. Principal clinical signs were ataxia, loss of postural control, spasticity of the hindlimbs, and muscular weakness, often progressing to permanent recumbency. Denervation of skeletal muscles was demonstrated by electromyography in 2 kids. Three kids slowly recovered during hospitalisation.

Histopathological changes were characterized by degeneration of selected neuronal populations with their processes within the central and the peripheral nervous system. Affected systems included upper motor neuron, vestibular, general proprioceptive, and lower motor neuron pathways, with additional involvement of the cerebellar cortex in some animals. Our findings, including limited ultrastructural observations, support the notion that the neuraxon rather than the myelin sheath is the prime target of disease in delayed swayback. The available copper values of affected kids and their unaffected herd mates were significantly lower than those of random control goats, which provides furt her support for a role of copper deficiency in the aetiology of this disease in the goat.  相似文献   

Effect of hCG Treatment on the Oestrous and Ovulation Responses to FSH in Prepubertal Gilts     

R Manjarin  JC Dominguez  MJ Castro  DJ Sprecher  G Cassar  RM Friendship  RN Kirkwood 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(3):432-434

To ensure sufficient numbers of pregnant females, particularly at hotter times of the year, hormonal induction of gilt oestrus may be necessary. However, the gilt oestrus and ovulation responses to gonadotrophin treatment have often proven unpredictable. The objective of this study was to examine possible reasons for this unpredictability. Prepubertal gilts (approximately 150 days of age, n = 63) were assigned to one of three treatments: injection of 300 IU hCG (n = 15); pre-treatment with 100 mg FSH in polyvinylpyrrolidinone administered as 2 × 50 mg injections 24 h apart, followed by 600 IU eCG at 24 h after the second FSH injection (n = 23); or FSH pre-treatment as above followed by 300 IU hCG at 24 h after the second FSH injection (n = 25). To facilitate oestrus detection, gilts were exposed to a mature boar for 15 min daily for 7 days. Blood samples were obtained on the day of eCG or hCG injection and again 10 days later and gilt ovulation responses determined based on elevated progesterone concentrations. The oestrus responses by 7 days were 6.7%, 17.5% and 64.0% for gilts treated with hCG, FSH + eCG and FSH + hCG, respectively (p < 0.001). The oestrous gilt receiving hCG alone and one oestrous FSH + hCG gilt did not ovulate, all other oestrous gilts ovulated. A further two anoestrous FSH + eCG-treated gilts ovulated. These data suggest that FSH pre-treatment facilitated the development of ovarian follicles to the point where they became responsive to hCG, but had little effect on the response to eCG.  相似文献