A multi-centre cohort study investigating the outcome of synovial contamination or sepsis of the calcaneal bursae in horses treated by endoscopic lavage and debridement     

C. M. Isgren  S. E. Salem  E. R. Singer  C. E. Wylie  G. Lipreri  R. J. T. Y. Graham  B. Bladon  J. C. Boswell  A. R. Fiske-Jackson  T. S. Mair  L. M. Rubio-Martínez 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(3):404-410

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Making use of equine population demography for disease control purposes: preliminary observations on the difficulties of counting and locating horses in Great Britain     

Robin CA  Wylie CE  Wood JL  Newton JR 《Equine veterinary journal》2011,43(3):372-375

Detailed knowledge of horse populations can better facilitate effective control of equine diseases. Preliminary studies were undertaken to ascertain the type of information held on the UK's National Equine Database (NED) and to determine the geographical resolution at which mandatorily recorded owner addresses might be a suitable proxy for predicting horse locations. Results indicated that relatively few UK passport-issuing organisations requested details of where horses were kept in addition to owner address details. Examination of data on 1440 horses held on an Animal Health Trust syndromic surveillance database showed that 90% of them were kept within 10 km of their owners. While owner location may provide an indication of where most horses are kept, further work is also needed to evaluate the usefulness of NED as an epidemiological resource in future equine disease control measures.  相似文献   

The possible adaptive advantages of terrestrial egg deposition in some fluvial diadromous galaxiid fishes (Teleostei: Galaxiidae)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

RM McDowall  & SC Charteris 《Fish and Fisheries》2006,7(3):153-164

Several diadromous New Zealand and Australian species of Galaxias are now known, or suspected, to deposit their eggs amongst riparian vegetation or substrates either supratidally in estuaries or in forested streams in locations that are only temporarily submerged by elevated water levels. The eggs develop in a humid atmosphere and hatch when the egg deposition sites are resubmerged; a significant role for agitation in stimulating hatching seeming likely. There are risks from the eggs becoming dehydrated, and also from a failure by water to resubmerge the eggs before they have exhausted their energy resources. Hatching is triggered by elevated flows, perhaps being an outcome of agitation of the eggs. Elevated flows may also increase the rate of downstream transport of the larvae, facilitating survival during dispersal to sea from spawning sites in streams that may be long distances inland. Hatching during flood events may favour survival of the larvae because turbid flows may provide ‘cover’ for the larvae as they emigrate to sea. Risks from egg predation by aquatic predators may be replaced by risks from terrestrial predators.  相似文献   

The effect of group 5 chromosomes on the free and total galactosyldiglycerides in wheat endosperm     

William R. Morrison  Lesley J. Wylie  Colin N. Law 《Journal of Cereal Science》1984,2(3):145-152

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Study of Sperm Concentration,Seminal Plasma Composition and their Physiological Correlation in the Persian Sturgeon,Acipenser persicus     

MS Aramli  MR Kalbassi  RM Nazari 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(6):1013-1018

The objectives of the present study were to determine ionic and organic composition of seminal plasma, sperm concentration and their relationships in the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). In this regard, ionic content (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^?, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and organic content (total protein, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride) along with sperm concentration were measured in 17 specimens of the Persian sturgeon. The seminal plasma contained 59.53 ± 2.56 mm /l sodium, 9.1 ± 1.42 mm chloride, 4.72 ± 0.3 mm potassium, 1.45 ± 0.075 mm calcium and 0.7 ± 0.072 mm magnesium. The following organic contents were found: total protein 0.11 ± 0.02 g/dl, glucose 22.18 ± 4.16 mg/dl, cholesterol 6.67 ± 1.04 mg/dl and triglyceride 15.2 ± 0.65 mg/dl. The mean sperm concentration was estimated to be 1.6 ± 0.12 (×10⁹ sperm/ml). A significant relationship was found between sperm concentration and K⁺ of seminal plasma (r = 0.533, p < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between ionic contents: Na⁺ vs Cl^? (r = ?0.854, p < 0.01) and Mg²⁺ vs K⁺ (?0.583, p < 0.05). Also, level of triglyceride was negatively correlated with Mg²⁺ (r = ?0.503, p < 0.05). Presented data could be considered as a complementary study for developing special extenders and protectant solutions for improving artificial fertilization in this valuable species.  相似文献   

Distribution of prion protein genotypes in breeds of sheep in New Zealand     

MA Lee  TR Manley  BC Glass  RM Anderson  SJ Wilson  JS O'Keefe 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):222-227

AIM: To use an established high through-put genotyping procedure to gain an estimate of the frequency of alleles of the prion protein (PrP) gene in some common sheep breeds in New Zealand.

METHODS: Using a genotyping procedure based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), DNA samples from 3,024 sheep from New Zealand, including breeds such as Romney, Texel, Coopworth, Merino and mixedbreed, were isolated, genotyped and the results analysed.

RESULTS: The 15 scrapie genotypes commonly reported, and derived from the five commonly reported allelic variants (ARR, ARQ, AHQ, ARH and VRQ), were all observed in the samples analysed. The estimates were indicative of the frequencies in the population of alleles present in breeds of sheep in New Zealand. There was a significant difference between the frequencies of alleles between breeds, but the ARQ, followed by the ARR allele, were, except in Carwell sheep, the most common alleles present.

CONCLUSION: This study gave an indication of the percentages of PrP gene alleles in sheep in New Zealand, including data previously unreported from breeds in this country. It is of interest because of the relatively large size of the sheep population in New Zealand compared with many countries, and it provides some useful information on the genetic susceptibility or resistance of the sheep population in New Zealand to scrapie. The frequencies of the alleles can be different for an individual breed compared between countries.  相似文献   

Distal aortic aneurysm presumed to be secondary to an infected umbilical artery in a foal     

RM Archer  SJG Gordon  HB Carslake  MG Collett 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1):65-68

Abstract

CASE HISTORY:?A 3-month-old female Warmblood foal was presented after displaying signs of colic with pyrexia for 5 days.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS:?The foal continued to show signs of colic, frequently passed urine, and was pyrexic with an elevated white blood cell count. The umbilical stalk was thickened but there was no evidence of purulent material. Exploratory laparotomy revealed an enlarged left umbilical artery remnant tightly adhered to the bladder wall. The left umbilical artery continued to an aneurysm involving the distal aorta. The foal was subject to euthanasia and post-mortem examination confirmed a spherical aortic aneurysm, in the dorsal midline caudal to the kidneys that contained a large thrombus. Histopathological examination revealed inflammation and necrosis of the tunica intima and tunica media of the left umbilical artery with suppuration and bacterial colonies evident in the periarterial tissues.

DIAGNOSIS:?Infected aortic aneurysm presumably caused by an umbilical artery infection.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE:?A previously undetected umbilical infection appears to have resulted in an unusual delayed complication causing signs of colic in a foal. Veterinarians should be aware of this condition, and the possibility that it may be a cause of signs of colic in foals. Diagnosis based on ultrasonography should be possible, but may require sedation, visceral analgesia and careful examination.  相似文献   

Ovarian biopsy: a non-terminal method to determine reproductive status in giant kokopu,Galaxias argenteus (Gmelin 1789)     

M J Wylie  E L Forbes  P M Lokman 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):292-296

AIM: To establish a method of gonad biopsy for ovarian tissue collection in the declining giant kokopu Galaxias argenteus (Gmelin 1789) as an alternative to lethal sampling in order to understand the species' reproductive biology.

METHODS: Six female giant kokopu weighing between 200 and 350 g were caught from the wild in early December of 2009 and transferred to a holding facility (Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin) where they were kept under a simulated natural photo-thermal regime for 10 months. Fish were repeatedly biopsied for ovarian tissue at near-monthly intervals (mean number of days between biopsies = 33) until ovulation.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian samples were successfully collected from giant kokopu by biopsy for use in downstream analyses. Among a total of 23 biopsy events, a single death occurred when a two-layered suturing approach was used, highlighting the value of this method for study of the reproductive biology of valuable fish.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This biopsy method may have implications for veterinary research on fish physiology, pathology, conservation and development, when repeated tissue samples need to be collected over a prolonged period of time or for general surgical manipulations on fish when accessing the coelom. Furthermore, this approach allows the implementation of a more powerful experimental design, as repeated measures reduces the variability of estimates due to the removal of inherent stage differences among individuals.  相似文献   

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus isolated from sheep abortions in New Zealand     

SA Mannering  DM West  SG Fenwick  RM Marchant  NR Perkins  K O'Connell 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):358-363

AIMS: To genotype Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus isolates cultured from sheep abortions submitted to diagnostic laboratories in New Zealand during the year 2000 breeding season. To compare the types found nationally with those found in the Hawke' Bay region in 1999, and strains held in the New Zealand Reference Culture Collection, Medical Section (NZRM) from a study published in 1987.

METHODS: Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus isolates cultured by veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the year 2000 breeding season, from sheep abortions from throughout New Zealand, were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In addition, seven freeze-dried C. fetus subsp. fetus isolates (strain numbers 2939–2945) from the NZRM, representing restriction types a–g found amongst sheep abortion isolates in a study published in 1987, were typed using PFGE.

RESULTS: In total, 293 C. fetus subsp. fetus isolates from 200 farms were obtained from veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Twenty-two distinct PFGE profiles were identified amongst the isolates. PFGE type B1 was predominant in each region of New Zealand and was identified from 66% of farms overall. Of the C. fetus subsp. fetus restriction types a–g lodged with the NZRM, 3/7 had PFGE profiles indistinguishable from profiles found in the current study. The other four restriction types had PFGE profiles that were unique but similar to those found in the current study.

CONCLUSIONS: PFGE type B1 was predominant amongst the C. fetus subsp. fetus isolates cultured from sheep abortions in each region of New Zealand in the year 2000, as was found in Hawke' Bay in 1999. The similarity between PFGE profiles of C. fetus subsp. fetus sheep abortion isolates from 1987 and 2000, and the relative prevalence of the PFGE groups, suggests that there has been no major genotypic shift in the population of C. fetus subsp. fetus implicated in sheep abortion in New Zealand during this time.  相似文献   

Detecting Channel Riparian Vegetation Response to Best-Management-Practices Implementation in Ephemeral Streams With the Use of Spot High-Resolution Visible Imagery     

Kendall Vande Kamp  Matthew Rigge  Nels H. Troelstrup  Alexander J. Smart  Bruce Wylie 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2013,66(1):63-70

Heavily grazed riparian areas are commonly subject to channel incision, a lower water table, and reduced vegetation, resulting in sediment delivery above normal regimes. Riparian and in-channel vegetation functions as a roughness element and dissipates flow energy, maintaining stable channel geometry. Ash Creek, a tributary of the Bad River in western South Dakota contains a high proportion of incised channels, remnants of historically high grazing pressure. Best management practices (BMP), including off-stream watering sources and cross fencing, were implemented throughout the Bad River watershed during an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 319 effort to address high sediment loads. We monitored prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link) establishment within stream channels for 16 yr following BMP implementation. Photos were used to group stream reaches (n=103) subjectively into three classes; absent (estimated <5% cover; n=64), present (estimated 5–40% cover; n=23), and dense (estimated >40% cover; n=16) based on the relative amount of prairie cordgrass during 2010 assessments of ephemeral channels. Reaches containing drainage areas of 0.54 to 692 ha were delineated with the use of 2010 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were extracted from 5 to 39 sample points proportional to reach length using a series of Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) satellite imagery. Normalized NDVI (nNDVI) of 2152 sample points were determined from pre- and post-BMP images. Mean nNDVI values for each reach ranged from 0.33 to 1.77. ANOVA revealed significant increase in nNDVI in locations classified as present prairie cordgrass cover following BMP implementation. Establishment of prairie cordgrass following BMP implementation was successfully detected remotely. Riparian vegetation such as prairie cordgrass adds channel roughness that reduces the flow energy responsible for channel degradation.  相似文献